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THE STORY OF 
THE SESOUI-CENTENNIAL 




HON. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE 
First Mayor of Greater Pittsburgh, Chairman General Committee of the Sesqui-Centennial 



THE STORY OF THE 

SESOUI-CENTENNIAL 

CELEBRATION OF PITTSBURGH 

JULY 4, SEPTEMBER 27 TO OCTOBER 3, AND NOVEMBER 25, 1908 

ILLUSTRATED 

WITH PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT MEN AND WOMEN AND VIEWS 
TAKEN DURING THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL, OF MARINE PARADE, 
GREATER PITTSBURGH DAY, UNIVERSITY OF PITTS- 
BURGH AND MEMORIAL HALL DAY, ETC. 



EDITED BY 



W. H. STEVENSON AND BURD S. PATTERSON 

PrnSBLKGH'S SESQUI-CEMICNMAI. 

DR. SAMUEL B. McCORMICK 

FOR SUNDAY AND UNIVICKSITV OF FllTSBURGH WW 

COL. SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 

l-OK MONDAY, HLOCK HOl'SK DAY 

H. D. W. ENGLISH 

FOR GRli.VTER PIITSBUKGH DAY 

A. J. KELLY, JR. 

FOR ANNI\ FRi^AKY DAY 

COL. WILLIAM T. PATTERSON, MAJ. H. H. BENGOl^GH, 
COL. S. W. HILL AND JUDGE CHARLES F. McKEXNA 

I'OK SOLDIERS' ME.MORIAL HALL DAY 

SIDNEY A. KING 
^^■\NAGI^■G editor and comiili-.k 

R. W. JOHNSTON 

ART ADVISER 



rri'.i.i.siiKu u\ 

THK K. W. JOHNSTON STUDIOS, Inc. 

1910 



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Col'VKIGHTEI) in- 

SinNF.V A. KING 
IqlO 

All Rii^hts Rcservi-<l 



K. K. IJONNKLI.KY * SONS COMPANY 
CHICAGO 



TO THE 

PUBLIC SPIRITED MEN AND WOMEN OF PllTSBUKGH 

WHOSK rOKTKAlTS APPEAR HliKKIN. 

WHO. BV GIVING THEIR TIME AND MONEY, MADE 

IT POSSIBLE FOR 

PITTSBURGH'S 

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY 

TO BE THE MOST GLORIOUS DAY 

IN THE HISTORY OE 

THIS CITY. 

WE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATE 

THE STORY OK THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



ANNOUNCEMENT 



IN presenting this work, "The Story of the Sesqui-Centennial." to our friends, the pub- 
Hshers beg to say that it is not a "cut and liried history," but a readable story of what 
took place during "Pittsburgh's Greatest Birthday," and we desire to thank all who have so 
kindly helped us. 

Mucli credit is due Mr. W. H. Stevenson, Chairman, and Mr. Biu-d S. Patterson, 
Secretary of the Executi\e Committee; Mr. H. D. W. English, Chairman Greater Pitts- 
burgh Day Committee; Mr. A. j. Kelly. Jr.. Chairman of Anniversary Day Committee; 
Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chairman of Pittsburgh University and Clergymen's Committee; 
Colonel Samuel Harden Church. Orator at the Block House: Mrs. Edith Darlington 
Ammon, President of Daughters of American Revolution; Captain James A. Henderson 
and George M. Lehman of Marine Committee; Judge Charles F. McKenna, Colonel 
William T. Patterson, Colonel S. W. Hill, Colonel Charles Otto Smith, and Major H. H. 
Bengough, of the Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee, who made the work possible. 

To the ilaily papers, who gave us the choice of all the views taken with articles from 
their pages, we thank the "Dispatch," "Post," "Sun," "Press," "Gazette-Times," "Chron- 
icle-Telegraph," "Leader," and Walter C. Jarrett, Photographer. 

We have spared neither time nor expense in making this the most valuable artistic book 
ever published about Pittsburgh; plates, paper and binding are of the Hnest qualit\ . We 
also desire to thank our friends for their liberal patronage. 

THE R. \V. JOHNSTON STUDIO, rxc. Pi Hl.lSHKRS. 

Phtshukgh, Jli.y i, 1910. 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Edited by W. H. STEVENSON and BURD S. PATTERSON 



THE MAYOR'S PROCLAMATION 

On June 21, 1008, Hon. ('jcorL,^' W. (nithrie, 
acting as mayor of Pittsburgh and chairman (jf 
the city's Sesqui-Centennial Committee, issued a 
proclamation and appeal which was puljlished 
in the daily papers of the next day. The docu- 
ment read as follows: 
"To the Citizens of Pittsburgh: 

"On Xovemher 25, 1758, the British and 
Colonial troops, under the command of General 
[ohn Forbes, took possession of the smoking 
ruins of Fort Duijuesne, which had been aban- 
doned the day before l)y the French and Indians. 
.\s the sun was setting, the British flag was raised 
Ijy the brave Pennsj'lvanian, C(;lonel John .Arm- 
strong, in the presence of Washington, Forbes, 
Boucjuet, Mercer and other noted American and 
British soldiers, and the name of the great Pitt, 
whose genius had conceived the expedition, thus 
signally crowned with success, was conferred 
most appropriately upon the site between the 
Forks of the Ohio, which was long thereafter 
known as the 'Gateway of the West.' 

" 'I'his marked the beginning of the first perma- 
nent white settlement of the spot upon which 
our great city is located, as well as the conferring 
of its name, for the attempt of the Ohio company 
to establish a fort and a trading post at the Forks 
in Feljruary, 1754, had been rudely terminated 
by the advent of an overwhelming force of French 
and Indians two months thereafter, while the 
troops of Forbes, a little more than four and a 
half years later, compelled the l''rench garrison 
to destroy its defenses and habitations, and 
abandon forever the attempt to make the place a 
French settlement. 

"On November 25th of the present year will 
occur the 150th anniversary of the permanent 
founding and naming of Pittsburgh, and it is 

(1 



most lltting that the event be celeljraled in a man- 
ner appropriate to the city's important history 
and its great growth and achievements in many 
lines. To that end Councils appointed a com- 
mittee to co-operate with the general committee 
of citizens in arranging for a suitable program 
of ceremonies. These committees, having united 
their elTorts, have now advanced the work to a 
point where the personal and financial co-opera- 
tion of all citizens is needed. 

"In view of the fact that the city's birthdav 
anniversary occurs at a season wlien the weather 
is likely to be too inclement for an outdoor cele- 
bration, it was thought best to have the chief 
program during the week, September 27th to 
October 3d. .\s the first important act of General 
I'orbes and his army, after taking possession of 
and naming the site of Pittsburgh, was to hold a 
thanksgiving service, so it is very appropriately 
contemplated to begin the week of celebration with 
suita1)le religious services in all the cliurches. 
It is proposed to utilize only the evenings of the 
ne.xt three days for the appropriate ceremonies 
and functions. The la.st three days of the week 
will be occupied with outdoor demonstrations, 
parades and displays. One dav will ])e particu- 
larly known as 'Greater Pittsburgh Day.' 

"The industrial, commercial, artistic, educa- 
tional, musical and literarv growth and progress 
of the city will ])e pro|)erl\' illustrated during 
the week, and great historic events of the com- 
munity will be fittingly commemorated and 
reproduced. There will be militarv. marini' 
and civic pageants. .\ s[)ecial effort will be made 
to induce all former Pittsburghers, now living 
elsewhere, to visit their old home at this time. 
The President of the United States, and other 
distinguished Americans, will be asked to be the 
city's guests, and representatives of the Pitt, 






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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI- CENTENNIAL 



Forbes, and Schcnlev families will be invited from 
abroad. There will be an exhibit at the Car- 
negie Art Galleries of paintings of distinguished 
Pittsburghers and of old Pittsburgh scenes, while 
a special effort will be made to have the Western 
Pennsylvania Exposition this year more thor- 
oughly representative of Pittsljurgh industries 
than ever before. 

"As it was deemed proper th;it the usual 
Independence Day celebration should Ije held 
this year, and it was not thought desirable, in 
view of the existing financial situation, to make 
two appeals for funds, the Sesqui-Centennial Com- 
mittee decided to appoint a sulxommitlec to take 
charge of the Fourth of July exercises, the head 
of which subcommittee being the Director of 
Puljlic Works, who has in past years had the 
supervision of the day's ]jrogram. 

"On November 25th. the city's birthday will 
be appropriately observed, an efficient subcom- 
mittee havmg been appointed to have special 
charge of the program for the day. 

"In order to make the whole celebration a fitting 
one, it will be necessar\- for citizens generally to 
contribute financial aid. It may be remarked 
that it is the idea of the committee, in view of the 
existing financial stringencv. to indulge in no un- 
necessary or tri\ial extravagances, but at the 
same time to endeavor to make the celebration 
such as will redound to the credit of the city, and 
one that will be not only beneficial to our people 
generally, but also interesting and instructive. 
•Knowing this, I have no hesitation, as ^layor and 
Chairman of the General Ses(|ui-Ccntennial Com- 
mittee, in now appealing to all good citizens of 
Pittsburgh to contribute according to their means 
to the fund required for the celebration and also 
to lend their personal aid to iht' work of tiie com- 
mittee generally. 

"Contriinitions may be .sent to Jolin 15. Jackson. 
Treasurer of the Sesqui-Centennial Committee. 
No. 343 Fourth Avenue. 

"I earnestly trust that the response to this 
appeal will be such as to insure a celebration 



commensurate with the dignity, greatness and 
histor}' of the city and one which every true and 
loyal Pittsljurgher may hereafter ever recall with 
proper ])ride. George W. Guthrie." 

HISTORY OF THE CELEBRATION 

The above proclamali(jn nut only very clearly 
set fcjrth the reasons for having the Sesqui-Cen- 
tennial celebration of Pittsburgh, but it also quite 
accurately outlined the form which it eventually 
took. Before it was issued, consideraljle pre- 
liminar}- work had been done. 

The idea of holding the Ses<|ui-Centennial cele- 
bration was first publicly advocated in an editorial 
written by Burfl S. Patterson on .\ovembcr 25, 
igo6, and printed in the "Pittsburgh Post" of the 
next morning. The article was during the next 
thirteen months followed by about fifty others by 
the same author in the same paper, all urging the 
holding of the celebration. During the summer 
and fall of 1907 Mr. Patterson, in personal inter- 
\iews and in writing, submitted to the officers and 
directors of the Chamber of Commerce detailed 
plans for the celebration. In March, 1908, he sub- 
mitted these plans to Mayor George W. Guthrie, 
who approved them, and a few days later had the 
matter Ijrought to the attention of City Councils. 

In Deceml)er, igo6, the Pittsburgh Chapter 
of the Daughters of the American Revolution, at 
the instance of the Regent, Mrs. Samuel .A. Am- 
mon. and Miss Julia Morgan Harding, ]jassed 
resolutions approving of the proposed celebration. 
Early in January, 1908, the Chapter requested 
Mayor Guthrie to take an interest in the cele- 
bration and a few days later he re]:)lied, asking for 
some suggestions, whicli were furnished to him 
about the first of April. 

On Monday evening, March .^oth, at the in- 
stance of Mavor Guthrie, Josei)h C. Wasson 
introduced in Common Council a re.'^olution . 
which was unanimouslv passed, providing tor 
the appointment of a committee of councils to 
act with a committee of citizens to arrange for 
the celebration. 



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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



The same evening, on the motion of WUliam 
H. Stevenson, the resolution was approved by 
Select Council. 

About three weeks later President William 
Brand of Common Council appointed the follow- 
ing members of that body to represent it on the 
committee: Joseph C. Wasson, Hugh Ferguson, 
Samuel McElroy, Charles Gulland, R. K. Coch- 
rane, George J. Kambach, Jacob Soffel, Jr. 

During the next week, Dr. E. R. Walters, Presi- 
dent of Select Council, appointed the following 
members of that body on the committee: William 
H. Stevenson, T. J. Hawkins, Richarfl Armstrong, 
I'. .\. Manion, Charles C. Kohne. 

On April 29th the committee of Councils met 
and organized by electing William H. Stevenson, 
Chairman, and Edward J. Martin, Secretary. 

On April 30th Mayor Guthrie, after consulta- 
tion w-ith Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Patterson, named 
a General Committee of Citizens to co-operate 
with the Committee of Councils. Subsequently, 
an agreement was reached h\- which both com- 
mittees were consolidated into one (ieneral Com- 
mittee with the understanding that the Chairman 
of the Councils Committee should be the Chair- 
man of the Executive Committee of the General 
Committee, and that the Councils Committee 
should be a subcommittee of the General Com- 
mittee and, in concert with the Ma\-or, should 
have full jurisdiction over all matters requiring 
the action of the city's lawmakers. 

The General Committee met in the Common 
Council Chamber on May 7, 1908. Mayor 
Guthrie called the meeting U) order and stated the 
(object of the committee to t)e to secure a suitable 
celebration of the city's one hundred and fiftieth 
birthday anniversary. The Maxor was elected 
chairman of the meeting and suggested that Purd 
S. Patterson act as temporary si'cretar\-. 

THE COMMITTEE ORGANIZED 

The Mayor, being called away by pressure of 
olTicial business, relinquished the chair to W. K. 
Shiras. A permanent organization was elTected 





by the election of the following officers: Chair- 
man, H. D. W. English; First \'ice-Chairman, 
Hon. James W. Brown; Second Vice-Chairman , 
II. J. Heinz: Third Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Samuel 
A. Ammon: Treasurer, John B. Jackson; Chair- 
man of the E.xecutive Committee, W. H. Steven- 
son; Secretary, Burd S. Patterson. 

The officers, Chairman of the E.xecutive 
Committee and Mayor were authorized to decide 
upon the plan and scope of celebration and to 
select necessary subcommittees. Meetings of 
the officers were held on May 7th and May nth 
in the Mayor's offiice. Mr. ICnglish liaving found 
it necessary to decline the chairmanship of the 
General Committee, Mayor Guthrie was elected 
to the position with the understanding that William 
H. Stevenson, Chairman of the Executive Com- 
mittee, should be the active executive officer and 
that the Mayor's duties as General Chairman 
should be chielly of an advisory character. This 
understanding was carried into effect and the 
result was highly satisfactory-. Mr. Stevenson 
proved to be a most capable executive ofiicer of 
the committee. He worked untiringly and effi- 
ciently. He was full of hel])ful suggestions and 
ever ready to listen to such from others. He 
was careful in approving expenditures and in- 
sisted upon the provision of the necessary means 
in advance of any appropriation being made. 
Mayor Guthrie was also very helpful not only 
as an adviser but in securing the co-operation of 
the Citv Councils and other officials and in per- 
forming the many dvilies and functions which 
developed upon him as ihe Chief E.xecutive of 
the city and Chairman of the General Committee. 

On Mav i()th a meeting of the orficers and 
chairman of the subcommittees was held in 
Select Council Chamber for the purpose of 
organizing the E.xecutive Committee. W. H. 
Stevenson was made Chairman of the Executive 
Committee and Burd S. Patterson, Secretary. 
Subsequently. A. J. Kelly, Jr., was chosen Vice- 
Chairman. In this capacity, and also as Chair- 
man of the Anniversary Day Committee, Mr. 

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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Kelly did notable work. Mr. li. 1). W. English 
accepted the chairmanship of the Subcommittee 
on Greater Pittsburgh Day with the understanding 
that one day of the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration 
should be so denominated. He stated that a 
fund of between S6,ooo and 87,000, whicli had 
been raised for the celebration of the creation of 
a Greater Pittsburgh bv the "Pittsburgh 
Dispatch" and the Chamber of Com- 
merce, would be used for the expenses of the 
Sesqui-Centennial Greater Pittsburgh Day 
Celebration. Thereafter the Executive Com- 
mittee met fre(|ucntlv. 

PLAN OF CELEBRATION' 

It was decided that the celebration should be 
in three parts. The first celebration was to be 
on Independence Day and Director of Public 
Works Alexander B. Shepherd was made Chair- 
man (jf the subcommittee having the celebra- 
tion in charge. The Sesf|ui-Centennia] Committee 
agreed to undertake this particular celebration, 
as it was not deemed advisable to have the 
Mayor issue two different appeals for funds 
at a time when business conditions were so 
unfavorable. 

Tile second part of the celebration, it was 
decided, should be held during the week Septem- 
ber 2 7th-October 3d when, it was believed, the 
weather would be favorable for outdoor demon- 
strations. The third part of the celebration was 
to be held on Xovember 25th. the 150th anniver- 
sary of the taking of I-'orl Duquesne and the 
naming of the site Port Pitt or Pittsburgh bv 
General John Forbes. 

'Phese plans were successfully carried out. 
They in\-olved the raising of 850,000 by the 
Executive Committee. Councils also appro- 
priated Sio,ooo for decorating \hv citv's 
main thoroughfares and |)ubiic buiUHngs, 
and 83,500 for the cit}' departments' lloats 
in the Greater Pittsburgh Day parade. The 
Greater Pittsburgh Day special fimd of 86,794.90 
was also exi)endc'(l. 



FINANCE COMMITTEE ORGANIZED 

On May 30th, James I. Buchanan, as Chair- 
man of the Subcommittee on Finance, selected 
about seventy members of this subcommittee, 
the selections being confirmed by Mayor Guthrie 
as Chairman of the General Committee. Sub- 
sequently the membership of the Finance Com- 
mittee was increased to one hundred. On June 
16th Mr. Buchanan having resigned as Chair- 
man of the Finance Committee. Colonel James 
M. Guflfey, who hatl l^een appointed Chairman 
of the committee, accepted the position and 
named Edward ]M. Bigelow as Mce-Chairman. 
It is but just to say that to Messrs. GulTev and 
Bigelow is due the credit for raising most of the 
money needed for the celebration. 

The Independence Day Committee having asked 
for an appropriation of Sio,ooo, and there being 
as yet no money collected by the Finance Com- 
mittee, and Chairman Guffey and \'ice-Chairman 
Bigelow having agreed to guarantee that the 
amount asked for would be forthcoming when 
needed, even if they had to personally supply it, 
the Finance Committee thereupon voted the ap- 
propriation as asked. Subsequently at the meet- 
ing of the Finance Committee, held July 3d. Mr. 
Bigelow, as Chairman of the Subcommittee on 
Corporations, reported that himself. Col. GutTey, 
and Mr. Buchanan had called upon Mr. A. C. 
Dinkey of the Unitrd States Steel Corporation and 
secured a promise of a subscription of 810,000 
from that organization, and also that the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad Company had subscribed 84,000, 
and tile Pitts])urgh Railways Company Si,ooo. 
Mr. P)igclow also reported having seen the Jones & 
Laughlin Steel Company, which later contributed 
82,500; the Pittsl)urgh & Lake Erie Railroad 
Company, which later contributed Si,ooo: and 
the Baltimore &: Ohio Railroad Companw which 
later gave Si, 000. II. C. Frick also contributed 
81,000. 

During the months of May and Jimc the various 
subcommittees of the Executive Committee were 
appointed and clTrctcd an organization. 




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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



The chairmen of these subcommittees were 
appointed by flavor Guthrie as Chairman of the 
General Committee. These subcommittee chair- 
men then proposed the names of the members of 
their respective subcommittees and they were 
approved by General Chairman Guthrie. The 
names of the various chairmen and other members 
of the subcommittees are given elsewhere. That 
the selections were wise is proven by the fact that 
every one of the subcommittees accomplished the 
work assigned in a most satisfactory manner. 

Headquarters for the committee were opened 
during the last week in June in the old rooms of 
the Chamber of Commerce, third floor of the 
Oliver Building, corner of Wood Street and Oliver 
Avenue. The use of the rooms was given rent free 
by the Chamber of Commerce which, although 
removed to other quarters in the Keenan Building, 
still held the unexpired lease on its former one. 
On August 1 3th, the headquarters of the committee 
were removed to the magnificent new Keenan 
Building, corner of Liberty Avenue and Seventh 
Street. Here the committee was domiciled in the 
great new room which occupies the whole fourth 
floor. 

The use of this room for over five months was 
generously given to the committee without cost 
by the proprietor of the building. Col. T. J. Keenan, 
who thus in fact became one of the largest in- 
dividual contributors to the committee. Col. 
Keenan also, as Chairman of the Subcommittee on 
Labor Interests on the Greater Pittsburgh Day 
Committee, rendered valuable services, in the per- 
formance of which he was greatly assisted by the 
Vice-Chairman of the Committee, John E. Haines. 
The Chamber of Commerce also generously per- 
mitted the use of its rooms, free of charge, for 
the meetings of the executive and subcommittees. 

INDEPENDENCE DAY CELE- 
BRATION 

The Independence Day subcommittee, although 
it had but a brief period for preparation, did its 
work so well that the people of Pittsburgh were 

(19) 



given a most notable celebration of the Nation's 
birthday on July 4, 1908. 
The general program was as follows: 

MORNING 

SCHENLEV P.ARK: 

Band concerts. 

Music Pavilion, Second Brigade Band, 10 a. m. to 12 

A. M. 

Panther Hollow, Boys' Brigade Band, 10 a. m. to 12 a. m. 
Snyder's Grove, Pittsburgh Miiitarj- Band 10 a. m. to 
12 A. M. 

Washington Park : 

Rocereto's Band, 10 .a. m. to 12 m. Patriotic E.xercises, 
sports and games, 10 a. m. 

McKixLEY Park: 

3Sth Ward. Hill Top, Patriotic exercises, 10 A. m. 

.\rsenal Park : 

Orthite's Military Band, 10 a. m. to 12 m. 

Patriotic e.xercises 10 a. m., including the reading of the 
Declaration of Independence ; addresses by Mayor George 
W. Guthrie and others; raising of flag donated by The 
Lawrenceville Board of Trade, and presentation of cannon. 

HoLLiDAY Park : 

Duquesne Heights. Patriotic E.xercises, g to 12 m. 
Band concert, Nirella's Band, 9 to 12 A. M. 

.A.FTERNOON 

Schexley Park: 

Band concerts. 

Music Pavilion, Second Brigade Band, 2 to 5 p. m. 
Schenley Oval, Boys' Brigade Band, 2 to 5 p. ii. Snyder's 
Grove, Pittsburgh Military Band 2 to 5 p. m. Spectacular 
Slide for Life, Panther Hollow Bridge. Balloon Ascension, 
Parachute Jump, Vaudeville. Race Track: 2 p. ii.. Horse 
races under the auspices of the Schenley Matinde Club, 
George W. Baum, president. 

Snyder's Grove. 

2 p. ii. Fancy Drill by thirty-four girls from'^the Sixth 
Ward Public School (North Side) under the direction of 
Prof. W. W. Shooks. 

2 i^o p. M. Flag Drill ; Barn Dance ; Exhibition by 
Kindergarten Children of Soldier Boy and Circle game; 
Baby Polka; Wand Drill and March ; Gypsy Dance; Sing- 
ing Game (Little Playmates); \'irginia Reel; Boys' Kite 
Flying Contest, by Children from Lawrence Park Play- 
ground and Gymnasium. 

Program arranged by the Pittsburgh Playground Associa- 
tion in conjunction with the General Committee. 

East Park (North Side, Elk's Fountain): 



N 





BURD S. PATTERSON 

Secretary of the General and Executive Sesqui-Centennial 

Committee 



S. C. LONG 
Chairman of Railroad and Transponation Sesqui-Centennial 
Committee 





MAJOR \V. H. DAVIS 
Chairman of Military and Parade Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



T. J. HAWKINS 
Chairman of Decoration Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(20) 



PITTSBURGHS SESQUI- CENTENNIAL 



American Military Band, 2 to 5 p. m. Daylight fire- 
works and vaudeville, 2 p. m. 

West Park (N'orth Side, Band Stand) : 

Grand Army Band, 2 to 5 p. m. X'audevillc, Punch and 
Judy, balloon ascensions, 2 p. 11. 

Bigham's Field (Duquesne Heights): 

Nirclla's Band, i to 5 p. m. Sports and games, i to 5 p. m. 

Ormsby Park (South Side) : 

Rocereto's Band, 2 to 5 p. m. Exercises and games. 

Arsenal Park : 

Orthite's Military Band, 2 to 5 P. M. 

McKiNLEY Park : 

Pennsylvania State Military Band, 2 to 5 p. ^^. 

i;\' i:\lXG 

ScHENLEY Park: 

Band Concert, Bunker Hill, Second Brigade Band, 7 to 
10 P. M. Grand disjjlay of fire\v(irks. Bunker Hill, .\mong 
the many devices was one re|) resenting (Greater Pittsburgh 
and another repre.senting the review of our battleship fleet 
in the Pacific. 

West Park (North Side) : 

Band Concert, Band Stand, American Military Band, 
7 to 10 P. M. 

The Mound, Grand .\rmy Band, 7 to lo i'. m. 

Grand display of fireworks, Seminary Hill. 

McKiNLEY Park: 

Band Concert, Penn.sylvania State Militarx- Band, 7 to 
10 P. .M. Grand display of fireworks. 

.\rse.\'al Park: 

Band Concert, Orthite's Military Band, 7 to 10 p. m. 
Grand display of fireworks. 

The above progfam was most successful!}- 
earned out under the general direction of Ale.x- 
ander B. Shepherd, Director of the Department 
of Public Works, whose services in this work 
were simply invaluable. Mr. Shepherd subse- 
quently performed very important work in jjlan- 
ning and preparing the exhibits of the various 
city departments in the (Greater Pittsburgh Day 
pararle. 

The entire cost to the Ses(|ui-Centennial Com- 
mittee of the Inflependencc Day Celebration was 
89,035.25, all of which was i)aid witliin a fort- 
night after the celebration had taken place. 

An interesting event of the flay was the dedi- 
cation in the morning, of the fountain designed 
1)V St. Caudeii-- and iTccIed bv the contriljUtions 



of many citizens of Pittsburgh in meinory of 
Christopher Lyman Magee in Schenley Park, 
at the entrance of the Carnegie Library. 

RAISING THE FUND 

While the summer vacation anrl the depressed 
condition of business militated very greatly against 
the work of preparing for the Sesqui-Centennial 
Celebration, nevertheless, during the months of 
July and August inuch was accomplished. At the 
beginning of September, all the committees having 
duties connected with the several parts of the 
celebration were fully organized and hard at work. 

The Finance Committee had a most arduous 
task and one which many tliought impossible 
of accomplishment — this was to raise 850,000. 

So well was the work of tire committee per- 
formed, however, tiiat tiie money needed was 
all subscribed and nearly all paid in before Sep- 
tember 27th, the day set for the begining of the 
second [jart of the celebration. Up to Septem- 
ber 2oth, about §27,000 had been secured by the 
Finance Committee. .Seiitembcr 23d was set aside 
as Sesqui-Centennial Contribution Day. Appeals 
for funds were made by Mayor Guthrie, 
Cliairman of the General Committee, Colonel 
James ^L GulTey, Chairman, and E. M. Bigelow, 
\'ice-Chairman of the Finance Committee, and 
William II. Stevenson, Chairman of the E.vecu- 
live Committee. The city was divided into dis- 
tricts and business men appointed to canvass 
them for funds, all the work being done voluntarily 
and without charge. .\s a result the balance 
needed was raised from subscriptions and the 
sale of tickets to the grand stand, the proceeds 
of which were over $3,000. R. B. Ward, Chair- 
man of the Merchants Subcommittee of the Fi- 
nance Committee, 1). McK. Lloyd, Chairman, 
and l\. J. Stoney, Jr., Secretary of the Bankers 
Sviiu-ommittee and 1-". R. Babcock, Chairman of 
tlu' Lumbermen's Subcommittee, did valuable 
work in raising funds, as did C. .\. Hlanchard, 
Chairman of the Subcommittee on Hotels and 
KestaiHMnts. and Chark'S ( ). Smith of the Grand 



(21 









II. W. NEELEY 
Chairman Mcrchanls' Auxiliary Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



COLONEL H. P. BOPE 
Chairman of Boys' Brigade Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





E. E. BOXXEVILLE 
Chairman of Hotel Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(22) 



F. J. FITZPATRICK 
Chairman Exposition Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



I^lT'rSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Stand Seat Selling 'Committee, II. W. Xceley, 
Marcus Rauh, George B. Edwards, and others. 
There were more than 700 subscribers to the 
general fund, the aggregate contributions being 
about S4q.ooo. 

The Invitation Committee, headed by W. K. 
Shiras, and of which H. C. Tinker was secre- 
tary, was charged with the duty of not only >i)i'- 
cially inviting distinguished guests from outside 
of Pittsburgh to attend the celebration, but also 
of e.xtending a general invitation to all former 
Pittsburghers resident elsewhere to revisit their 
old home citv during the festival week. This 
duty was thoroughly and satisfactorily performed. 
Invitations were sent to a large number of former 
Pittsburghers, many of whom \-isited the city 
during the celebration. Special invitations also 
were sent to representatives of the families of 
William Pitt, the first Earl of Chatham; of Gen- 
eral John Forbes; of General George Washington; 
of William Penn and of Mrs. Mary Schenley. 
Othir imitations were sent to Hon. Theodore 
Roosevelt, President of the United States; 
Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, Vice-President; 
Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Governor of Penn- 
sylvania; Hon. Robt. S. Murphy, Lieutenant- 
Governor; Hon. Samuel W. I'ennypacker, for- 
mer Governor; Hon. William H. Taft; Hon. 
William J. Bryan; Lieutenant-General S. B. 
M. \i)ung; j_Earl Grey, the Governor-General 
of Canada; Sir Wilfred Eaurier, Premier of 
Canada; Hon. J'I'it-'s Bryce. the English Am- 
bassador; M. Jusseraud, the French Ambas- 
sador; General Horace Porter, the Governors of 
New York, Ohio, Maryland, .Ww Jrrsty, Dela- 
ware, West Virginia, \'irginia, and Xorth Carolina: 
the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
States and of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; 
Unitefl States Senators and Representatives in 
Congress; .\djutant-General Thomas J. Stewart 
of Pennsylvania and members of the Governor's 
Staff; officers and members of the Pennsylva- 
nia Legislature which enacted the Greater Pitts 
burgh Law, and others. 

(2 



The Decoration Committee, headed by Thomas 
J. Hawkins, who worked with indefatigable 
energy and enthusiasm, harl a difiicult task. The 
sum provided for decorations by Councils was 
only Sicooo, and this was not made available 
until about three weeks previous to the celebra- 
tion. Nevertheless, the members of the committee 
worked so efficiently that they produced a Court 
of Honor which elicited the highest admiration 
of all who beheld it. This was formed bv a mag- 
nificent arch at Grant Street and Fifth Avenue, 
and a large number of ornamental pOlars extend- 
ing to Liberty Avenue, on which was another 
fine arch. The arches and pillars were decorated 
with historic pictures and figures and festooned 
with many thousands of electric lights. The 
Court of Honor was llironged everv night dur- 
ing the celebration and it was illuminated also 
for tlirce nights during the subsecjuent week. The 
Decoration Committee also had the chief pub- 
lic buildings handsomely decorated. The bus- 
iness establishments generally and manv pri\ate 
residences were also beautifully decorated. 

A committee, with William Le\-erett Jones as 
chairman, did good work in marking by signs 
and placards places of historic interest in the city 
during the week September 2 7th-October 3d. 
Xumerous merchants, in their window displavs. 
recalled the early history of the sites on which 
their establishments now stand. In this matter, 
and that of interesting the merchants generallv in 
the celebration, the Merchants' Auxiliary Com- 
mittee, of which H. W. Xecley was the highlv 
efficient chairman, did excellent work. 

The Chamber of Commerce had a trade ex- 
cursion of its members into West \"irginia in 
September. The party had a special train and 
wherever it went it distributed literature adver- 
tising the Sesqui-Centennial celebration and invit- 
ing the people to visit Pittsburgh during the 
week September 27th-October 3d. In that week, 
the Chamber of Commerce also had an in- 
bound merchants" excursion and many outside 
business men took advantage of the special fa- 

3) 






MRS. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE 
Chairman of Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Commiuee 



MRS. J.\MES W. BROWN 
Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 








MISS MARY L. J.\CKSOX 
Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(24) 



MRS. J.\.MliS I. KAY 
Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



cilities offered and visited Pittsburgh to make 
their purchases. 

GUESTS OF THE CITY 

During the week Suj^tember 2 7th-October 3d 
the Sesqui-Centennial Committee had as its guests, 
Miss Hester Louise Pitt Taylor and her niece, 
Miss ^ladeline Hester Pitt Taylor, direct descend- 
ants of William Pitt, the Earl of Chatham, through 
his daughter Hester, who was the wife of Charles 
\'iscount Mahon, Earl Stanhope. The pres- 
ence of these ladies was secured through ^Ir. C. 
E. E. Childers of the Invitation Committe, who 
arranged the matter while in England on a visit 
in June, 1908. Captain Walter William Pitt Tay- 
lor, of the rifle brigade, a brother of Miss Made- 
line, also expected to attend the Sesqui-Centennial 
Celebration on Xovember 25th, but was prevented 
from being present by being ordered to Egypt 
early in October. His father, Charles Pitt Ta}]or, 
who had also been invited, was unable to come, 
as were two others who had been asked, to wit: 
Earl Stanhope, a descendant of Lucy Pitt, aunt 
of Lord Chatham; and Mr. A. Pitt Rivers, head 
of the elder branch of the Pitt family. Lord Chat- 
ham having sprung from a junior l^ranch. 

Accompanying the Misses Pitt Taylor was the 
Hon. Eric C. F. Collier, whose grandfather, the 
first Baron Monkswell, while a member of the 
British Cabinet had evinced great friendliness 
towards the United States in the matter of the 
settlement of the Alabama Claims. 

The Sesfjui-Centennial Committee also had as 
its guests during the week Se])tembcr 27th-Oc- 
tober 3d Arther Forbes and his wife, of Edin- 
burgh, Scotland. Mr. Forbes is the descendant 
of Arthur Forbes, elder brother of General John 
F'orbes. The latter left no descendants. His 
brother Arthur was the owner of Pitlencrieff 
House, Dumfermline, Scodand, now owned by 
the Carnegie Tru.st of this place. Tlie jjresence 



of Mr. Forbes and his wife at the celebration was 
secured through the efforts of Dr. John Ross, 
head of the Carnegie Trust at Dumfermline. 

On their way to Pittsburgh Mr. and Mrs. 
Forbes stopped at Philadelphia and deposited 
a ^^Teath of Scotch heather from Dumfermline, 
the birth-place of General John Forbes, on the 
latter's grave in the yard of Christ Church. 

Another guest of the Sesqui-Centennial Com- 
mittee during the week September 2 7th-October 
3d was Miss Martha \\'ashington of Philadelphia, 
a descendant of George Washington's oldest 
full brother, Samuel Washington. AnotluT was 
Lieutenant General S. B. M. Young, a former 
Pittsburgher. Charles W. Fairbanks, Mce-Pres- 
ident of the United States, and Mrs. Fairbanks 
were guests of tlie committee on October i, 
and 2, as were Governor Edwin S. Stuart of 
Pennsylvania. Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. 
Murphy and wife, and General Horace Porter. 
Other guests were; Ex-Governor Samuel W. 
Pennypacker, Adjutant-General Thomas J. Stew- 
art, Judges S. L. Mestrezat and W. P. Potter, 
of the State Supreme Court, A. B. Miller, Secre- 
tary to Governor Stuart, and several members 
of the (i(:)\'ernor's staff. 

During their stay here the guests of the com- 
mittee were domiciled at the Hotel Schenley. 

-All the guests, without any exceptions, ex- 
pressed the greatest pleasure because of their 
treatment by the Reception Committee and the 
people of Pittsburgh generally. 

Regrets were received from Colonel Dugald 
Stuart and the Earl of Ranfurly, descendants of 
William IVnn, and from Lady Ellenborough, 
daughter of Mrs. Mary Schenley, and Lord Ellen- 
borough. .\lso from President Roosevelt, the 
Governor-General and Premier of Canada, the 
English and French .Ambassadors, Governor 
Charles E. Hughes, of Xew York, Hon. William 
H. Taft. Hon. William J. Brvan. and others. 



(25) 






A 



MRS. WILLIAM H. STEVENSON, 
Women's Reception Scsqui-Centennial Commillce 



MRS. H. D. W. ENGLISH, 
Women's Reception Scsqui Centennial Committee 





MRS. WM. J. HOLLAND. 
Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(26) 



MRS. JOHN G. HOLMES, 
Women's Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




V 




MlaS. JULIA HARDING 
Chairman of Women's Au.\iliar>' Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



MRS. A. J. KKLLV, JR. 
Women's Auxiliary Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





MISS AL1CI-: M. TIILRSTUX 
Women's Auxiliar)' Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



(27) 



MISS MARV A. GLKIM 
Women's Au.xiliarj- Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 





MRS. JAMES FRANCIS BURKE 
Woman's Auxilian- Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



MRS. F. R. BABCOCK 

Woman's Auxiliary Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



.-•^ ""^ 





MRS. SA.MUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
Woman's .\uxiliar\- Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(28) 



.MRS. ()LI\ER S. HERSHMA.V 
Woman's .-\uxiliarv Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




/ '^ <ki %.^ 





sr 



'%' 



MRS. J. R. MELLON 
Ladies' Auxiliary Scsqui-Centennial Committee 



MRS. J.AMES A. HENDERSON 
Cbaimian Ladies' Marine Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




iitrCO^E!^ 




MRS. ]. M. SCHOOXMAK.KR 
Ladies' Auxiliary Sesqui-Ccnlcnnial Committee 



MRS. GEORGE M. LEHNL\N 
Ladles' Marine Reception Scsqui-Centennial Committee 



(29) 




REV. MAITLAXD ALEXAXDER, D. D. 
Clergymen's Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 






REV. S. B. LINHART 
Clergymen's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



RIGHT REV. REGIS CANEVIX 

Bishop Diocese of Pittsburgh. Clergy- 
men's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




REV. S. EDWARD YOUNG 
Clergymen's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



REV. D. F. McGILL 
Clergymen's Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(30) 



SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1908 



Kdited by UK. S 

OPENING OF CELEBRATION 

Karly on Sunday morning, ScplL-mbcr 27th, 
there was a special ringing and chiming of church 
bells throughout the city, to note the beginning 
of the week's celebration Later in the morning 
there were special services in many churches and 
Sunday Schools. The Misses Pitt Taylor and 
Mr. Collier attended the services at Calvary 
Protestant Episcopal Church, where Bishop 
Cortlandt Whitehead preached a Sesqui-Centen- 
nial sermon. Mr. and Mrs. Forbes attended the 
Si.xth United Presbyterian Church. In the after- 
noon there was a general union service at the 
Xixon Theatre, in which ministers of the Pro- 
testant, Catholic and Jewish churches partici- 
pated. Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor of 
the University of Pittsburgh, presided. 'Phe 
guests of the city, tlu' Misses Pitt Taylor, Mr. 
and Mrs. P'orbcs and Hon. Eric Collier were 
also present. 




Ki:\'. .\. J. TL RKLK, D. D., 
Secrclary Commitlcc of Clergymen's Sesqui-Ccnicnnial Commiliec 



. B. Mccormick 

SUNDAY OBSERVANCE OF 
CELEBRATION 

The following order of ser\ice was used in the 
houses of worship in Pittsburgh, and in the Xi.xon 
rheatre, on Sunday, September 27, 1908, and was 
arranged by the Committee of Clergy appointed 
Ijy his Honor the jNIayor of Pittsburgh. Dr. S. 
B. McCormick was chairman. 

ORDER OF SERVICE 

r. Organ Voluntary. 
2. .\nthem, or Psalm c. 

All people that on earth do dwell, 
Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice ; 

Him gladly serve, His praise forth tell, 
Come ye before Him and rejoice. 

Oh enter llu-n His gates witii praise, 
Approacii with joy His courts unlo; 

Praise, laud and l)less His name always 
For it is seemly so to do. 

Know ye, the Lord is God indeed; 

Without our aid He did us make ; 
We are His (lock, He doth us feed; 

.\nd for His sheep He doth us take. 

Because the Lord our God is good, 

His mercy is forever sure; 
His truth at all limes firmly stood. 

And siiail from age to age endure. 

,V Invocation. 

4. Responsive reading. Rev. Carl August, Vose, D. D. 
The call to America: Gen. xii, i, 2. 

Xow the Lord said unto Ahram, Get thee out of thy 
country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's 
hou.se, unto a land that I will show thee. 

.\nd I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless 
thee, and make thy name great: and thou shalt be a 
blessing. 

5. Addresses by Rev. A. .\. Lambing, D. D., Rev. 
Daniel Dorchester. 1). D., and Rev. Joseph Leonard 
Lew, D. I). 



(31) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




ki;\-. CARL AUGUST VOSE, D. D. 
6. Anthem or Hymn, Psulm cxlviii. 

Praise the Lord from Heaven; 

High His glory raise — 
Bk'ss Him, all His angels. 

All His armies praise. 
Worship and adore Him, 

All His hosts of light; 
Gleaming sun and pale moon, 

Radiant stars of night. 

CHORUS 

Let them praise Jehovah, 
For His name is high, 

And His frame is glorious 
Over earth and sky. 

O ye heav'ns of heavens, 

Praise Jehovah's name; 
Clouds of waters drifting 

Through the starry frame. 
Praise the Lord .Mmighty, 

Whose divine decree 
Fixed you in your places 

To eternity. 

ClIORfS 

From tlie earth O praise Him. 

Floods and dragons all ; 
Fire and hail and vapors. 

Winds that hear His call. 
Fruitful trees and cedars. 

Hills and mountains high, 
Cree])ing things and cattle, 

Birds al)ove that lly. 

CHORUS 



7. Prayer and Benediction. Rev. William .\lonzo 
Stanton, D. D. 

CATHOLICISM 

Address delivered in the Nixon Theatre Sunday after- 
noon, Sept. 27, 1908, by Rev. A. A. Lambing, LL. D. 

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

The natural advantages of the location of our 
city, its civil history and material progress are 
so apt to engage the attention of the student of 
our past history and force themselves on the 
notice of the observer of our present prosperity 
as to make him imagine that we think of little else 
besides coal, smoke, steel and glass. These 
indeed receive suflicient attention, perhaps too 
much, comparatively speaking, but inasmuch as 
they will be treated of by other speakers during 
the course of this celebration I shall not refer to 
them. Leaving their discussion to those who are 
more familiar with them than I am, let me ven- 
ture a few remarks on the religious history of the 
Greater Pittsburgh. 

The heralds of the Gospel floated down the 
Allegheny in the canoe of the earliest French 
explorers or followed the bridle path of the first 
adventurers across the "Allegheny Hills" with 
as ardent a longing and a more earnest zeal to win 
souls for their Divine Master than the Indian 




Ri:V. A. A. LAMBIXG, LL. D. 



(32) 



PIT'J^SBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



trader had to accumulati.' wealth. Kdigion came 
han<l in hand with exploration, settlement and 
civilization: and while it could not always stay 
the arm of violence it offered its peaceful and con- 
solin<^ ministrations to both friend and foe. The 
Jesuit Father Joseph Peter Bonnecamps accom- 
panied Captain Louis Celoron's expedition down 
the rivers in the summer of 1749, celebrated mass 
just below the mouth of Red Bank Creek, an;ain 
near .Springdale, and al Logstown, eighteen 
miles below the forks of the Ohio. The Recol- 
lect I\e\-. Denys Baron came flown the Alle- 
gheny with Contrecoeur's llotilla in April, 1754, 
and remained as chaplain of Fort Duquesnc, offi- 
ciating in the chapel of Our Lady of the Assump- 
tion at the Beautiful River, till the French with- 
drew in November, 1758. And when the English 
army under General John Forbes took possession 
of the smouldering ruins of the French strong- 
hold, Xovember 2^. 1758, they were accompanied 
by the Rew Charles Beattv, wlio oflicialed tlie 
next day, and preached a sermon in which he 
called upon his hearers to return thanks to the 
God of armies for their bloodless victory. And 
Irom that day to this, on which we celebrate the 
sesqui-centennial of tliat important event, relig- 
ion has been in the forefront with its purifying, 
elevating and ennobling inlluenccs, as our many 
spacious, elegant and costly churches, and our 
well e(|uipped eflucational and charitable insti- 
tutions bear ample witness. How many zealous, 
learned and untiring ministers of the various 
religious (K-nominations labored in our midst 
until the time came for them to hi\' down the 
burden of life, or until tlie\- were called to other 
and more fruitful lields. 

Inasmuch as the church of which 1 haw the 
pri\ilege of ])eing a priest was the first on the 
ground and has now attaint'd proportions that 
may surprise many among you, it may not be 
out of place for me to speak of it as alTording at 
least one instance and one evidence of the growth 
of religion in the Greater Pittsburgh. 1 have given 
very close attention to our ( i\il and ii'ligious his- 

( 



tor_\- for more than thirty-five years, and I llatter 
myself that I am familiar with it. Permit me, 
then, to present the following statistics of the 
Catholic religion in the Greater Pittsburgh. Other 
speakers, I have no doubt, will be able to present 
figures that will show a steady and substantial 
increase both in the material prosperity and the 
numerical growth of their respective denomina- 
tions. Let me remark, however, that we count 
all persons of whatever age who are baptized as 
members of the church; I'or we believe that 
chiUlren of the tenderest age have souls to be 
saved as well as those who have attained maturer 
years. There are now laboring in our city one 
Bishop and 211 priests. There are one Cathe- 
dral, 67 churches, many of which are spacious 
and elegant, and ig large chapels, in religious, 
educational and charitable institutions. And in 
our parochial schools are educated 23,022 children, 
for which we do not receive one cent from the city 
or State; at the same time, while we pay our quota 
of taxes for the maintenance of the public scliools. 
The Catholic population of the greater city, as 
nearly as it can be estimated, for a part of it is 
necessarily fluctuating, especially at this time, is 
about 154,000, worshiping in churches of nine 
different languages. I might give many more 
details of our Church history from the days of 
Bonnecamps and Baron to the present time, as 
well as of our numerous and well equipped and 
conducted religious, charitable and reformatory 
institutions, but I am unwilling to trespass further 
on your patience or encroach on the time of tho.se 
who are to come after me. 1 will, therefore, con- 
clude l)v thanking )ou for vour kind attention 
to mv brief remarks. 

THE SOUL OF THE CITY 

.•\ddre.ss hy Rev. Daniel Dorchester, p.istor of Christ 
Methodist Church. 

.\ few years ago there was a book ])ublished in 
this city with the title "Tin' Inside History of 
Carnegie Steel Company." it is an interesting 
account of merging dilTerent interests, the devel- 




(34) 



PITTSBURGH 



S E S (^ U I - C E N T E N N I A L 




\<\:\\ IJAMLL UUKCHKSTKR 

opmcnt, industrial processes and comljinations, 
until one company took, to water and emerged as 
the United States Steel Corporation, with a capi- 
tal of a billion dollars. 

But this Sesqui-Centennial celebrates a far more 
wonderful "Inside History." For every great 
city, like an individual, has a soul as well as a 
body. Running through all her mati-rial actixities, 
her arts and sciences, her schools and churches, 
is the spirit that animates her citizens and deter- 
mines her development and destiny. This spirit 
persists through all the vicissitudes of time and 
fortune, links the past to the present and makes 
the future. 

The soul of a city has the same qualities, motives 
and purposes that an individual lias: it has the 
same struggle between intelligence and ignorance, 
industry and idleness, \irluc and xicr. i'lu- lilv 
has a will and the alTirmalion of that will becomes 
law for the community; it has a vocation, the 
maintenance oi moral order despite the malign 
forces that ever seek to corrupt and disintegrate 
humanity. 

Every city ought to have its own personality: 
it ought to stand for something distinct, individual, 
characteristic, — for some spiritual achievements 
as well as for industrial triumphs. Every city 



ought to be, as John Milton said, " One huge Chris- 
tian personage, one mighty growth or stature of 
an honest man, as big and compact in virtue as in 
body: for look, what the ground and causes are of 
single happiness to one man, the same ye shall iind 
them to a whole state." 

\\V all \n\v Pittsburgh, not Ijecause we were 
born here, for most of us were not, not because it 
is a good place to make money and gain a liveli- 
hood, but because of what she has achieved, what 
she is, and what she may become. Man and 
nature have been happily married here, brawn 
and science have toiled together and accomplished 
wonders. We admire her sturdy independence, 
her thrift and magnificent enterprise. Her story 
is like that of many heroes whom the world glori- 
fies, "a russet-coated epic." Xo beginning could 
have been more humble, more discouraging than 
Pittsburgh's. In 1784 Arthur Lee wrote: "Pitts- 
burgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and 
Irish, who li\e in pallr\' log houses. There are 
in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not 
a priest of any persuasion, nor church, nor chapel 
so that they are likely to be damned without the 
iH'nefil of clergy. The place, I believe, will never 
be very considerable." 

To-day Pittsburgh is the foremost industrial 
city of the world, and is rapidly attaining real civic 
grandeur. She is hospitable to all sorts and con- 
ditions of men. What I^avard Tavlor said of 
.America in his centennial ode at I'hiladelphia is 
true of Pittsburgh: 

•' I III- (lermany dwells her ijy a i^eiuler Kliiiu'. 
IKr Ireland sees the old sunljurst .shine. 
Her 1-rance pursues some dream divine, 
Ilrr Itiily waits liy the western lirine." 

.\n(l broad based under all is old Mother Eng- 
land's oaken hearted mood, the country of Wil- 
liam i'ilt, whom we gratefully honor to-day. 

Pittsburgh lias a goodly measure of freedom, 
enjoyed by each citizen, and no less readily 
accorded to his neighbor, she has a certain degree 
of fellowship in work and play, as well as of help- 
fulness in times of need. She has a mighty, ever- 



(35) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



expanding spirit of xij^orous democratic manhood there are tlie very fragments of humanity for 

and womanhood. Despite all that carping critics which the Roman patrician felt such disdain, 
may say the heart of her people is sound and pure. The foes of a city are the foes of the individual. 

A rich soil grows some rank and poisonous weeds, Mr. ^^'illiam Watson, the poet, visited Liverpool 

but these do not impugn its fertility and should not the other day and voiced his reflections in a poem, 

hide from \\l-\v its blessed products. Pittsburgh The poem Ijegins with a recognition of the cit_\-'s 

surpasses most cities in benevolence as truly as in greatness and cosmopolitan character. 



her tonnage. Almost every great educational 
and philanthropic cause, even in the remotest 
corners of the earth, has been generously helped 
by her sur])lus wealth. Hundreds of prosperous 
churches proclaim the blessed fact that religion, 
which glorifies the Jew, the Catholic and the 
Protestant, as nothing else docs, has built her 
temples here and is exercising her regenerating 
power. 

Our greatest weakness here in Pittsburgh is 
that of all cities: we have not soul enough; we 
have not an adequate sense of our organic unity, a 
sufticiently lively consciousness of our corporate 
personality and responsibility. We are only be- 
ginning to realize the mighty power of a master- 
ful public opinion to utilize our resources and 
opportunities fot tlie greatest civic welfare. The 
higher life of the city is the expression of all her 
activities, commercial, educational, artistic, so- 



"Citv of merchants, lords of trade and gold 
Traffiickers great as they that bought and sold 
When ships of Tarshish came to Tyre of old." 

But the poet's eye rested not on its material 
splendor, but on its manifest miscrv. 

" City of festering streets by Misery trod 
Where half-fed, half-clad children swarm unshod. 
While thou dost rear thy splendid fame to God." 

O, rich in fruits and grains and oils and ores 
And all things that the feastful earth outpours. 
Yet lacking leechcraft for thy leprous sores! 

Heal thee betimes, and cleanse thee, lest in ire 

He whom thou mock'st with pomp of arch and .spire 

Come on thee sleeping, mth a scythe of fire. 

This picture is as true of Pittsburgh as it is of 
Liverpool. Our city is one of abounding wealth, 
elegant homes, magnificent churches and also a 

"City of festering streets by Misery trod 
Where half-fed, half-clad children swarm unshod." 



cial and religious, co-ordinated into one organic 

whole. The larger life of e\'ery citizen is bound And these, the wealth, the religion and the misery, 

up for weal or woe with the life of the city, just are parts of one organic whole, 
as the hand or foot is with the human body. We arc all members one of another. When one 

There are many men who are \'ery successful in member suiters, all the members sufter with it. 

the scramble for individual gain who have no It matters not how high the head of the social 

cixic life. They are residents, not citizens; they organism towers, or how prosperous her indus- 

deser\e the reprobation expressed by Shake- tries and sumptuous her social life, she cannot 

speare in his play when Caius Marcius turns to the be strong and healthy; she cannot advance so 

crowd in Rome and denounces them as the de- long as her feet are sinking deeper and deeper into 

tached and disorganized rabble in whom there is the mire. It is a most humiliating contrast that 

nothing of the organic unity of tlie ijeojjle, using society presents to-day ; the so-called upper classes 

these scornful words, "Go, get you home, you organized for efficiency, given every adwantage 

fragments!" A rabble always acts apart from to win the prizes of life while below them in the 

the organization of the whole. It may be a poor social scale are what has been termed "the three 

or a wealthy rabble, moxed l)y des]>eralion or by ragged regiments, the badly employed, the unem- 

greed, but wherever there are men seeking their ployed and the unemployable," who arc without 

own interests rather than the welfare of the city, any organization or training, left to grope their 

(36) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 



dim and perilous way under tlu- lonvoy of alien 
and merciless forces. 

Every city utterly fails of lier mission tliat docs 
not provide that prime essential of a democracy. — 
equality of opportunity for all the people to li\e 
self-respecting lives and fit themselves to meet the 
exacting demands of advancing civilization. 
This is a stupendous work; it will ta.x the wisdom, 
the sympathy and the resources of the commu- 
nity to the utmost. It means among the many 
things that I cannot even name, better housing 
in the slums — such transformations as have 
been made in Xew York and so many of the 
European cities; it means the mothering of the 
weak and tlie unfortunate, making tliem hopeful 
and aspiring: it means the mutiplication of 
manual training and trade schools, the largest 
possible equipment and extension of our public 
school system, and crowning all, a university 
such as Cincinnati and Xew York have, main- 
tained by public funds. 

It is incumbent upon the city to saw the lowest 
from sinking into ignorance, pauperism and crime, 
and also to furnish tlie means whereby lier most 
gifted sons and daughters may climb to the high- 
est efficiency and attain that culture which en- 
riches humanity as nothing else does, save religion. 

Prof. Lawton, speaking in Brooklyn of the 
value of higher education to the city, calls atten- 
tion to the fact that "most of the best recruits 
for the learned professions, a small but priceless 
percentage of men of exceptional talent must be 
drawn for each generation from tlie vigorous 
class of moderate means and limited home culture. 
We sift the broken sands of Arctic rivers for grains 
of yellow metal. .Shall we let run to waste the 
infinitely more precious radium of genius, or even 
the gold of rare talents and special aptitudes?" 

"They can go elsewhere," you say, to complete 
their education. Some cannot. Others can and 
will, and in that ca.se often will remain away. 
Is the incoming flood of immigrants so enlightencfl. 
so lofty in its purpose, that we can alTord as a 
permanent civic policy to drain away the most 



ambitious and i)rominent youths each and every 
year, — • to confess that Pittsburgh has no higher 
culture to give them? 

.\bout 1S20 to 1830 in tlie village streets of 
Cambridge played children called Ollie Holmes, 
Jimmie Lowell, Tom Higginson. Charlie X'orton. 
Wlio can estimate what Harvard University did 
to give form and pressure to tho.se young aspiring 
lives and the significant contributions that those 
youths, when grown to manhood, made to Amer- 
ican life and letters. 

There is al)undant evidence that a university is 
of great commercial value to the community. I 
will content myself \y\ih a single example. Among 
the distinguished professors in Harvard University 
during the last century was Louis Agassiz who, 
when olTered S500 a night to lecture, refused, say- 
ing that he was too busy to make money. But he 
was not too busy to spread the knowledge of 
natural science in this country perhaps more 
widely than any other man. Among his pupils 
was his only son, Alexander, who several years 
later was called to examine the Calumet and 
Ilecla copper mine when it was about to be aban- 
doned. .\gassiz, by his superior knowledge of 
geology and chemistry, discerned its enormous 
wealth. By following his advice that mine became 
marvellously productive. It has paid one hun- 
dred million dollars in dividends and is likely to 
pav as much more. 

Knowledge is wealth as truly as power. In 
every development of commercial and professional 
acti\ity there is a crying demand not so much for 
narrow technical efiiciency as for men of broad 
knowledge, who have been trained to discern the 
deep underlying principles that govern human 
alTairs. Our economics is provincial and jx.'tty. 
.\ dangerously large proportion of our commercial 
civic and national affairs has been Ixidly managed. 
Nature has provided an abundance sufficient to 
give every man, woman and child food, clothing 
and shelter. But we have been so short-sighted, 
selfish and wasteful that millions are perilously 
near destitution, and everv dav thousands of little 



(37) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



fingers are compelled to let go the slippery edge 
of existence. 

A rising German statesman said the other day 
to an American in Berlin: 

"Your country has a situation in the world to 
which our German location is insignificant; you 
have resources to which our German resources 
are just nothing at all. Yet we compete with you 
in the markets of the world. We are able to do 
this because every bit of energj' is carefully or- 
ganized, none goes to waste. Every ounce of muscle, 
everv volt of ner\-e and brain power is devoted to 
specific ends along lines of least resistance. 

"On the contrarv, much as \o\\ boast of vour 



In conclusion, let mc refer to an old Scottish 
custom. In the old border wars of Scotland, the 
tidings of uprisings and the summons to arms 
were carried by the fiery cross. One runner took 
it and went at full speed to a certain point, telling 
the news as he went and then gave it to another 
who ran on in like manner. It was not for the 
messenger to whom that summons came to sit 
do^^•n and prepare for the defense of his own house 
and the protection of his flocks and herds. He 
must take the cross and run to the next stage. 

The cross that this generation has to bear down 
to the next is equality of opportunity for every 
member of the community and the best possible 



organization, you do not organize at all. What training for life and service. That which is most 

precious in our civilization has come from the 
self-sacrifice of past generations for some higher 
good. Our sacrifices must be not merely for 
business, party or church, but to bring all the 
God-given powers of humanity under gracious 
discipline and banish everything that desecrates 
and wastes man's precious substance of character. 
Thus the soul of Pittsburgh will divinely grow 



success you have is due to the incomparable rich- 
ness of your country and to the sheer strength of 
your people. You waste, waste — everywhere 
vou waste. Take a familiar illustration. ^Ve 
make land otherwise absolutely worthless pay 
enormously by scientific forestry; you cut your 
forests down like vandals in order that a few men 
mav get rich in a few vears. Thus a great deal 



of what should be perpetual wealth is lost to you; and become meet for the progressive indwelling 
vour streams are dried up and your country loses of God. 
incalculable millions bv an almost barbarous 



lack of sensible management. Your activity is 
not the development of recourses ; it is the destruc- 
tion of resources. \\'ith us it is the contrary. 
Our resources are small, but they are conserved, 
nourished, made the most of; and, though they 
yield hundreds of percent more in proportion 
than yours do, instead of diminishing them we 
increase them." 

Let us take to heart this severe criticism of that 
Cierman states man and be mindful of the fact that 
though Germany is comparatively poor she pours 
out money like water upon her universities and 
schools and is thus able not onlv to train her own 



ADDRESS 

By Rabbi J. Leonard Levy, D. D., in the 
Nixon Theatre, September 27, 1908 

It is good to invoke the spirit of the past when 
it is associated with distinguished names and deeds 
of merit. It is a source of benediction to recall 
the services of the brave pioneers who blazed 
the way to civilization and to place upon their 
tombs the wreath of gratitude wo\"en by those 
who enjoy the privileges for which the ciders 
strove so faithfully and with so much courage. 
The living profit by every deed inspired by 
considerations of moral value, and the services 
to-day are a tribute to the ennobling spirit of the 



people to the highest efliciency, but draw students present as well as to the unforgetable services of 

from all over the world. She is revolutionizing the past. 

economics because she has had the superior sense The name of our city is in itself a glowing 

to put man in the centre of her commercial system memorial of an inspiring figure of a former age: 

and enthrone human life above property. its varied and various accomplishments are a 

(38) 



PITTSBURGH'S S E S Q L' 1 - C E N T E X N I A L 




R.\BBI J. LF.OX.\RD LEVY. Jj. D. 
Vice Chairman Clcrgr Comminee 

monument to his high sense of justice and to his 
unquenchable love of liberty. We do well to 
recall his name and to hold it before the youth of 
our day as a source of high idealism and lofty 
patriotism. But Pittsburgh represents the accom- 
pUshment not of one man. nor of one set of men. 
It is a tribute to the industr)-. the sobriety, the 
ability, the forethought, the faith of the hundreds 
of thousands who have given of their brain and 
brawn and spirit here. 

But the past, inspiring as it may be. is not the 
whole of the stor}- of Pittsburgh. It is but the 
prelude of a great future, of the better and nobler 
things yet to be accomplished. Advancing age 
may point to ingenuous youth the figure of the 
centur}' and a half old city: but it wnll also direct 
its finger toward the days that are to be. wherein 
our descendants may find a full fruition of the 
efforts of to-day. In justice to the succeeding 
generations of men who shall inhabit this great 
hive of industr}. we must add our quota to the 
work already done, so that Pittsburgh may go 
from strength unto strength. 

Pittsburgh has grown materially rich. Its 
industries supply a world's needs. To the ends 
of the earth trnn-;rxirtation companies Inar the 



fruit of the community's toil. The little British 
outpost of the middle of the eighteenth century 
has become the world's industrial center in the 
beginning of the twentieth century. The per 
capita wealth of our citizens is said to be among 
the greatest in the world. Our pride is stirred as 
we realize the strength, and might, and power, of 
Pitt's Fort of 1748. now the great dty of Pitts- 
burgh of 1908. 

But we must not measure the true wealth of a 
city in terms financial and industrial. I know 
that the tonnage of this district is the greatest in 
the world, and that our banks have surpluses sur- 
prisingly large. But I am wear}* of the idle boast 
that speaks everlastingly of our material growih. 
We hear nothing but Tonnage! Tonnage!! Ton- 
nage !!! as if men lived by tonnage alone. Sad 
indeed must be the lot of a city that can find little 
but its tonnage to boast of. It is essential that 
we must hear more of justice and righteousness 
in Pittsburgh. Economic advantages are great, 
but they become only of lasting worth as they 
become converted from the raw material into the 
finished product of social right and humane 
promptings. We must never forget that it is not 
tonnage and bank surpluses that will estabUsh 
Pittsburgh's claim to public esteem; it is rather 
the qualities of soul, and heart and mind mani- 
fested in the daily life of Iter citizens. 

Our progressive, material development has 
brought this city into the glare of a publicity 
which is not alwa}-s complimentary. Many are 
they who look upon us with eyes not so pure that 
they do us justice. Up and down the land the 
name that Pittsburgh is said to have gained is 
"A City of Scandals." Wherein does this city dif- 
fer from her sister municipalities that they have 
assumed the right to cast the first stone? But 
a ■' tu quoque" argument is no defense. Let it be 
granted for argument's sake that one-tenth of the 
population of our city is not marked by those 
graces of character which are the distinguishing 
signs of the truly ci\nlized: the remaining ninety 
per cent must not be blamed for the disagreeable 



(39) 



I^ITTSBURCiH'S SES QUI- CENTENNIAL 



publicity gained by an insignificant minority. 
Pittsburgh, in point of fact, is a city of the Lord, 
where the people are led by a pillar of cloud by 
day and a pillar of fire by night. Li due time 
we shall reach a Land of Promise. In the days 
that lie before us we shall prove that we are worthy 
of the name of the man in whose honor Pittsburgh 
was named. In due time we shall take our place 
among the progressive communities of the land 
which arc adding to the well-being and advance- 
ment of the race. 

One step in that direction is taken here to-day. 
This meeting is significant of the really great 
Pittsburgh that is to grow on the ground where 
the British fought the battle of civilizing pioneers 
in the days tiiat are past and gone. Here are 
assembled men and women of all creeds, colors, 
countries and conditions to lift their voices to the 
same God, induced to lay wreaths of gratitude 
on His altar for the benefits He has showered on 
all. Where, in all the world, is such a scene possi- 
ble, except here in this land of liberty? (Turn- 
ing to the bo.xes in which were assembled the 
guests from England, the Rabbi said): Go back 
after many days to my mother country and tell 
your friends what you have seen here! Tell them 
that you have witnessed an event of more than 
passing value! Tell them that you saw Protes- 
tant, Catholic and Jew participate in the same 
religious service, offering thanks and praise to 
the .same God. llu- I-"ather of all of them! Tell 
them you witnessed what the Old \\'()rl{l has not 
yet been able to achieve, and tell them that this 
is significant of the new life in the \ew World, 
where men are judged b\- their qualities as cit- 
izens, where men are brethren in the same uni- 
versal Father, where patriotism binds men into a 
great family reunion. 

In the joy of the occasion, let us not forget 
that we are a part of a great nation. This is one 
of the many cities and communities, all of which 
go to make the land we love. If Pittsburgh is to 
desen-e the future l^lcssings we invoke for it, she 
must be true to the ideals of the Republic of which 



we are a part, ^^'e have expressed our hai)piness 
by unfolding to the wind, at the request of the 
local constituted authorities, the national and civic 
colors. What will these signify but an idle and 
sterile demonstration if w-e limit our satisfaction 
that we have been spared so long to a mere piece 
of yellow and black, or red, white and blue bunt- 
ing? Shall it be said by the visitor that our civic 
colors of black and yellow signify the color of our 
reputation, and bear testimony to the streak of 
'"yellow" said to be characteristic of our public 
and private morals? Or shall it be said by the 
stranger that these colors bear reference to the 
black mineral which abounds in this region and 
from which so much yellow gold is added to the 
local wealth ? Or shall it not rather be said that 
our civic colors bear reference to the black bigotry, 
the black ignorance, the black bitterness of the 
past, and to the golden dawn of the new era which 
Pittsburgli is about to do her share to advance? 

That golden age is certain of speedy approxi- 
mation if we give due lieed to the message that 
comes to us from the Hags witli which we have 
decorated our city, the national colors which meet 
our eyes on every side. Our Republic was not 
called into existence tiiat great fortunes might be 
built rapidly, or that vast industries might be de- 
veloped speedily, or that political parties might 
exercise unspeakable corruptions. Tlie Republic 
of the United States was not created that her 
citizens might liave more food and wear better 
clothes than the citizens or subjects of other lands. 
.\merica was not formed that men might erect 
more beautiful homes, adorned with more beau- 
tiful draperies than elsewhere. America was 
called into existence that she might become a 
beacon light upon a high hill, that every nation 
looking hilherward might gain hope from the 
experiences of this Republic; lliat tlirough it 
the cause of lil)LTlv would l)e fostered and every 
child of man be lifted up. 

This, I take it, is the idea expressed by the 
beautiful emblem with which we ha\-e decorated 
our citv for this occasion. Tlie national emblem 



(40) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CEXTENNIAL 



symbolizes the most uplifting ideal ever conse- 
crated by a nation's political belief and ethical 
hopes; for the red. the white, the blue and the 
stars on our llag indicate the mission of the Ameri- 
can people. The "Red" cmblemizes the ideal 
of progress taught by Rome, who. in her attempt 
to introduce to the work! a "Government by law," 
wallowed in red streams of human blood; who 
left us a lofty political doctrine, but who warned 
us to avoid her cruel and heartless methods. 
The "White" speaks of tlie white or peaceful 
arts of Circcce, the land of culture, which taught 
the w(jrld music and poetry, and painting, sculp- 
ture, and architecture, which gave to the world 
the high philosophical concepts which still rule 
the world of learning; which has helped man so 
richly by its cultural influence; which has made 
dark places bright, and converted the blackness 
of barbarism and ignorance into the white light 
of aesthetic beauty and wholesome refinement. 
The "Stars" on the flag, re])resenting the individ- 
ual States comprising the nation, is the most im- 
portant feature of our national emblem. Remove 
what you will from the flag, the stars must remain; 
for without the States the United States cannot be. 
This picture of the component parts of the national 
government typifies the Star of Israel, the people 
of anticjuity whose emblem was a star, symbol of 
the hope preached on the hills of Palestine and 
amid the vineyards of Judea; it is exponential 
of the star of Religion which has come to the west- 
ern world through the inlluence of the sacred 
Scriptures borne from Palestine. Rome's idea 
of government by law; the arts of Greece; the 
religion of the Scriptures, these the .\merican 
l)eople are to take to the world. For the " blue" 
indicates the sky that domes the earth, ami ])ostu- 
lates .\merica's destiny to bear these ideals as far 
as heaven's blue covers this footstool of God. 

Nay more, this flag denotes the ultimate pur- 
pose of America's existence, the introduction of 
the universal day of liberty. For tiie day will 
yet dawn on earth when all men will be blessed 
by the power of .America's exami)Ie. The day 

(4 



will come when even the prisoner sighing in the 
dark dungeon of Russia will lift up his voice in 
gratitude that America has been. The day will 
yet be when the nations at the remotest ends of 
the earth will understand that governments gain 
the right to govern from the consent of the gov- 
erned; that all men are endowed with inalienable 
rights which governments defy at their peril; 
that the children of God were created to be free; 
that ofl'icers of the government are ser\-ants of 
the people, not their masters; that the will of the 
people is the ultimate source of governmental 
authority. The day of eternal liberty, thus under- 
stood, will )ct dawn over all the earth, and America 
is to speed its coming. Its advent is foretold by 
the starry banner of this nation. The "White" 
stripes represent the light of morning, while the 
"Blue" indicates the sky at nocnday, without a 
cloud: the "Red" portrays the light of the setting 
sun, and the "Stars" symbolize the scintillating 
glories of the heavens that gleam and glisten and 
glitter like a necklace of gems on the duskv bosom 
of night. Morning, noon, eventide, night, — the 
day of universal freedom is suggested by the flag, 
the whole day, even the day of universal freedom, 
is suggesteil by the flag, the emblem of the 
free .American nation. 

In celebrating the one hundred and fillielh 
birthday anniviTsary of our citv we must not 
fail to remember that in the welfare of the nation, 
our city will fare well; that in our power to convert 
our opportunities for moral growth into civic 
righteousness lies the greatest service we can 
render our fellow-citizens. It is righteousness 
that exalteth a nation, not ships, and soldiers, and 
commerce, and industries. Great as these may 
be, they are only a "jewel in the snout of a hog" 
if they lead not to the lifr righteous. Xo bet- 
ter resolution can be framed as a birlhdav 
determination than that we shall, in Pittsburgh, 
strive to do our duty to make the ideals for which 
AnH'rica stands the primiples that animate us in 
daily living; no more glorious tribute can be paid 
to the spirit of the founders than that we shall 





PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



strive for what they strove, struggle for the liberty 
in behalf of which they gave their lives, and live 
by the light of the great ideals and ideas they 
bequeathed to us. 

It has been said that the battle of Waterloo 
was not won in 1S15, but in the schools of Rugby 
and Eton long before, when the youth of England 
were trained and disciplined by able instructors. 
The work of to-day must have been anticipated 
by the preparation of many yesterdays. Listen- 
ing to a performance by an orchestra of some 
fifty pieces, we hear the effect of at least ten years' 
work of each performer. In other words, the 
orchestra selection represents five hundred years 
of toil. The American child is the incarnation 
of twice ten thousand years of human effort. All 
that occupies the best thought of to-day is devoted 
to the welfare of tlie succeeding generation. Our 
celebration is designed, in its last analysis, to 
impress the child. If we train our young to 
properly fill a rightful place in the economy of 
international life; if we guide ihcm Ijy the inspir- 
ing themes which such a day as this suggests; if 
we indicate to them that there liave been other 
Republics before ours which crumbled because 
justice and equity were not performed, but that 
we must a\-oid the mistakes of those who thus 
invited destruction in the past, we may feel meas- 
urably certain that, in course of time, the ideal 
type of manhood and womanhood will appear 
on this continent, and the child of even the re- 
motest generation of our poeple will have reason 
to sav, "Thank (iod, I, too, am an .American." 

THE BEGINNINGS OF PITTSBURGH 

A Sermon by the Rt. Rev. Cortlandt White- 
head. S. T. D., Bishop of the Diocese of 
Pittsburgli, in Calvary Church, 
September 27, 1908. 

Let us now praise famous men, and our fathers 
that begat us. The Lord hath wrought great 
glory l^y them through His great power at the be- 
ginning . . . .\11 these were honored in their 
generations, and were the glory of thiir time. 

(4 




RT. RKV. CORTLAXDT WHITEHE.M), S. T. D. 

There be of them that have left a name behind 
them that their praises might be reported. . . 
Their bodies are buried in peace, but their name 
liveth forevermore. The pco]jle will tell of their 
wisdom, and the congregation will show forth 
their praise. — Ecclesiastes xliv, i 2, 7, 8, 14, 15. 

Among such men — famous — honored in their 
generations and the glory of their times — were 
William Pitt, General John Forbes, Colonel 
Bouquet, and others whose names we shall hear 
very fre(|uently as we proceed this week in the 
festive observance of our city's scsqui-centennial. 
They have "left a name behind them that their 
praises might be reported. The people will tell 
of their wisdom and the consjresfation will show 
forth their praise." 

Our interest in them at this time is necessarily 
limited by their connection with the events of one 
hundred and fifty years ago. 

The year 1757 was the beginning of a new era, 
as we all know, in the history of England; for 
that year saw the reins of power fall into the hands 
of "The Great Commoner," whose biography, it 
is usual to say, is the history of England, so thor- 
oughly was he identified with the grand events 
which made this period one of the most glorious 
in the annals of his country. 'Tt is scarcely too 

2) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



much to say that in the general opinion of his con- 
temporaries, the whcile glory of these years was 
due to his signal genius; his alone was the mind 
that jjlanned an<l his tiie spirit that animated the 
brilliant achievements of the l)rilish arms in all 
the four (|uarters of the globe.""* 

Posterity, however, has not failed to recognize 
the independent genius and sterling worth of those 
who were his sul)ordinatcs or allies in carrving out 
liis purposes. Hi- (listi.rnim'nt selictcd Wolfe, 
but Wolfe would have been a hero anywhere when 
called to make sacrifices for his country. Pitt by 
his generous praise in Parliament stimulated 
Clive to his success in India, nevetheless the genius 
of Clive would ha\e made itself manifest wherever 
duty gave opjiorlunity. Pitt's subsidy to Fred- 
erick certainly brought the Seven Years' War to 
a speedier conclusion, but doubtless Frederick 
even without this aid would still have been Fred- 
erick the Great. 

Xevertheless William Pitt is not unjustlv 
described as the "Creator of .Modern England."" 
He had a genius for organization, and when he 
rux- to power he lold the Duke of Devonshire, 
"1 am sure that 1 can save this country, and that 
nobody else can." "England hailed with one 
acclaim the undaunted leader who asked for 
no reward but the honor of serving her. The 
hour had found the man. For the next four 
yi-ars this imjjosing figure towered supreme in 
I'.rilish History." 

i le had, indeed, we are told, glaring faults. Ik- 
was vain, theatrical, domineering and haughtv. 
.Xevertheless he had undoubted talent for action 
and great vigor of mind; he was lired with a burn- 
ing enthusiasm, possessed of an overwhelming 
force of passion and intensilv of will, hurling in 
debate fiery shafts of elofjuence; and was, more- 
over, loo great for faction and partisanship, and 
pre-eminently and incorruptibly patriotic. The 
people trusted him and he loved the people. He 
waked England from her kthargy, and made the 
power and glory of I-Jigland one with his own. 



He started out, not t(j curb P'rance in America, but 
to aiiiiiliihile her; to crush her navy, cripple her 
foreign trade, ruin her in India, in .\frica, and 
wherewr else, east or west, she had found a foot- 
hold, to gain for England the mastery of the seas, 
to open to her the highways of the globe, and to 
make her supreme in commerce and colonization. 

Said Frederick of Prussia, "England has long 
been in labor, and at last she has brought forth a 
man." "Xobodv e\er entered his closet," said 
Colonel Barre. "who did not come out of it a 
braver man." That inspiration was felt wherever 
the British tlag waved. England sprung to new 
life under the kindly inlluence of this one great 
man, universally considered as on the whole the 
most powerful minister that ever guided the foreign 
policy of I->ngland. 

The contentions between England and h'rance 
had been as follows: i. King William's War. 
between i68g and 1697. 2. Queen xA.nne's War, 
between 1700 and 1713. 3. King George's War, 
1744 to 174S. In these the colonists in New 
England and Xew York had been engaged. But 
with 1755 began what is called the "Seven Years' 
War," in which southern colonists also were to be 
engaged, and which was to put at rest forever the 
(juestion of who should own the .\orth .\merican 
continent. t Disaster had attended the British 
arms, and in 1757 the campaign had closed, 
leaving the affairs of Great Britain in a 
more gloomy condition than at anv former period 
of the unfortunate and disgraceful war. The 
Manjuis de Montcalm had captured l-'ml William 
Henry on Eake George, and llni> the l'"rench had 
complete control of that lake and Lake Cham]ilain 
and the main passage to Canada. By the destruc- 
tion of Oswego, they iiad obtained control of the 
Great Lakes, and by the i)ossession of Fort Du 
([uesne they maintained their ascendency over the 
western Indians, and held control of all the countrv 
west of the .Mlegheny mountains. Lord Chester- 
field is quoted as saying: "Whoever is in or who- 
ever is out, I am sure we are undone, both at home 



♦Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, vol. 2. p. 24. 



tFishcr's "Pennsylvania, Colony and Commonwealtli," p. 146 



(4.^) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 



and abroad; at home by our increasing debt and 
expense, and abroad by our ill-luclc and incapac- 
ity. . . The French arc masters in America 
to do wliat they please. We are no longer 
a nation, and I ne^■er yet saw so dreadful a 
prospect." 

At this juncture William Pitt put his firm hand 
on the helm, and set himself to tiiat task of settling. 
as we have said, the question of sovereignty in 
North America. In his dealings with the colon- 
ists, he reversed the former ])olicy, and instead of 
making demands and exactions, he announced 
that he would send troops from the Mother 
Country to act with the Provincials. 

Immediately three expeditions were planned 
against the enemy.* The first against Louisbourg, 
in Cape Breton Island, where the I'rench were 
debating boundaries with the Knglish. This 
expedition was commanded by General Amherst, 
and was eminently successful. 

The second expedition was directed against 
Ticonderago and Crown Point, commanded by 
General Abercrombic himself, wlio was, however, 
routed after a bloody contlict, the disgrace of 
which was somewhat relieved by the destruction of 
Fort Front ignac shortly after. 

The third expedition is tliat in which we are 
particularly interested to-day, that which had for 
its puqKhse the capture of Fort Duquesne. The 
conduct of this expedition was entrusted to Ckn- 
eral Forbes. He left Philadelphia about the 
middle of September, 1758, to join Colonel Bou- 
i|uet, who was in command of the regulars await- 
ing his coming since July, at Raystown, now 
Bedford. 

There were many delays in the ])reparations 
necessary to be made, ])rincipally in obtaining 
wagons and horses, as Colonel Bou(|uet's letters 
show. In .\ugust or September, Colonel George 
Washington, who liad been engaged in collecting 
troops from \'irginia, Xorth Carolina and Mary- 
land, proceeded to the rendezvous, followed shortlv 

*Olden Time, vol. i, p. 08. 

Graham's History N. America; Braddork, bv J. R. Musick, 
pp. ;.S;. ;Si. 



ijy General Forbes. Being all assembled, heated 
dispute arose amongst these leaders with regard 
to the route to be followed in the campaign against 
Fort Duquesne. Colonel Washington, who had 
traversed the country twice before (1753 and 
1754), favored the road which had been used in 
the ill-starred expedition of General Braddock 
three years earlier; a road at least familiar, and 
read}- for their wagons, but leading through Marx- 
land aiul Mrginia at times, and rather circuitous, 
as it seemed. Washington's reasons for his 
opinion are given at length in a letter written at 
Fort Cumberland, August 2. 1758. General 
Bouquet, on the contrary, favored a new route, 
laid entirely in Pennsylvania, and had already 
on August 23d sent Colonel James Burd forward 
with some troops and wagons to cut a road 
through the forest to Loyal Hanna. After much 
discussion. General Forbes adopted this latter 
route, although it re(|uired the opening of more 
than one hundretl miles of new road through the 
wilderness between Bedford and Fort Duquesne. 
The army was comjxised of Iwehe hundred 
Highlanders, three hundred and fifty regulars, 
twenty-seven hundred Pennsvlvanians, sixteen 
hundred \'irginians, and others from Maryland 
and Xorth Carolina, and a body of Cherokee 
Indians; making an army of al)out six thousand 
men. Slow and tedious was the journey, de- 
scribed, although without much detail, in letters 
of the time. On October 14th the main army 
advanced from Raystown towards Loyal Hanna, 
arriving about November ist. On November 18th 
further advance was made, covering fifty miles 
from Loyal Hanna in five days, stopping at New 
Camp, twent\- two miles west of Loyal Hanna, on 
November iSlh. and arriving on November 24th, 
much discouraged and fatigued, at a point on Tur- 
tle Creek, about twelve miles from Fort Duquesne, 
with the intention, as it seems, of entering into 
winter quarters, and awaiting supplies from the 
north or from the east. .\t least, warned by Brad- 
dock's fate, Forbes would not recklessly advance. 
But news came from Indian scouts that the 



(44) 



PITTSBL'RGHS SESQUI-CEXTENXIAL 



French were evidently making preparations to 
depart, and heavy smoke in the direction of the 
fort, and a dull explosion, told of extensive con- 
flagration and destruction. So, on the morning 
of Xovember 25, 1758, General Forbes declaring 
that he would sleep in the fort that night, the ;;rmy 
hastily advanced from their encampment, the 
Provincials in front followed by the Highlanders, 
and marched with all speed to the point where the 
junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny had 
furnished for so long a time an unquestionable 
vantage in the control of the Ohio.* 

As the army approached the fort at about six 
in the evening, they came to a number of stakes 
on either side of the Indian pathway, on each of 
which hung the liead and kilt of a Highlander, 
killed or taken prisoner at Major Grant's defeat 
on September 14th, a few weeks before. We 
cannot Ix- .surprised that this aroused to fury the 
"petticoat warriors," as they were sneeringly 
dubbed by their antagonists; and with loud and 
bitter cries, and with swords drawn, they rushed 
like mad boars engaged in battle, past the Pro- 
vincials, who led the column, eager to wreak their 
vengeance upon the French. Imagine their dis- 
appointment when, coming within full \iew of 
Fort Du(|uesne, they founrl it desolate, ruined 
and abandoned — everything burned or blown 
up, fortifications, ovens, houses, magazines, goods 
of every sort. The French troops had escaped 
on rafts and boats down the Ohio River. There 
was no blow struck; there were no lives lost in 
mortal combat; and yet the capture of Fort 
Duquesne was a most notable event in the his 
tory of our country, worthy of commemoration 
through all the future years. 

To return to our story, the 26th was observed 
as day of public thanksgiving for success, and 
Mr. Beatty, the Chaplain, was appointed to preach 
a thanksgiving sermon. The connection between 
the seaside and the land beyond the mountains 
was established forever. .A va.st territorv was se- 



*Pennsylvania Ma'.t.izine, vol. iii, No. 2. p. 1.55. 
Olden Time, vol. i. pp. 177-185. "Captain Jack ihe Scout," by 
Charles McKnight, pp. 463-465. 



cured. The civilization of liberty, commerce and 
religion was henceforth to maintain undisputed 
possession of the Ohio. 

Thus was ended forever the attempt of the 
French to press downward from Canada into the 
Mississippi Valley; and the possession of the 
great west by the .\nglo-Saxon race was forever 
assured. 

In the founding of our city here at the junction 
of the Alleghenv and Monongahela, where the 
great tributary llowing to the west and south 
has its beginning, wc see much more than an 
ordinary pro\idence. We behold with awe and 
gratitude the evident design of God to make this a 
center whence mighty forces of every sort shall 
emanate, and great things be done for the com- 
mercial, political, educational, social and religious 
welfare of this whole nation. So ti'c believe. May 
our opportunities and privileges make clear and 
emphasize our (hities! 

Tlic day Jolhm'nig the capture of I^'ort Duciuesne, 
General Forbes, in ac(|uainting Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor Denny with his success, dated his letter 
from "Fort I)u(|uesne, or now Pitt's-Borough." 

'Tt is evident from lliis fact," says the histo- 
rian, "that there were enough settlers to warrant 
the use of the term 'borough.' .As we look back 
over the one hundred and fifty years since that 
memorable day in 175S, we have every reason to 
be proud that we belong to William Pitt's Horoiit^h 
— and each one of us may justly adopt St. Paul's 
words when he commended him.self to those who 
would have looked askance at him — 'I am a 
riti/en of no mean city.' " 

.\t this Sesqui-Ccntennial we stand at the point 
where a magnificent future lies evide)il before us, 
as it could not before those of whom we have been 
speaking. For them to preserve and defend the 
fort was a matter of present duty and somewhat 
blind hope beyond. There was menace in their 
.'iurroundings; every possil)le hindrance and diiri- 
culty were to be contended with. 

We have reached the l)orderland; and tho.se of 
us who have attained three score vears mav well 



(45) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI- CENTENNIAL 



envy our juniors, for wc who see it with our eyes 
shall not be permitted to pass over into that 
promised land which our descendants shall cer- 
tainly possess. 

In material prosperity, in accumulated wealth, 
in scientific attainment, in educational advantages, 
in artistic achievement, in musical cultivation, in 
architectural display, in churches and beneficent 
institutions of every sort, this city has already won 
high standing. But all this is as nothing to what 
remains for her in the briglit and glorious future. 
Her faults are many, it is true. She is far as yet 
from being the City of God. But we who ha\c 
known her for a (juarter of a century and more. 
note the i)rogress and improvement, Ijoth ma- 
terial and intellectual, marvelous beyond de- 
scription — promise of that which is to be. It 
remains for us to emulate the fidelity, the courage, 
the indomitable steadfastness of those whom we 
commemorate. Xow come to the front problems 
to be solved of large-minded and vigorous states- 
manship, of thoughlfuhiess for the generations 
yet to come, matters of sanitation, enlightened 
measures I'or the public good, civic righteousness, 
ofiiciai lionesty, unselfish service of the commu- 
nity, non-partisan labors for the exaltation of all 
our people. The assurance of a great past means 
in these days little except as pointing to an even 
greater future. 

The whole divine revelation is in that one 
thought. The Bible starts out, the history of the 
race begins, in the wildness and weary tillage of 
a Garden: but it ends in the Cily of God, beauti- 
ful and transcendent, let down from heaven, per- 
fected by toil, resplendent with achievement, 
irradiated by the immanent Deity, dwelling among 
men, Emmanuel, (jod witii us. Therefore, we 
know that His will and man's will shall not be 
ever at strife, that men will cease to l)e selfisli. 
over-reaching, tempting and seducing one another; 
that the grog shop and gambling den and the 
social evil cannot endure throughout all time: 
that God cannot be content anywhere with such 
meager realization of a redeemed humanity. 



As we commemorate the heroes and statesmen 
of the past, we declare that this Msion shall 
become, and we shall strive to make it. a grand 
and glorious Reality, not account it the ini])racti- 
cable, the improbable, the impossible, but the 
inevitable. Because God is in Ills heaven — 
all's well and must be well, in His world. 
"With faint, far buglings in the noble east 
I hear the herald of the struggling day. 
Calling eacli man to victor's earnestness, 
To bring, in Inilli. the Prriiiii of vesterday." 

INVOCATION' OF THE RT. Ri:V. BISHOP CORTL.WDT 
WHITEHE.'VI), S. T. D., .\T THE OPEXIXO OI' THE 
SESQUI-CENTENNLVL CELEBR.VTIOX, \T XIXOX 
THEATRE, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER J, iqo8. 

O God, whose name is excellent in all the earth, 
and w^hose glory is above the heavens, and who 
didst in olden times inspire and flirect the hearts 
of our forefathers in laying the strong foundations 
of peace, liberty, and safety for our city and nation , 
we bless and adore thy glorious majesty for this 
thy Icixingkindness towards us. And we humbly 
pray that the devout sense of thy signal mercies 
may renew and increase in us a spirit of love and 
thankfulness to thee, the author of all good, and 
a spirit of true devotion to the welfare of our city 
and country. May we so improNc thine inestima- 
ble blessings, that peace and happiness, truth and 
justice, religion and piety, may be established 
among us for all generations. 

Almighty (lod, the I'ountain of all goodness, we 
humbly be<eecli thee to I)less thy servants; the 
President of the United States, Edward, King of 
Great Britain, the governor of this state, the mayor 
of this city, their counselors, and all in authority. 
Endue them with thv Holy Spirit; enrich them 
with thy heavenly grace; prosper them with all 
happiness; and bring them to thine everlasting 
kingdom. 

.\nd as thou didst in former time lead our 
fathers forth into a wealthy place, give thy grace, 
we humljly beseech thee, to us their children, that 
we may always approve ourselves a people mind- 



(46) 



P I T T S B U R (; H 



S E S (^ U I - C E N T E N N I A L 



ful of ihv favor and glad to do thy will. Bless our 
land with honoralik- industry, sound Irarnini;, and 
{)urc manners. Defend our liberties, preserve our 
unity. Save us from violence, discord, and confu- 
sion, from pride and arrogancy, and from every 
evil way. Fashion into one ha])])y people the 
multitudes brought hither out of many kindreds 
and tongues. Endue with the spirit of wisdom 
those whom we entrust in thy name with the au- 
thority of governance, to the end that there be 
peace at home, and that we keep a place among 
the nations of the earth. Tn the time of prosper- 
ity, fill our hearts with thankfulness; and in the 
day of trouble, suffer not our trust in thee to fail. 
.\11 which we ask for Jesus Christ's sake. Anieii. 

THE CITY AND ITS CITIZENS 

In o])ening the Sesqui-Centennial Anniversary the con- 
gregations throughout the city were asked to hold union 
services on Sunday evening, September 27, 1908. That 
of the Bellficld and Oakland churches was held in the 
BellCield Presbyterian Church, with the Rev. S. B. McCor- 
mack, D. 1)., Chancellor of the University of I^ittsburgh, 
presiding. The Rev. Dr. John Gassier Prugh, pastor of 
Grace Reformed Churcli, Dithridge and Bayard Streets, 
preached the sermon. His te.xt was, "The city and they 
that dwell ihenin." Hal)aki<uk ii, 8. He said: 

It is a splendid privilege to be a citizen of a 
great city. Great cities have been and are great 
blessings to mankind, and we are worthily proud 
of citizenship in a city which, from the time of its 
founding, has played such an important part 
in the history of our nation and in the advancing 
civilization throughout the whole world. 

Everywhere in .\merica the currents llow 
strongly city-ward. \\'hen to the groU]j of log- 
cabins, clustered arounfl the picturestjue IMock- 
house at the Point, there was given the name 
Pittsburgh, the population of Philadelphia was 
not many more than 15,000 and N'ew York and 
I'joston were no larger. A hundred and fifty 
years ago in all our land there were only six 
cities with more than five thousand inhabitants. 
Now we have over nine hundred such cities, 
many of them having over 500,000. anfl sevt-ral 

U 




Kiiv. Dk. joii.x g.\ssli:r prugh 

over a million of a population. \\'e have no one 
city which, to the whole country, is what Paris 
is to France; and yet our cities have acquired 
tremendous power. Philadelphia and Pittsburgh 
largely control the political situaticjn in Pennsyl- 
vania; and in the different States so largely 
have our cities grown that in the Inst fjuarter 
of this Twentieth century our twentv largest 
cities could, if they would, absolutely dominate 
in national affairs. 

While national affairs continue properly to 
claim a \ery large share of the thought of the 
people, civic affairs just as strongly now rivet 
men's attention. We know of no city that claims 
to have solved the great problem of municipal 
government. P)tU that problem everywhere is 
being solved, because ever\-where the better 
classes are awakening to a sense of their dutv in 
establishing the best possible government for 
our cities. And there never was a time when 
public integrity and popular intelligence were so 
highly valued and so far reaching in their effects 
as now. Xever before did so manv earnest, 
capable men take u\) the study of the difficult I 
problems of the city, determined that the city's 
affairs -hall be adminislere<l with skill and honesty; 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



determined, too, that the city shall be represented 
to the world with dignity. 

Pittsburgh is not a mere aggregation of in- 
dividuals. No city is just that. Cities have a 
characteristic, a personality, of their own. .Vnd 
the rank of a city depends, largely, upon the dis- 
tinctness with which it impresses upon the minds 
of men certain things for which it stands. Jeru- 
salem, Athens, Florence, appeal to the imagina- 
tion and to tlie sentiment of men, because they 
have been conspicuous in the life of humanity: 
because they stood for something individual and 
characteristic, some work of mind or spirit, and 
not onlv for some spk'iidid work of artisans' hands. 

A great city is one of the greatest of human 
achievements. Men were created to live to- 
gether. Cities represent living together in its 
highest estate. Man was not made to li\c in 
isolation, a loni'lv, undeveloped individual. He 
was made to live in contact with other men. 
And it it only by contact with other men that he 
gets his freest, broadest development. It is 
onlv dfveloped man who perfectlv fulfills the 
purposes of God. 

The higher life of the city is the expression 
of all its activities, commercial, educational, 
artistic, social and religious. And a man's 
(|uality and rank as a citizen depend on the full- 
ness with which he enters into the manifold 
life of the city. There are men in Pittsburgh 
who lead individual lives of a high character 
who ha\f no ciN-ic life. .\n(l tliat is true of all 
our great centers of population. But a citizen 
is one who shares the burdens of the city, cherishes 
the city's interests and contributes to the rich- 
ness of the ( ily's life. \o man is really a citizen 
of Pittsburgh who does not recognize his re- 
sponsibility and obligation to Pittsburgh. 

.\s soon as a man begins to live closely with 
his fellows he owes them the inspiration of a 
good character. \o bad man ever was or ever 
can be a good citizen. .\nd no bad man can 
make a good city ollicer. The man who lives 
a good life in the city contributes greatly to the 



city's strength. .\n(l that is wh\' we hold in such 
high esteem the Mayor of Pittsburgh (the Hon. 
George B. Gutlirie). He is a man of uprightness, 
of strict integrity, a sincere, Christian gentleman, 
and his administration has contributed to the 
beauty, the health, the morality and the righteous- 
ness of our city. And we esteem him, too, for 
the good men he has called to his assistance, 
whom he has placed at the head of the \-arious 
departments of our city government. And no 
one of these men deserves more our gratitude 
than the Superintendent of the Bureau of Health. 
What Dr. Edwards has done for the health of 
our city, what lie has done for the elimination of 
the sources of disease, and for the prevention 
of disease in our city, deserves the hearty commen- 
dation of all good citizens. Cleanliness and Godli- 
ness are closely allied. 

Being a good man, however, does not of itself 
make a good citizen. But it is the beginning of 
citizenship. Every man among us ought to con- 
ceive of the business of the city as part of his 
own business. .\ |)rime trouble with Pittsburgh 
and with our other American cities has been 
that they have in them so many men who are 
only residents, and not citizens, men who take 
everything from the cilv and who do not think 
of gi\'ing anything in return. Xo man really 
makes a home, however beautiful it may be, 
unless he gives himself to it. .-Vnd no man is a 
citizen unless he gives himself to the city. The 
citizen should iiknlifx- his interests with the city's 
interests. .\ citizen should study the city's 
problems and he should always vote at the city's 
elections. In the election for Mayor and Council- 
men everv man of us has a great responsibility, 
and we are cowards and not worthy of our citizen- 
ship if we are indifferent to our responsibility 
and shirk it. 

The chief concern of Pittsburgh, and of every 
city, ought to be to develop what may be called 
the higher civic lil'e. The higher life, everywhere, 
is the life of ideas and ideals. Ideas and ideals 
are the source of man's highest efficiencv and 



(48) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUl-CENTEXNIAL 



enduring influence. Every city has ideals, whether 
it defines them or not, and there are two things 
to be sharply defined and resolutely followed of 
the city is to build up its citizens, not only com- 
merciall}-, but also to enrich them educationally 
and spiritually. 

First, there must be the ideal of eflicient 
government. A city efliciently, rightly governed 
represents the very highest kind of organization. 
But to have an efficient government we must 
have an honest government. Xo corrupt govern- 
ment was ever yet efficient. It is impossible for 
a corrupt government to be eflicient, because 
honesty is the basis of all eflkiency. 

The government must also be intelligent. Xo 
government which lacks intelligence can be 
efficient. Honesty and intelligence are the roots 
of high class administration of civic affairs. 

Second, every city ought to think of itself as 
a fundamental, educational influence. It ought 
not only care for the physical well-being of its 
citizens, by giving them pleasure grounds, clean 
streets, pure air, good drainage, wholesome water 
and the best food supplies. The city must train 
its citizens to love the best things in tlu- best 
forms. The higher civic life means the expression 
of the entire life of a community. It involves civic 
order and also civic beauty. It means well kept 
streets and it means, also, noljle school-houses 
and other educational institutions. It means 
capable government, and it means also, museums, 
libraries, art-galleries, good architecture and beau- 
tiful, restful parks. Thucydides said of the 
Parthenon and the group of line buildings on 
the Acropolis, at .\thens, that the sight of them 
was a daily delight and an education. And 
our hope is that our great Technical School, 
when finished, together with tiie magnificent 
Carnegie Institute and our new University, now 
rising on yonder hill-side, that these will help 
to make Pittsburgh what .\thens was — a great 
educational influence. In educating its children 



our city ought to teach integrity, intelligence and 
efficiency by the ciuality and character of its 
government. The city ought to teach neatness 
and cleanliness by the condition of its streets; 
it ought to educate the eye by the beauty of its 
parks and by its public buildings. The city 
ought to give us noble educational buildings so 
that we shall identify education with the highest 
processes of the soul. It ought to so accustom 
us to good architecture that we shall know in- 
tegrit}- and beaut}- of structure by the eye, just 
as those who have been well taught know good 
music by the ear. It ought to be able, some day, 
to be said of our city as a great Italian sculptor 
once said of Florence to a question how the best 
criticism of a statue could be secured — ''Leave 
it lo the iudjiment oj the public square." 

During a very large part of the history of 
Pittsburgh our city has been known for its com- 
mercialism. But a really great city can not be 
built on a purely commercial foundation. It 
needs wealth, because wealth means command 
of resources, the ability to do things on a large 
scale. But wealth alone never yet made a great 
city. .\nd we have the inspiration of hope that 
our city will become great by virtue of its char- 
acter, the breadth of its policy, the dignity of its 
life, the variety of its interests, and by the splen- 
dor of its appearance. But if the higher civic 
life is to be fully realized and maintained in 
Pittsburgh, it must be fed bv innumerable streams 
of private virtue, sustained by innumerable acts 
of private devotion, and made beautiful by 
numberless private sacrifices and beneficences. 

While we thank God for our citizenship, and 
while we believe there are few privileges greater 
than to be a citizen of a great city, let us remem- 
ber that for our city to develop the highest civic 
life, we must give the city our individual, hearty 
and constant support. God grant that we all 
may become Christian patriots, and patriot 
Christians. 



(49) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




RF.V. \V. A. STANTON, li. 1)., I'M. IJ. 

THE WHITE SIDE OF PITTSBURGH 

Delivered in the Shady Avenue Baptist Church by the 
Rev. W. A. Stanton, D. D., Ph. D.. State Historian of the 
Sons of the American Revokition. The Sons and Daughters 
of the American Revolution attended this service in body. 

E,\cept Jehovah kee]) the city, the watchman wakcth 
but in vain. — Psalm cxxvii. 



few things should 



To understand Pittsburgh 
be said about Pennsylvania. Divide it into three 
parallel parts running north and south. In the 
eastern part settled the Quakers and Swedes, in 
the central the Germans, in the western the Scotch- 
Irish. Variegate this with a migration from 
Connecticut into its northeastern corner. Let 
the population from Xew \'ork State filtrate the 
two northern tiers of Pennsylvania counties and 
make them much like the Empire State. Then 
know that the .southern row of counties was per- 
meated by migration from \'irginiu and Maryland. 

The result was a heterogeneous population, 
1 the above classes. Their 
unto this day. It is true 
toned down, and blended 
somewhat until the distinctions are not so sharp 
as they were a century ago, but they still survive. 

Pittsburgh is the metropolis of the Scotch-Irish 
district. From the mountains to Ohio, from West 



combining phases of al 
characteristics prevail 
that they have been 



\'irginia northward for a hundred miles, condi- 
tions are what the Scotch-Irish have made them. 
The ne.xt strongest element to be taken into 
account is the inlluence of the Germans, who 
were our nearest neighbors eastward. If one 
knows the "Pennsylvania Dutch" one knows 
what that signifies. Coming down to the last 
score of years there has been a marked incoming 
of Americans from Xew England and Xew York 
State, and of foreigners from southern and east- 
ern Europe. These two distinct classes of 
people to a degree neutralize each the other's 
influence and also present a new foreground be- 
hind which is still seen the old Scotch-Irish-Teu- 
tonic background. 

It is important to take the abo\e facts into 
account in any study of Pittsburgh. Its original 
population laid the foundations for its great in- 
dustrialism. Its giants in industry, finance and 
commerce are still men who were born, or whose 
parents were born, in Scodand, Ireland, Wales 
or Germany. X'ote the family names: Carnegie, 
Thompson, Jones, Lauglilin, Schwab, Corey, 
Prashear, Frick, Thaw, Guffey, Peacock, ^'ander- 
grift, Kuhn, Home, and Macs without number. 
To any student of names this list tells an impor- 
tant story. Two or three generations hence it may 
give way to one with terminals such as "ski" 
and "vich." It has already done so on the sign- 
boards of the smaller shops and in increasing 
numbers. 'Vhv Italian names are also becom- 
ing more and more numerous in some impor- 
tant commercial circles. Such is the trend. 

.Ml these things have an important bearing on 
our understanding of the social and religious con- 
ditions in i'ittsburgh. .\ hare relation of such 
facts renders unnecessary the statement of a great 
many details that every student of municipal life 
will immefiiately perceive. 

One other thing must be explained. Here- 
after what is said by way of contrast will include 
a period of about twenty years. My personal 
knowledge covers that time and in an old city 
(i6o years is old in our town) the changes in five 



(50) 



PITTSBURGH 



S E S Q U I - C E N T E N N I A L 



or ten years arc not clearly marked. But twenty 
years ago we were two cities, Pittsburgh and 
Allegheny, with populations of 238.617 and 105,- 
287; a total of 343,904. Now we are one citv 
with a population of 520,322 in 1906, and at a 
conservative estimate \\ith at least 600,000 to-day. 
Pittsburgh is easily the fifth city in the United 
States at present. For the sake of comparisons 
and contrasts I shall include both cities in all 
figures and statements of things a score of years 
ago, as well as to-day. when they actually are one 
municipality. 

To some degree this may be inferred from what 
has been said already. The Scotch - Irish are 
religious, and their religion is of the Presbyterian 
type in theolog}- and ecclesiasticism. They are 
conservative, cautious, shrewd, economical but 
generous, affectionate but reserved, reverent and 
devout. The religious foundations of Pittsburgh 
were laid along such lines. In spite of a century 
and a half, and of our present industrialism, it has 
not departed from its early traditions. The trend 
is away from them, but the traditions still hold. 

Probably in no city of its size in the United 
States is the Lord's Day better observed, but 
the observance is obviously deteriorating. We 
are free, however, on that day from professional 
baseball, open places of amusement, manifest 
commercialism and the open saloon. Compara- 
tively speaking, there is little saloon business done 
on Sunday even on the quiet. Our great iron 
and steel mills and our morning newspapers are 
our worst Sunday offenders, .\part from them, 
and in contrast with such cities as Cincinnati, 
St. Louis and Chicago, we are almost puritanic 
on Sunday. In contrast with New Orleans anfl 
San Francisco we arc positively angelic. 

When once aroused, public sentiment stands 
for righteousness to a surprising degree. We 
are not to be judged as a whole by a few degener- 
ate scions and "heelers" of wealth, nor by an 
occasional scandal in divorce courts. Such affairs 
are "news" and advertise the city around the 
world until false ideas prevail as to f)ur whole 

( 



population. Unfortunately goodness is not news 
in yellow journalism. Prostitution is here, but 
it does not flaunt itself before the public and is 
fairly well restricted to certain down-towm lo- 
calities. Gambling has a hard time with the 
present administration and "graft" does not 
begin to flourish in municipal affairs as it did ten 
years ago. Some trials and convictions have 
made a deep impression upon the professional 
politician with the "open hand. " In the matter of 
lodging and tenement houses, baths, laborers' 
houses, public playgrounds, parks, cleaner streets, 
street solicitation by prostitutes, and the scientific 
organization of public and private charities the 
trend is all decidedly upward. These may not 
be things strictly in the sphere of religious life, but 
they have so much to do \\'ith it and it is so rooted 
in them that they must be taken into account. 

But there is a struggle going on. .\s a Scotch- 
Irish Presbyterian city Pittsburgh's traditions 
are Calvinistic, and it has been said that Calvinism 
makes for individualism. As America's great- 
est manufacturing city, Pittsburgh to-day is dom- 
inated by the spirit of industrialism, and that 
makes for collectivism. We are in the midst of 
the strife between these two, the individualism 
of our past Calvanism and the collectivism of 
our present industrialism. 

Twenty years ago Grant Hill rose above the 
business district of our citv. On and above 
Grant Hill rose Richardson's magnificent court 
house, and far above its roof rose its splendid 
campanile, as high as the monument on Bunker 
Hill, and as fine in its lines, silhouetted against 
the sky, as the campanile of \'enice. .Across 
the street were the two lofty and delicate Gothic 
towers of the Roman Catholic cathedral: across 
another street was the spire of Saint Peter's Par- 
ish Episcopal Church: around two corners in 
opposite directions were two other churches. .\11 
these made a noble group that stood for justice 
and religion. Now the churches are all gone, 
one bought by the county, three bought by one 
millionaire, and where Saint Peter's stood the 

50 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



purchaser has built a pile some twenty-two stories 
high. Its highest tloor overtops the campanile. 
It stands between the commerce and industrial- 
ism of the city and its law and religion. It is a 
microcosm of its collectivism. The churches 
are not destroyed, they have moved farther out, 
but in a two-fold sense they are not so close to 
business as once they were. Law and justice 
are still there but the sky-scraper is higher than 
their home. The picture is a parable. He who 
runs may read and know the trend. 

Twenty years ago we had 272 church organi- 
zations, only eight of which were without meeting 
houses. Xow there are 436 organizations, and 
a remarkably large number of beautiful and 
expensive edifices have been built by both old and 
new churches. I recall that in 1Q04 there were 
thirty-four dedications of buildings that collec- 
tively cost more than Si, 000,000. I can count at 
least ten large downtown churches that have 
sokl their properties for great sums of monex- 
and havi' rebuilt in the residence parts of the city. 
The Roman Catholic churches have increased 
from thirty-eight to si.xty, the Protestant churches 
from 185 to 376. 

I have had considerable to say about the 
Presbyterians because this is the strongest Pres- 
byterian city in our country. The United States 
census of 1890 proves that. They now have 
133 churches, in 1888 they had si.xty-one. These 
figures include Regular. United and Rcfornu'd 
Presbyterians. The lirst have fifty-one, the sec- 
ond thirty-two, and the third five churches. 
Only the Reformed Presbyterians are losing 
ground. During the twenty years one of lliei'' 
organizations merged with a regular Presbyterian 
church, taking the name of the latter. Rut their 
young people are cjuite apt to forsake the faitli 
and practices of the Covenanters and become 
'■ U. P.'s" or just plain " P."" Kach of these Pres- 
byterian denominations has a theological seminary 
here and unitedly they control the Pennsylvania 
College for Women. Asa matter of fact (though 
not ofiicialjy) they also control ihe Western Uni 



versity of I\'nns\lvania, which has just purchased 
a new campus of about forty acres in the finest 
residence section of the city and is preparing to 
spend millions in a magnificent array of build- 
ings. Xe.xt to Presbyterians the Methodists are 
most numerous; including four shades of de- 
nominationalism, they have grown from forty- 
one to seventy churches and some of these are 
very strong. The Lutherans liaw done well; 
they had an early start and now number fortv- 
two churches, an increase of twenty-four. 

Episcopalians do not have so many churches as 
some of the other denominations (increase from 
fourteen to twenty) but five or si.x of them have 
large memberships, impressive edifices and par- 
ish buildings, with more or less endowment, and 
considerable wealth. ( )ne such church (Calvary) 
lias just entered its splendid new plant, built 
and furnished at a cost of about 8550,000; it 
docs a large institutional work in some eighteen or 
twenty departments and is a blessing in the east 
end of the city. 

Ikiptists are among the large gainers. ha\-ing 
gone from fifteen to thirty-eight churches, from 
church property worth 8236,600 to present prop- 
ertv valued at about 81,250,000. Their total 
income in all their churches in 1888 was $47,- 
580.26; last year it was about 875,000, at a conser- 
vative estimate. 

Here as elsewhere, most of the negroes are 
either I)a])tists or Methodists. I had incUuL'd 
them in my statistics and at least fifteen of the 
Baptist churches belong to the negroes. They 
have an immense population in Pittsburgh and 
in some of thiir churches there are from 800 to 
1,200 members. They also have some excellent 
meeting houses valued as high as 840,000. 

The Disciples have increased their churches 
from four to eleven: the Reformed Church from 
four to seven, and the Unitarians now have two 
churches, where in 1888 they had none. This 
last named fact emphasizes an earlier statement 
as to the incoming of Xew Englanders as a recent 
thintf. This is also observed in the existence of 



(52) 



PITTSBURGH 



S E S Q U I - C E N T E N N I A L 



only five Congregational churches and but two the superintendency of a Baptist woman who 

of these are homes of Xew England Congrega- once lived in Chicago; there is a milk and ice 

tionalism. The others are Welsh and this peo- association that saves the babies and invalids 

pie is a force to be reckoned with here. They among the poor, both winter and summer: there 

have many cliurches of their own and arc to be is a society for the improvement of the poor, and 

found in all our English-speaking churches. Chris- a hospital association, both of which depend 

tian Science is represented by two organizations, largely upon the churches for their support. Ig- 

one of which has a good buOding. noring the municipal and state hospitals and in- 

In addition to these well-known bodies we have stitutions, I find i lo hospitals, homes, asvlums, 

a number of miscellaneous religious organiza- nurseries and dispensaries, identified with our 

tions representing \-arious convictions, fads and churches. Places where the churches show their 

fancies that prevent their merging with some of faith by their works. 

the regular denominations. I can find trace Add to all these the Salvation Arm}- and the 

of only about fifteen such organizations, not a \'olunteers of America, with their .several barracks, 

large number for such a population. the various rescue missions and the splendid 

Here is a point of importance. In addition Kingsley Settlement House, the summer evange- 

to all this growth within the city limits there is a listic work done in tents on city lots and around 

large and constant growth of both old and new the music pavilions of our city parks: add the 

surburban towns. The enlargement of churches street preaching, of which there is not a little; 
already in them, or the organization of new 
churches is constantly observable. From our 
city churches there is a constant drain to such 
suburbs and their churches. As the citv church 



finally, the many minor agencies that I have over- 
looked, but that God knows about. 
It makes a glorious total and 



and all makes 



righteousness. Of course man\ 



for 
these things 



is said to feed upon the countr\- church, so does were here twent\- years ago, but one would be 

the surburban church feed upon the city church, surprised to know how many were not: some of 

There is an undertow that now and then brings them not at all, others in much smaller numbers 

back some of these people on the annual mo\-ing and acti\nties. That number, i lo, a few lines 

day, but as a rule wiien the\- mo\e out the\- do above, would have been cut down to less than 

not move back into the city proper, but go to half; there were no free kindergartens until 

some other suburb. 1893; "o summer [jlaygrounds ten years ago; 

Churches, however, are not the onl_\- sources no Kingsley House, no mOk and ice association, 

of religious life, influence and activity in this no anti-Saloon League, no rescue missions, no 

twentieth century. Other organizations must jjreaching in the parks nor in tents, no mission 

be reckoned with. I am not counting our public work among the Chinese, Italians, Slavonic 

institutions and charities, but I take into account peoples, Jews, Greeks nor Persians, until the last 

private ones, especially those that are founded fifteen or eighteen years. Undoubtediv all this 

and controlled by tiie churches. We have six is true of some other cities. I know it is true of 

Christian associations for young men and four Pittsburgh. 

for young women. The W. C. T. U. has seven The Federation of Churches was once ofi'iciallv 

organizations; there is an energetic anti-Saloon represented by an organization in Pittsburgh. It 

League; there are a tract and two Bible societies; never did much and eventually died of inanition, 

there are sixty-two free kindergartens, with an Possibly the fact that the secretary lived in Phila- 

enrolment of about 4,000 litde folks; there is a del{)hia, and came to us only once a month and 

splendid system of summer playgrounds under but for a few days, explains some things. There 

(53) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



was no opposition to the federation, neither was Baptists alone are working among the following 
there enthusiasm. Practically we have feder- nationalities — Hungarians, Croatians, Rou- 
atcd churches, however, and they get together manians, Italians, Swedes, Slovaks, and Ger- 
whcncver it is necessary. The ministers of the mans. We have had the privilege of organizing 
larger denominations ha\c their regular ^^londay the first Hungarian and the first Slovak Baptist 
conferences; quarterlv they all come together churches in America and of giving to both excel- 
in a union conference that is large. lent meeting-houses. Several other denomina- 
The County Christian Endeavor Union is a tions are strenuously striving to Americanize and 
live working bodv: the County Sabbath-school Christianize these multitudes who constitute the 



Association has the reputation of being (and sta- 
tistics proving it) the best organized and most 
efficient of any county association in the world. 
The women of all the evangelical denomina- 
tions have a union missionary society and the 
superintendents of the Sunday - schools have a 
large, prosperous and helpful superintendents" 



' new mvasion. 

There is co-operation in part of this work, in 
its educational and patriotic phases, by several 
civic and social clubs and by the Sons and Daugh- 
ters of the American Revolution. The Italians 
and Slavs add a great problem to those interested 
in our housing conditions; we had our slums, tene- 



union. Xo American city could have given a nient houses and sweatshops before they bore 



warmer welcome and more practical demonstra- 
tion of sympathetic cooperation irrespective of 
denoniinationalism than was given here to the 
great March Convention of the young people's 
International Missionary Movement. Our ex- 
perience has taught us that the most direct 



down upon us in such multitudes, but not as we 
have them now. Pittsburgh's typical tenement 
house is not tall, as it is in New York, but it is 
packed; it opens on to a vile court or dirty alley; 
it is unventilatcd and unsanitary from top to 
bottom and under the bottom. It is an awful 



road to co-operation and unity among the churches place; its tenants usually protest against its being 

is in co-operative Bible-school and missionary cleaned, and its owners protest against its being 

efforts and in tlie Christian development of repaired until just before it falls, 
the young people. What can Christianity do for a man who is one 

We have the "foreign ])roblem" and we are of twenty-four who sleeps in a room twelve by 

not shutting our eyes to it. It is probable that fourteen feet, having its six beds occupied by 

only New York and Chicago contain a larger twclw during the day and tweKe others during 

number of foreigners than Pittsburgh. This is the night, its only ventilation Ix'ing the door and a 

not the place to discuss them and there is only litUe window opening into a dirty court. There 

space to say that they are to be found in all parts is a problem. 

of our citv, in almost all vocations, and that What can Christianity do for the man who 

more and more they are changing former con- lives in his mansion on the avenue, who owns the 



ditions. Thev have great churches, societies 
clubs, political and secret organizations, news- 
papers in their languages, and in some instances 
they have so monopolized sections of the city 
as to quite de-.\mericanize them. 'I"he Presby- 
terians, Baptists, Reformed Church and Metho- 



tenemcnt house and who neither knows nor cares 
how his tenants live, so that his agents receive 
the rent. That is another problem. Pittsburgh 
has them both. 

.\re we working any great social regeneration ? 
Taking the city as a whole, I confess that indiffer- 



dist Episcopal Church are leaders in work among erentism prevails and religious and social work 
them, especially among the recent comers from is done with strain and stress by a minority. There 
southern anfl eastern Europe. As a sample: are delightful exceptions, but not many. 

(54) 



PITTSBURGH'S SES(^U I- CENTENNIAL 

Absorbing commercialism, industrialism, and social and spiritual betterment, but we have be- 

pleasure-seeking diminish the workers and make come a city in which things do not easily and 

work harder. The ethical and social implications naturally tend that way. It is an old saying 

of the Gospel of Jesus are not recognized by that " God made the country and man made 

aJl who preach and hear it. There never were the town"; but it is said again, "God showed 

so many good people in Pittsburgh as now, man how to make the city." 




PLATE PRESENTED TO THE CITY BY MISS HESTER LOUISE PITT-TAYLOR. 
Miss Taylor w.is an honored pucst of the city during the Sesqui-Centennial. 



neither were there ever so many bad people. 
There never were so many agencies that make 
for righteousness, neither were there so many that 
make for evil. 
In spots much success attends efforts for moral. 



Possibly! But man has not always followed 
his teacher's instructions, has not always built 
after the pattern showed him in the mount. "E.x- 
cept Jehovah keep the city, the watchman wak- 
eth but in vain." 



(.55) 




7: 5 

a .2 




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(56) 







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e 
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2: "-> 

a S 
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(57) 





WILSON A. SHAW 
Finance Scsqui-Centennial Comniiltee 



JAMES J. DONNELL 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





JAMES I. BUCHANNAN 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commillee 



(5«) 



EDWARD H. JENNINGS 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





JAMES S. KUHN 
Finance Scsqui-Centennial Committee 



JOHN W. HERRON 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





CHARLES B. xMcLEAN 
Finance Scsqui-Ccnlennial Committee 



(59) 



A. E. SUCCOP 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





ROBERT WARDROP 
Finance Sesqui-Centcnnial Commiltee 



D. McK. LLOVD 
Finance Scsqui-Centennial CommiUee 





JOHN DJMLING 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(60) 



JOHN H. JONES 
[•"inance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





A. \V. POLLOCK 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



MAJOR A. .\L BROW.V 
Finance Sesqui-Ccntenni . 1 Commillee 






JOHN G. JENNINGS 
Finance Scsqui-Centennial Commiltoc 



(6i) 



GEORGE C. BO'RGWLN 
Finance Scsqui-Ccnicnnial Committee 




f 




\V. L. CLAUSE 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



J. B. FINLEV 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





ROBERT C.ARI.AND 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Scjqui-Centennial Committee 



\V. S. KLHX 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(62) 





J. F. KKW 
Finance Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 



HARRISON XESBIT 
Finance Sesqui-Cenlennial Commiltee 





ALEXANDER DUNBAR 
Finance Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



(63) 



E. R. HAI.I)IN(;i-.R 
Finance Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 





-^1 



:n 



iT' 




HON. WILLIAM FLINN 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



W. J. BRENNEN 
Finance S-isqui-Centcnnial Committee 





C. A. FAGAN 
Finance Scsqui-Centennial Committee 



U. A. WILBERT 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(64) 




^€ 






MARCUS RAUH 
Finanre Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 



1. \V. FRANK 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 






^^ 




C. K. WILLOCK 
Finance Scsqui-Centcnnial Committee 



(65) 



F. H. RICHARDS 
(IrcatiT PittsbiirKh Day Scsqui-Ci'nlcnnial Committee 




B>^ vf 





JOHN A. WOOD, JR. 
Emory Quartette at Block House, September aS, iqoS 



\V. B. LAWTON 
Kmon,' Quartette at Block House, September 2S, 1908 





JOHN F. STEEL 
Finance Sesqui-Ccniennial Committer' 



(66) 



ROBERT C. HALL 
Finance Scsqui-Centennial Committee 



. IT'- 




L 



>/. 



//. 



One 111 Iliv M A I i: s T \ s 



I 



//■ f/' 



IHir' « € rrinri|i.il Sfcrrf.m'x iiC Sl.ili-;. , 



•yms Engraving of the renowned Englishman from whom our City derives its name, was executed by John Boydell, whose 
* rank, in his profession, as well also as a patron of Art, is recognized as being upon the same exalted plane as that which 
William Pitt occupies among statesmen. 

A circumstance which adds interest to this relic is that it bears date 1760, the year in which FORT PITT was completed. 

PRESENTED TO 

THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH. 

By R. B. CARNAHAN, Esq., on behalf of the donor, WM. G. JOHNSTON, 

NOVEMBER 15, 1889. 



(^^7) 



Autprirau ISpunlutinu 

of 
Allegneny County, Pennsylvania 



1758 




MRS. EDITH DARLINGTON AMMON 

President of the Daughters oi the American Revolution of 
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania 



Pt 



1908 



irnriram 

MONDAY. SEPTEMBER 28, 1908 

Music ............... Columbia 

Emory Male Quartette W. B. Lawton. John A. Wood. Jr.. A. A. Ross. Walter Bultier. W. K. Ross. Accompanist 
Introauction or Speakers ..... by Mrs. Editn Darlington Ammon, President 

Address ........... Col. Samuel Harden Cnurcn 

Music ............... America 

Dedication of Tablet . . I nc Honoratle George W. Gutnrie. Mayor or PittsBurgn 

Raising of tKe British Flag ......... by Mr. ArtKur Forbes 

Raising of tbe Flag of tbe United States .... by Mifs Mary Brunot Roberts 

Music . . .......... Star Spangled Banner 



(68) 







- o 



d 
_o 

o 
O 



(69) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



On Monday morning, September 2Sth, at 9 
o'clock, there was a salute fired by Battery B, 
Pennsylvania National Guard, whistles generally 
were sounded throughout the city, and bells 
rung. Mounted heralds in Mcdia'val costume 
proclaimed with lrum[)els throughout the c'it\' 
the opening of the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. 
This latter feature was suggested by and suc- 
cessfully carried into elTect under the supervision 
of Thomas M. Walker. 



ceremonies, the dedication was carried out in all 
its features. All llie notaljle guests of the city 
were present, and after the dedication of the tablet 
inspected the Block House. Neither did the rain 
keep away the spectators other than those invited 
within the enclosure, for there were good au- 
diences both on the railroad tracks above the 
lilock House enclosure and on the level ground, 
on the other side of the railing. 

On the tablet, which is of brass and is set in a 




Courtesy Dispatch 



ill-.l<ALl).'5 .\.\.\()L .\C1.M. ul'K.NlXli OF THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL, MOND.W MORNING, SEPTEMBER 2S, 

iqo8. CHIEF HERALD GEORGE W. DAWSON 



D. A. R. TABLET DEDICATED 

As one of the principal patriotic exercises in 
connection with the Scscjui-Centennial Celebra- 
tion, the Daughters of the American Revolution 
yesterday dedicated a memorial tablet at the 



block of the cement walk near the entrance to the 
Block House grounds, is the inscription: 

"The Site of Fort Pitt. Built, 1759-1761. 
\'isited by George Washington, 1753 — 1758 — 
1770. This Tablet Placed by the Daughters of 



Block House at the Point marking the site of the American Revolution of Allegheny County, 

Fort Pitt. Pennsylvania, 1908." 

In spite of the lieaxv rainstorm which came u]) The exercises, which were in charge of Mrs. 

in the afternoon and continued throughout the .Samuel .A. Amnion, Pn'sidenl of the Society of 

(70) 




MRS. S. JARVIS ADAMS 
Chairman of D. A. R. Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 




X759 - 17i6l 

VISITED BY 

lEORGE WASHINtiTOl 
1753-1758-1770 

Ttel^TABLET PLACED iV TH] 

^^n^JJGHTERS OF T 

AMERICAN REVOLUTIC , 

ALLEGHENY C( 

A PENNSYlLVANri 
I" 



HRASS TABI.KT 
Placed in concrete walk on Block House grounds, Septcmlicr 2S, 190S 

(7O 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



the D. A. R. of Allegheny County, included ad- 
dresses by Mayor Guthrie and Samuel Harden 
Church, and the singing of patriotic songs. The 
flags representing the three governments which 
at different times ruled this territory, the French, 
English and American, were raised, in the order 
of their control, on the flagstaff in the corner near 
the entrance to the grounds. 
Among the distinguished guests present were 



Forbes, who, witli Mrs. Forbes, is one of the city's 
guests from abroad for the week. "The Star 
Spangled Banner" was then rendered, with the 
audience joining in, and the tablet was unveiled 
while the Stars and Stripes were raised to the top 
of the flag staft' by Miss Mary Brunot Roberts, 
daughter of Colonel T. P. Roberts. 

At the conclusion of the exercises Alayor 
Guthrie, C. E. E. ChOders, Mr. and Mrs. Amnion 




Courtesy Dispatch 



MRS. EDITH DARLINGTON .WIMUX 
President of the Daughters of the .Xiiit-rican Revolulion of .-Mlegheny County. Pennsylvania, at Block House, September 28, 1908 



Miss Pitt-Taylor, Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, 
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Forbes, Miss Martha Wash- 
ington, the Hon. Eric Collier and General S. B. 
M. Young, who was chief marshal of the Greater 
Pittsburgh parade on Thursday. 

The fleur-de-lis was raised by Mr>. Amnion 
after the address of Colonel Church. Following 
this was the singing of "America," after which 
the British flag was raised by Arthur Forbes, 
the descendant of the brother of General John 



and others took charge of the distinguished guests 
of the city and showed them through the Block 
House, explaining the historical associations con- 
nected with this remnant of the early days. Miss 
Pitt-Tavlor expressed herself as greatly interested 
in all that she had seen and that had been told 
her. Xcither she nor any of the other guests 
seemed to mind the inclement weather. 

Immediately after the exercises at the Block 
House the ^^isses Pitt-Tavlor, Miss Washington 



(72; 




Courtesy of Dispatch 

COLONEL SAMULL HARDEX CHURCH AND THE EMOKV .\L\LE <^)LARTETTE AT THE BLOCK HOUSE 
W. B. Lawton, John A. Wood, Jr., A. A. Ross, and Walter Bulger. In rear of Colonel Church arc W. L. Scaife and Mrs. S. 
Jarvis Adams, Chairman D. \. R. Committee 




Courtesy of Di:^i\i'.Ll. 
MISS MARY BRUNOT ROBERTS KAISIXd I-LACl OK UNITED STATES OVER EORT I'lTT. AT BLOCK HOUSE, 
MONDAY, SEl'TEMBER 28. 190S, I'lTTSBURC.H SES(^)UI-CENTE\NTAI, 



(73) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



and ]Mrs. Forbes were driven to the Twentieth 
Century Club House, where the\- were the guests 
of honor at a tea given b}' the club. The receiving 
party consisted of Mrs. Edward H. Utley, Presi- 
dent of the Twentieth Century Club, and the dis- 
tinguished guests of the city, whOe assisting were 
Miss Julia Morgan Harding and tlie other officers 
of the club, together with members of the social 
committee. Airs. James Hay Reed poured tea 
in the dining-room across the hall from the assem- 
Ijl}- room, where the receiving party stood, her 
aides being some of the younger members of 
the club. 

The club house, which had just emerged from 
its annual autumn house cleaning, was hand- 
somely decorated. The Pittsburgh colors and 
national flags formed the exterior decorations. 
In the assembly room were tall palms, effectively 
grouped about the room and upon the platform, 
while across the hall in the library and the dining- 
room the city's colors in ribbons and banners 
wreathed the chandeliers, dalilias and clirysan- 
themums further carrying out the color scheme. 

The invited guests included only the members 
of the Twentieth Century Club, the ofliccrs of 
the' Pittsburg Chapter Daughters of the American 
Revolution, and the board of managers of the 
Block House, together with the members of the 
Women's Sesc[ui-Centennial Committee. 

Previous to the grand promenade Mayor Guthrie 
in a brief speech expressed the appreciation of 
Councils and himself that so large an assembly of 
citizens had responded to the invitation to welcome 
the city's guests. The >hiy()r said: 

"Ladies and Gentlemkn: It is my very 
great pleasure to-night on behalf of the city 
and especially on behalf of Select and Common 
Councils, whose guests you are, to extend to you 
a hearty welcome and an earnest wish for a 
pleasant evening. 

"The splendid response which the people of 
Pittsburgh have given to the celebration in their 
sesqui-centennial is a magnificent display of their 
loyalt}- to the city. It is a great city and we haw 

(7 



a right to be proud of the men who made it and 
of the men and women it is makingf everv dav to 
take their places in directing the affairs of this 
great nation. 

"The life of this city is as intense as the fire of 
its furnaces. Into this life there are being poured 
every day representatives from every race on the 
face of the earth and from this is to be moulded 
the citizenship of the future. The people are 
conscious of their responsibility and are address- 
ing themselves bravely and hopefully to meet it. 

"Greater forces are now at work in this city 
than ever before to aid in the upbuilding and up- 
lifting of humanity. Educational, artistic and 
moral influences are at work and they are doing 
great and noble things in making this city all that 
makes a city truly great — an upright, healthy, 
brave, honest and clean-living people. 

"These forces have started and will not be 
stopped. It will not be long in the life of this 
city before we see this devastating cloud of smoke, 
useless and expensive, swept away; the city freed 
from all forms of preventable disease, and every 
power at work in great schools and universities 
and churches to develop our people intellectually, 
morally and physically. 

"For this we hope, so that every child born 
within the limits of our city shall have a chance 
to grow to upright, honest, wholesome, pure man- 
hood or womanhood, as God in His olving pro\i- 
dence intended for all. 

SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH'S 
ADDRESS 

.Sjieech on the Dedication of a brass tablet at Fort 
Pitt, Monday, Septemljcr 28, igoS. 

It is a felicitous circumstance of national ances- 
try that George Washington, the Father of his 
Country, is equally the father of Pittsburgh, and 
every citizen cherishes this pride of birth as an 
inspiration in his heart of hearts. Claimed by 
\"irginia in colonial days as a part of her territory, 
the spot on which wu now stand was the liunting 
ground of the Indians, until, in Xovemljcr, 1753, 

4) 




(75) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



\\'ashin<^ton, the greatest man America has pro- 
duced, established the location of the now imperial 
city by choosing it as the best place for a fort. He 
was then 21 years old, and with an eye alert for 
the sa\'age men and hungry laeasts that preyed 
upon his trail, he pushed his cautious way to this 
point. In front he saw the tran([uil rivers, while 
IjL-hind him lay the wilderness whence the startled 
deer si)rang into a dee[)er solitude. 

.At that time France and England were disputing 
for the new continent, and Washington's deter- 
mination to erect a fort here made Pittsburgh 
from that instant the strategic key of the great 
Middle West. France, by right of her discovery 
of the Mississippi, claimed all lands drained by 
that river and its tributaries, a contention which 
would naturally plant her banner upon the crest 
of the Alleghany Mountains'; while England, 
through prior occupation, claimed everything from 
ocean shore to ocean shore. Loyal to England's 
sovereignty, Washington brought with him on this 
first visit a letter to the French commander on 
Lake Erie, protesting against the spread of French 
forts throughout the country, (^n the return 
journey, Christopher Gist being witli him, the 
two pioneers encountered almost unsupportable 
hardships. Their horses died for lack of food, and 
they were forced to carry their canoe for long 
stretches across the frozen ground. A treach- 
erous Indian guide fired his gun point-blank at 
Washington, his bad aim only preventing the 
stoppage of an illustrious career. While crossing 
the Allegheny River on a rude raft Washington 
fell into the icy waters, and was saved by Oist, 
with dilTiculty, from drowning. They built a fire 
that night, but Washington's hands wore frost 
bitten, while Gist's feet were frozen. I'lie next 
day they found the cabin of a friendly white man 
on Turtle Creek, and were given clothes to replace 
their own, which were now in rags. 

As soon as Washington's advice as to the loca- 
tion of the fort was received, the Governor of 
\'irginia dispatched a small force of soldiers and 
workmen under Captain Trent, who erected a 



stockade at this point. Trent arrived on Februarv 
17, 1754, a date important because it marks the 
first permanent white settlement here. The 
French came in April, and the young subaltern 
who commanded in Trent's absence surrendered 
the unfinished works. The French completetl 
the fort and named it l)u(|uesne, in lionor of the 
Governor of Canada, and they held possession of 
it for four years. 

Immediately on the loss of this fort \"irginia. 
aiming to retake it, sent a force under Washington, 
who surprised a French detachment )iear (Ireat 
Meadows and killed their commander, Jumonville. 
When a larger expedition came against him, he 
put up a stockade near the site of Uniontown, 
naming it Fort Necessity, which he was soon com- 
pelled to surrender. 

In the ne.xt year (1755) General Edward Rrad- 
dock came over with two regiments of British 
soldiers, and after augmenting his force with 
colonial troops and a few Indians, began his 
fatal march upon Fort Duc[uesnc. Braddock's 
testy disposition, his consuming egotism, his con- 
tempt for the colonial soldiers, and his stubborn 
adherence to European military maxims, alienated 
the respect and confidence of the .American con- 
tingent, robbed him of an easy victory, and cost 
him his life. Beajeau, the P'rench captain, had 
come out from Fort Duquesne with a force but half 
the size of Braddock's. I low insignificant were 
the armed forces with which the two empires were 
now challenging each other for the splendid prize 
of the New World! Beaujeau, gaily clad in a 
fringed hunting dress, pressed on intrepidly, until 
he fell llu' hot breath of his foe, when he waved 
his hat, and his xigilant followers disapjieared 
behind rocks and trees as if the very earth had 
swallowed them. In the meantime, the English 
had crossed [hv river and started into the thickly 
wooded liills toward Fort Duquesne, when a 
hea\'y discharge of musketry and arrows was 
poured upon them, which wrought in them a 
consternation all the greater because they could 
see no foe anvwhere. Braddock, refusing to fight 



(76) 



P I T T S B U R (; H 



SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 



behind cover, witnessed the annihihition of one- 
half his force before he himself was fatally injured. 
Washington, who had behaved Anth great bravery, 
having two horses killed and receiving four bul- 
lets through his coat, drew up the troops that were 
still on the field, directed their retreat, maintain- 
ing himself at the rear with great coolness, and 
brought away his wounded general, who died 
four (lays later, exclaiming to the last, "\\lio 
would have thought it!" 

Despondency seized the English settlers after 
Braddock's defeat. But two years later William 
Pitt became Prime Minister, and he thrilled the 
nation with his appeal to protect the colonies 
against France and the savages. 

William Pitt, the great Earl of Chatham, the 
man for whom our city is named, was one of the 
most indomitable characters in the statesmanship 
of modern times. Wav-Avard and affected in little 
things, he attacked the great problems of govern- 
ment with the bold confidence of a master spirit, 
in every emergency of peace or war impressing the 
clear genius of his leadership upon the yearning 
heart of England. Too great to be consistent, 
he never hesitated to change his tactics or his 
opinion when the occasion developed the utility 
of another course. During the thirty years in 
which Pitt e.xercised the magic spell of his elo- 
quence and power over the I*]nglish parliament, the 
stakes for which he contended against the world 
were no less than the dominion of Xorth .America 
and India. In the pursuit of these policies he 
fought Spain and subdued her armies. He sub- 
sidized the King of Prussia to his interests. He 
destroyed the na\'y of I'rance and wrested from 
her the larger j^orl of lur possessions beyond sea. 
The King trusted liim, the Commons obeyed him, 
the jX'ople adored him, and called him the Great 
Commoner. Me was wise, brave, sincere, tolerant, 
and humane; and no man could more deserve the 
honor of having named for him a city which was 
destined to become rich and famous, keeping his 
memory in more enduring renown than bronze 
or marble. 



Pitt's letters inspired the Americans with hope, 
and he promised to send them British troops and 
to supply their own militia with provisions and 
equipment at the King's charge. He despatched 
12,000 soldiers from England, which were joined 
to a colonial force aggregating 50,000 men, the 
most formidable army yet seen in the New 
World. Pitt's plan of campaign embraced three 
expeditions: the first against Louisburg, in 
the island of Cape Breton, which was successful: 
the second against Ticonderoga, which succeeded 
after a defeat; and the third against Fort Du- 
quesne. General Forbes, born in Dunfermline, 
commanded the Duquesne expedition, comjjris- 
ing about 7,000 men. The militia forces were 
led bv Washington, who opened a road for the 
advance of the main army. As soon as the French 
commander learned of the approach of a superior 
force, he set fire to his stronghold and retreated. 
Then, on Saturday, November, 25, 1758, amidst 
a fierce snowstorm, the English took possession 
of this place, and Colonel Armstrong, in the pres- 
ence of Forbes and Washington, hauled up the 
puissant banner of Great Britain, while cannons 
boomed and the exulting victors cheered. General 
Forbes immediately changed the name from Fort 
Duquesne to Pittsburgh, and wrote to Pitt saying: 
"I have used the freedom of giving your name to 
Fort Duf[uesne, as I hope it was in some measure 
the being actuated by your spirit that now makes 
us masters of the place." M that moment Pitts- 
burgh became the chief l)ulwark of the British 
Empire in America. 

Fort l)u(|uesne being in ruins, the English 
proceeded to build as a place of urgent shelter, a 
new fort al)out two hundred yards from the old 
site, wh'hh is traditionally known as the first 
Fort Pitt, and was probably so called by the garri- 
son, although the letters written from there during 
the first few months refer to it as "the camp at 
Pittsburgh." This stronghold cut off French 
transportation to the Mississippi by way of the 
Ohio River, and the only remaining route, through 
the Great Lakes, was soon afterward closed by 



(77) 




PITTSBURGH 
^OUICENTENNML 
jj^OMMITTEE 






MARINE 

COMMITTEE 




BADGES WORN BY DIFFERENT COMMITTEES 
OF THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 








WOMEN'S 
AUXILIARY 

COMMITTEE 




Reception 
Committee^ 




^^ 






Wi 



(78) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



the capture of Fort Niagara. The fall of Quebec, 
with the death of the two opposing generals, 
Montcalm and Wolfe, and the capture of Mon- 
treal, ended the claims of France to sovereignty 
in the New World. 

The new fort being found too small. General 
Stanwix built a second Fort Pitt, much larger 
and stronger, designed for a garrison of i,ooo 
men. As the Indians looked with angry brows 
upon the newcomers. Colonel Boucjuet, in 1764, 
built the block house, which you behold now in a 
very good state of preservation, being cared for 
b\" the Daughters of the American Revolution. 
The presence of the garrison naturally attracted 
a few traders, merchants and pioneers to Pitts- 
burgh, and a permanent population began to 
grow. After Bouquet had crushed Pontiac's 
rebellion, the Indians ceded their lands about 
Pitt.sburgh to the colonies, and in 1774 a land 
otlice was opened here, and the lands were sold 
for a dollar an acre. 

Washington made his last visit to Pittsburgh in 
October, 1770, when, (jn his way to the Kanawha 
River, he stopped here for several days, and 
lodged with Samuel Semple, the first innkeeper ^ 
whose hostelry stood until four years ago at the 
corner of Water and Ferry Streets, two Ijlocks 
from where we now stand. 

Fort Pitt continued to be a stronghold for the 
ne.xt twenty years, useful to the fringe of civiliza- 
tion which hung upon it for protection, when it 
fell into disuse and decay, and Fort Fayette, a 
stronger and larger seat, was l)uilt at IVnn Avenue 
and Tenth Street. 

With the French (lut of the country, and W'ilh'am 
i'itl out of ollice and incapacilaled hv age, the 
colonies began to feel the oppression of a iiritish 
policy which British historians and British states- 
man to-day most bitterly condemn; and the 
Revolution followed. 

But lime has healed all the bitterness of that 



family quarrel. A great city has grown up in the 
heart of the wilderness which Washington con- 
quered for civilization — a city which has been 
so many times sobered by vicissitude, and so 
many times uplifted by triumph. England and 
American are now held together by the indissoluble 
ties of blood, and are drawing ever closer through 
a common heritage of language, literature, law and 
tradition. In the world at large we behold a 
change in national tendencies so vastly different 
from those of one hundred and fifty years ago that 
they compel our joyful wonder. For here are 
all the enlightened nations of Christendom join- 
ing hands to crush the spirit of war that has 
devastated the earth for a thousand years, and 
nourishing in its stead this splendid modern pas- 
sion for an inviolate and universal peace which is 
commencing to absorb the very soul of humanity. 
[Great applause.] 

EXPOSITION DAY 

Tuesday, September 29th, was knov.-n as Ex- 
position Day. There were special musical pro- 
grammes at the Western Pennsylvania E.xposition, 
in which prominence was given to the works of 
Pittsburgh composers. The city's guests, who 
during the day had been taken on a sightseeing 
tour, attended the evening concert, as did Mayor 
Guthrie and the officers of the Sesciui-Centennial 
Committee. The attendance at the Exposition 
was verv large ])()lh in the afternoon and e\'ening. 
The auditorium was appropriately decorated with 
Pittslnn"gh colors and llags. The visitors were 
particularly interested in the special exhibit se- 
cured through the efforts of the Exposition Sub- 
committee headed by T. J. Fitzpatrick, including 
a model of the battleship Connecticut, specimens 
of armor plate and projectiles and a model of the 
largest river steamboat, the "Spraguc," towing a 
lleet of coal barges carrying 50,000 tons. 



(79) 






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(80) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



PRYOR'S BAND PLEASES MUSIC 
LOVERS 

Exposition visitors have taken immensely to 
Fryer's music, which is full of vigor and sparkles 
with beauty. Pryor is enthusiastic and always- 
ready to respond to encores. The encore num- 
bers are generally bright and jingling melodies. 

The 7:30 concert last night was devoted the 
compositions of Richard Wagner and in the ren- 
dition of this great master's works the skill and 
execution of the band shone resplendcntly, and 
incidentally proved Pryor to be a scholarly leader. 
Pryor 's original compositions, "The Love Kiss," 
and "Artful Artie," were played during the 
evening. 

Works of Liszt and Puccini will be exploited 
exclusively at the 7:30 concert to-night, while the 
later entertainment will be taken up with 
compositions of a lighter character. 

The music program for to-day was as follows: 

2 o'clock 

Overture, " Phedre " Massenet 

Gems from "The Waltz Dream" Strauss 

Duet for riutf ;in(l Frciuli Horn Till 

Messrs. Lufsky and ("/cillie. 

Descriptive, " .\ Highland Scene" Moor 

(a) Tone Poem, "A Fairy Dream" Blon 

(/)) March, "Captain Cupid" (new) I'ryor 

Scenes from ""Orijhee aux F.nfers" Offenijach 

4 o'clock 

Overture. "The Merry W'ivts ni Winilsnr ' Xicnlai 

Incidental Music to Henry \'iil Sullivan 

(a) "March Militaire." 
(6) "King Henry's Song." 
(c) "Graceful Dance." 

Airs from "The Chimes of Xormancly" Planquette 

Pryorphone Solo, "The Garden of Roses" Gatti 

Simone Mantia. 

(8 



(a) Tone Poem, "The Old Church Organ".. 
Chambers 

(b) March "Sweetheart" Pryor 

Fantasie, "My Old Kentucky Home" Dalby 

7 :,^o o'clock 

"Les Preludes" Liszt 

Scenes from " Madam Butterfly " Puccini 

"First Hungarian Rhapsody" Liszt 

I'.xcerpts from "La Boheme" Puccini 

"Second Hungarian Rhapsody" Liszt 

Finale .\ct 3d, "Manon Lescaut" Puccini 

9:30 o'clock. 

Overture, " Oberon " Weber 

Gems from " M'Ue, Modiste " Herbert 

Cornet Solo, "Polka Caprice" Brown 

Bert Brown. 

Descriptive Scene, "The Death of Custer" Johnson 

(a) Tone Poem, " In Lover's Lane" (new) . . .Pryor 

(b) "The Whistler and His Dog" Pryor 

Finale to Overture " Mignon " Thomas 



GUESTS RECEIVE OVATION 

It was a glorious welcome that the city gave its 
guests last evening in Duquesne Garden — the 
first outpouring of the people, l)oth in olTicial and 
ordinary walks, to give in many numbers the 
greetings that had been given by the few who were 
the representatives of all. 

It must have made a deep impression on the 
gracious women who are here as the chief among 
the visitors. For 12,000 persons stood packed in 
the seats — they forgot to sit when the excitement 
once was on — and in the passageways and in the 
main lobby of the great garden, clapping hands, 
cheering and waving kerchiefs as the guests of 
honor and the oflkial hosts marched the length 
of the floor as the band, placed midway, played 






HON. CHARLES WARREX FAIRBANKS 



Vice-President of United States, Guest 
of the Citv 






MRS. CHARLES WARREN FAIRBANKS 
Guest of the Citv 



.MISS .\L\RTHA W.\SIH.\(;T0.\ 

.Nearest descendant of General George Wash- 
ington, Gue.st of the Citv 



coi-\T HI. UK, k. uF l-(;gl.\s 

Of Sweden, Guest of the Cilv 




(82) 



HON. KRiC C. F. COLLIER 
Of Englanil. Guest of the City 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



music that was softened by the distance and 
the apphiuse. 

Xot often do so many men and women render 
such tribute under such inspiring circumstances 
in these (hiys, except it be to royalty or potentates, 
liut for all that the best of nobility was represented 
there, for statesmanship and military leadership, 
the thin.t,fs that brinu; a nation into lieing and nur- 
ture it and help it onward to its growth to power, 
were there, both of the past and of the present, 
Ijoth of the times to which the city is harking 
back this week and of the time in which we live. 

There were the members of the families whose 
leaders did all in all to make America and its 
chief industrial city possible; so, too, there were 
men who have done well by their country and 
their city: women, whose names it is a pleasure 
for their fellow citizens to speak with honor. 
.\nd above it all, there the ninety and nine, the 
men and women, young and old, who are doing 
their part to make the city hold its place among 
its sisters, the thousands of the everyday people 
on whom the well being of the city rests. 

There were other features to the evening's 
welcome — the little receptions among the groups 
of notables — no general reception was possible 
in such a throng — the address of tlie city execu- 
tive, a brief speech, but pregnant of pride in his 
city, of affection for the pei>ule of his city, of con- 
fidence in his city's future*, the dance in which 
all who wished participated and which brought 
to a clo.se an evening that should be notable in the 
city's history. Hut more than all was the grand 
march. For it took the place of a reception in 
which the guests of honor met all the i)eople. 

And the guests were no less pleased at the meet- 
ing than the hosts, for as they paraded up and 
down and across the great floor the women in the 
marchers smiled smiles of real happiness the while 
they bowed graciously at intervals in appreciation 
of the iiand-claps. 

'I'he guests of honor and those attending them 
were alone in the first portion of the march. They 
went the length of the floor a couple of times and 



circled across that all might have a chance to see; 
then the announcement was made that all the 
people, or as many as cared should join in. When 
the round of tlie hall had been made once more the 
guests of honor doubled up in two couples abreast 
and wound about the hall at short intervals, while 
the people, all the time adding to the marching line, 
did the same. Then the guests were formed eight 
couples across, while the rest remained in fours, 
and soon the floor of the garden presented a great 
winding picture of handsomely gowned women 
and men whose mien compelled admiration, 
swinging evenly with wonderful grace, the stream- 
ers that decked the edges of the balcony waving 
in harmony, the bands playing inspiring airs, the 
throng of those on-looking clapping and cheering 
a welcome which blended with the music of the 
band and made a song of welcome to the strangers 
and of happiness for all that no "Hail to the Chief" 
or hymn of jubilation well could emulate. It was 
a picture that would have inspired even had there 
been no inspiration in the cause of it. It was such 
a gathering of the many, with all its attendant cir- 
cumstances, as well may be remembered in the 
citv's annals. 

The reception was scheduled to open at 8:30 
p. m., and an liour before that was the time for 
opening the doors, but long before 7:30 o'clock 
such a crowd had gathered outside the garden 
that admittance was given them. From that 
moment they kept coming in a steady stream. 
The seats soon were all occupied and the people 
began seeking advantageous standing places until, 
when the guests of honor arrived, a way had to be 
opened to the boxes for them. The two bands 
kept plaving palriolii' airs and the tunes of long 
ago until well on in the evening, the crowds, cheer- 
ing as the favorites were rendered, or when a 
change in the music announced the arrival of one 
of the notables, when all eyes were directed 
toward the boxes at the head t^f the hall and each 
guest was given generous welcome. 

Perhaps the greatest applause on arriving of that 
given an\- (jf the guests was accorded General 



(83) 





MISS IIKSTKR LOUISE PITT-T.WLOR 
Of England, descendant of William Pitt, C.uc-st of the Citv 



MISS MADELINE HESTER PITT-TAYLOR 

Of England, di-sccndant of William Pitt. C".ui.-st of the Citv 





MR. .VRIULR I ORIJES 
Of Scotland, descendant of General Forbes, Guest of the City 



MRS. ARTHLR loRBES 
Of Scotland, Guest of the Citv 



(84) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



S. B. M. Young, whom every one seemed to 
recognize the moment lie stepped into his 
box. It might not he inappropriate right here 
to state that the veteran of home and foreign 
wars came in for more attention later on, for 
he had as his partner in the granfl march Miss 
Madeline Pitt-Taylor, who made a strikingly 
handsome figure in her gown of heavy cream- 
colored satin. 

Tt is no reflection on the carriage or the a])pear- 
ance uf the others that the retired soldier and the 
young woman from abroad were instantly picked 
out as the handsome couple of the group. Whv 
not ? Was not the soldier ever one to appear 
to advantage no less upon the ballroom floor 
than on the battlefield? And who more fitting 
for his soldierly bearing to oft'set her grace than 
this daughter of a noble house ? 

And while here it also may be proper to remark 
about another incident of the evening in which the 
people — all of them — showed not that they wel- 
comed the stranger less, but that they loved their 
own kind more — more particularly when she of 
their own kind was of the name and family of 
him, the noblest character of time, whom Provi- 
dence gave to America. It was no ordinary wel- 
come, even from the 12,000 gathered in the great 
hall, that was given Miss Martha Washington, 
when her name was announced for the grand 
march. It was the patriotism of the people burst- 
ing forth in an ovation to the delicate woman 
whose sweet face some one near her remarked 
bore in it traces of the character the artists have 
liked to depict when they painted the portrait 
of her great namesake. She seemed surprised 
for the instant at the applause which made the 
announcer halt, and then she inclined her liead 
in a bow that took in all the house. 

The march was led l)y Mayor Guthrie escorting 
Miss Pitt-Taylor; following them came Arthur 
Forbes with Mrs. Guthrie, and ne.xt in order Gen- 
eral Young and Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, Presi- 
dent of Common Council William Branrl and Mrs 
Forbes, the Hon. Eric Collier and Mrs. Stevenson, 



Select Councilman William IT. Stevenson and 
Miss Martha Washington. 

When the march had been concluded the guests 
of honor returned to their boxes and shortly after- 
ward retired from the dance to which the Mayor 
had bidden them in closing his address. 

The address of the city executive began with a 
tribute to the i.)eoi)le for the demonstration of 
loyalty they have given in their response to the 
request for a proper celebration of the sesfjui- 
centennial. He said it showed that the people 
were proud of their city and loyal to it — as it 
was right they should be, for the city deserved 
well of all its people. Continuing he said: 

"The life of this city is as intense as the fires 
in its furnaces. Into this city pour the represent- 
atives of every race upon earth and from this 
material we have to mould the citizenship of the 
future — and we are doing it and doing it nobly 
There are greater forces at work in this city for 
the uplift of the race than ever before. Education, 
morality, religion and hard work are the basis 
on which we are building for the future. 

'T hope, even in my years, to see the time when 
the city will be Ix'tter, as we are constandy striving 
to make it better: when it will be free from the 
clouds of smoke that have overhung it and made 
day like night: when it will be free from pre- 
ventible diseases that have stunted the life of its 
people: when all that the city can provide is 
done to give an o])portunity to all its vouth 
to grow to noljle manhood and to noble woman- 
hood. The future of the nation depends on 
the mental, the moral and the ])livsical stamina 
of its people. We must see to it that those we 
give to the world will lie fit to earrv out the 
nation's destiny. 

'T know this city; I know its past: I know its 
people, and I say I am proud of this, my native 
Pittsburgh. We lia\e every right to assert our- 
sehes, for we lia\e done and we are doing a work 
in industry, in educatit^n, in religion, that will give 
us a place in the forefront of the cities of the world 
for all time. 



(8.S) 




(86) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 



"And now I give you .i;rcctin<; once ui^ain unci, 
in the words of the poet: 'On with the dance.' " 

And they did his bidding and chased the glow- 
ing hours with Hying feet. 

As the representative of the man who more tlian 
any other is nearest to the .American heart, Miss 
Martha Washington was the object of greatest 
interest among those who attended the reception 
last night. Miss Washington is the great great- 
granddaughter of Samuel Walter Washington, 
full brother of George Washington. Her great- 
grandfather was George Stephen WashiiiL^ton, Iut 
grandfather was Samuel Walter Washington and 
iier father was George Lafayette Washington. 
Miss Washington does not resemble the portraits 
of her illustrious relative e.xcept in her blue eyes. 
She is of medium height and slender build, and 
her leatures are delicately moulded. She has soft 
dark brown hair, which she wears simply, and 
is of frank, pleasing and unaffected manner. Last 
evening she was gowned in a dove-colored eoline. 
trimmed with ecru lace anrl with touches of tur- 
quoise velvet. 

Xe.\t in interest was Miss Hester Louise Pitl- 
Taylor, the direct descendant of William Pitt, 
Miss Pitt-Taylor is distinctly English in appear- 
ance. Last night she was simply but richly 
gowned. She wore a black evening dress finished 
at the neck mth white lace, and over this a long 
black velvet cloak, which she kept on the entire 
evening, the hall being cold and draughty. Iler 
niece. Miss Madeline Hester Pitt-Taylor, was 
especially charming in a heavy, cream-colored 
satin, with insets of tucked chiffon and an aigrette 
dusted with silver in lur light hair. 



Mrs. .Vrlhur l'"orbes, who, as the wile of the 
man whose name is closely associated with 
Pittsburgh, also received particular attention. 
She wore a gown of black sillk, with jet spangles. 
With Mr. Forbes, the Hon. Erie E. Collier and 
General Young they were the special guests in the 
official boxes. Mrs. George W. Guthrie, wife 
of Mayor Guthrie, was the official hostess of 
the evening. Mrs. Guthrie was gowned in an 
iridescent blue jumper costume trimmed with 
white lace. 

Other special guests of the evening occupying 
the bo.xes were Mrs. W. K. Shiras, who wore an 
effective costume of corn-colored silk, and white 
lace; Mrs. George W. Gill, who wore a black and 
white striped chiffon with white lace; Miss 
Mary Louise Jackson had on a handsome cos- 
tume of black silk trimmed with white and black 
laces; Mrs. Frank Semple Bissell wore black 
velvet with duchesse lace and jet spangles. Mrs. 
Herbert DuPuy wore pale heliotrope satin, and 
Mrs. James L Kay was in light gray. Mrs. W. 
II. Stevenson wore a white lingerie costume, 
and Miss Stevenson was in pink: lilac satin 
was worn bv .Mr<. J. A. Kelh', jr.. and mode 
voile over pink by .Mrs. George H. Lehman; 
Miss Marie Patterson wore a pink-llowered 
organdie, and Miss .Matilda Louise Patterson 
white organdie. 

.\mong others in tlu' boxes were Mr. and Mrs 
Edward G. Lang, Captain and AL-s. James A 
Henderson, John H. Jackson, Herbert DuPuy 
Hamilton Stewart, C. E. E. Childers, Andrew J 
Kelly, Jr.. James 1. Kay, and George ^L Lehman 
MaJ. and Mr>. A. J. Henderson. 



(87) 





THO.MAS MURRISOX 



DAMEL M. CLEMSON 





GEORGE E. McCAGUE 



A. R. PEACOCK 



(88) 





A. J. BARR 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



A. P. MOORE 
General Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





SAMUEL L. ANDREWS 
GrcaiiT Pittsljurgh Day Sesqui-Ccntcnnial Committee 



(8q) 



SAM L EL HAMILTON' 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





D.WIl) P.. OI.IVKR 



S. IAR\'1S .\n.\MS 





'"•^ 



WILLIAM IIURU 



ALBERT GRAIIVM 



(90) 





J U. \UliL 
First Vicc-Cliairman Railroad Sesqui-Cenli-nnial CommilUv 



A. M. SCHUVKR 
Second \'icc Chairman Railroad Scsqui-Centeiinial Committee 





!•:. II. UTLEY 
Railroad Sesqui Centennial Committee 



(90 



L. A. Romsox 

Railroad Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





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DAVIIJ T. WATSON 
(ireatLT Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Conimiuee 



Jl'Df.K JA.MKS 11. REED 
r.rcater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Coniniitlce 





J. DAWSON GALLERY 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Centennial Committee 



(g2) 



WESLEY S. GUFFEY 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Centennial Committee 




(93) 





llKXkV Sl'KOUL 
Greater Pillsburi^h Day Sosqui-Cenlinnial Committee 



C. A. PAINTER 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centunnial Committee 





HARRY MARLIN 
(Jreatcr Pitt.sl)uri;h Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(94) 



JOHN C. SLACK 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




(95) 





DAVID E. PARK 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Commitlce 



HERBERT DU PUY 
Greater Piltsburgli Day Committee 



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53^ ^^ 






WILLIAM G. PARK. 
Finance Committee 



FRANK B. SMITH 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Committee 



(96) 




(97) 



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ROBERT S. SMITH 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Scstiui-CuiUcmiial Committee 



JOHN D. McCUNE 
Finance Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 





J. IJE.WV LVO.V CHARLES F. DEAX 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day SesquiCentcnnial Commiilee 

(q8) 





OLIVER McCLIXTOCK 
Reception Sesqui-Centennial Comniiltee 



JOHX G. PEW 
Greater Pittsl)urnh Day Sesc|ui-CcTitcnnial Committee 





\V. II. IKJNNKR 
Greater Pittsburgh Day S^'squi-Cenlcnnial Committee 



(99) 



ki:i:d f. ulair 

tlreater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





HON. H. KIRK PORTER 
Reception Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



JAMES I. KAY 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





I.. L. MlCLEI.I.AXD XORWOUI) JUHNSOX 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee Clreater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(ico) 




(lOl) 





JOHN' r. SllKA 
C.rrator Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-CVntcnnial Committee 



II. A. Kl ll.\ 
Greater Piltsburgli Day Sesqui Centennial Committee 





W. S. BROWN JOHN G. SPLANE 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day SeSiqui-Centennial Committee 

(102) 




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J. M. HANSEN 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



TAYLOR ALDERDICE 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 





LOUIS BROWN \V. D. HENRY 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee (ircater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(104) 




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(105) 






E. W. PARGNV 
Greater Pittsburgh Day SesquiCi-nlennial Commillee 



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J. H. NICHOLSON 
Greater Piitsljurgh Day Sesqui Centennial Committee 




\V. R. 13ALS1NGER U. V. COLLINUWOOD 

Greater Pittsburgh Day SesquiCcntennial Commillee Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(io6) 




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WALTER LYON 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Crntcnnial Committee 



JOHN P. HUNTER 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui Centennial Committee 






WILLIAM A. BLAKLLV 
District Attorney 



(io8) 



WARREN SEYMOUR 
First Assistant Distnct Attorney 




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(109) 





SAM F. SIPE 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Contpnnial Committee 



C. E. SATLER 
Greater Pittsburf;h Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee 





HAMILTON STEWART H. S. PAUL 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day Scsqui-Centennial Committee 

(no) 




(II.) 




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JLLIAX KENNEDY 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



EDWARD J. TAYLOR 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 





PALL DIDIER 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(112) 



GEORGE T. BARNSLEY 
General Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




Courtesy of Dispatch 



CITV HALL 
Showing the beautiful decorations, during the Sesqui-Centennial. 1908 

(113) 



|bl ipi^ 





W. GLVUE WILKINS 
General Scsqui-Ccnlennial Co'iimitU-t- 



EMIL SWENSSON 
General Pcsqui-Ccntennial Committee 





GEORGE X. DAVISON 
General Scs<|ui-Centennial Committee 



(114) 



EDWIN K. MORSE 
General SesquiCcntennial Committee 




NIXON THEATRI.. PUBLIC SAFETY BUILDING AXI) TIIK II. SAMSOX BUIUHNg''''''''''' 
Showing the decorations during the Sesqui-Crnionnial 





R. B. WARD 
Chairman Merchants Subfinance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



ALBERT YORK SMITH 
Cliaimian Grand Stand Sesqui-Centennial Commiilec 





CLARENCE BURLEIGH 
Greater Pittsburgh Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



(ii6) 



RICIIARU SCAXDRETH 
Greater Piltsljurgh Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




SHOWIXd THE HLKCTRICAL DISPLAY OF THK UNION' 

This was one of the grandest displays during the Sesqui-Centennial. 1908 

(T17) 



Courtesy of Dispatch 

STATION 





J^ 




JOHN A. BELL 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commiltee 



J. C. CHAPLIN 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commitlee 





A. E. NEIMAN 
Finance Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 



(ii8) 



W. C. LOWRIE 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 




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(■T9) 





LAWRENCE DILWORTH 
Greater Pittslmr^h I);iv Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



r N. JONES 
dreater Piltsljurgli Day Sesqui-Ccnlennial Committee 








WTLBLiR SCHENK 
Gn-atcr IMllslmrnh Day Sesqui-Ccnlennial Committee 



J J. PLANNER Y 
Greater Pittsl)urj;h Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



:i2o) 




Courtesy of Dispatch 
KXABEXSHUE'S AIRSHIP CIRCLIXG AROUND THE BIGELOW MOXUMEXT. SCHEXLEV PARK 



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Courtesy of Pittsburgh Post 
CROWD ON IIITH AVENUE. GRANT STREET ARCH HEAD Ol- COIKT OK HONOR 



(.21) 




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(r22) 



MARINE COMMITTEE 

of 

GENERAL SESQUI-CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE 

CAPTAIN JAMES A. HENDERSON, Chairman 
ALEXANDER DEMPSTER J. FRANK TILLEY W. E. ROE 

GEORGE W. THEISS JAMES MOREN VV. T. SMOOT 

WARREN ELSEY A. R. MACKEY C. H. STOLZENBACH 

W. H. CRUMP G. L. KELLY P. M. PFIEL 

i\LAJ. H. C. NEWCOMER R. N. BOLES J. K. DAVIDSON 

THOi\LAS M. REES J. G. GEEGAN A. R. BUDD 

G.W.THOMAS H. P. DILWORTH J. D. O'NEIL 

W. HARRY BROWN M. T. EPPLING 

GEORGE M. LEHMAN, Secretary 

MARINE RECEPTION COMMITTEE 

ALEXANDER DEMPSTER 
MAJ. H. C. NEWCOMER J. FRANK TILLEY J. G. GEEGAN 

H. P. DILWORTH W. HARRY BROWN J. K. DAVIDSON 

GEORGE M. LEHMAN 

LADIES' MARINE RECEPTION COMMITTEE 

MRS. JAS. A. HENDERSON MRS. WARREN ELSEY 

MRS. GEORGE M. LEHMAN MRS. ALEXANDER DEMPSTER 

MRS. THOMAS M. REES MRS. H. C. NEWX'OMER 

ADMIRAL— JAMES A. HENDERSON 
REAR ADMIRAL-WARREN ELSEY 

f 1— JOHN I ORR, Lt. Commander 
I 2--1 
G. L. KELLY, Commander -, 3- J" H. D. J AMES, Lieutenant 

sZ/R. G. STROUD, Ensign 

A. R. MACKEY, Commander \ 7— [ HOLMES HARGER, Lt. Comdr. 

G. W.THOMAS, Commander ( 9-HARRY BAUM, Lt. Commander 

THOMAS M. REES, Commander 

ARTHUR MOREN, Commander i 10 - LEWIS MINK, Lt. Commander 

I T. P. BINGY. Lt. Commander 

R. N. BOLES, Commander - 11— J. F. ROBERTSON, Lieutenant 

L G. A. CAREY, Ensign 

HISTORICAL CHARACTERS 

Cavelier de La Salle-DR. WILLIAM FARRAR 

Officers— G. W. HENDERSON, P. E. ZIMMERMAN. I. E. BOOBEYER 

Capt. M. de Celeron— MAI. A. I. HENDERSON 

Officers-M. de Contrecoeur— DR. (GEORGE I". GREGG 

Chabert de |oncaire—(]EO. STOCKTON LEHMAN 

Coulon de Viliiers— H. D. PARKIN 

Priest- .\LBERT DARRAGH Christopher Gist— WILLI. \.M WELL 

(George Washington- MARSHALL HENDERSON 



(123) 



m 



WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1908 



MARINE DAY 

W'cdnesduy, September 30th, was Marine Da}'. 
It was signalized by the greatest pageant ever 
given on the rivers. The parade began at 11 a. 
M. The route was from the Smithfield Street 
Bridge to the Davis Island Dam and return. The 
whole history of the navigation of the Ohio was 
represented. .\11 the- members of the- Marine 



The order of the Marine Parade was as follows: 

1. Indian Canoe fleet, manned by thirty Cornplanter 
Indians, headed by Thomas W. Jacobs, a descendant of the 
great chief Cornplanter. 

2. Rene Robert Cavclier Sieur de La Salic, with French 
followers and Indians in canoes. 

3. Captain Bienville de Celeron, with French followers 
and Indian.s in canoes. 

4. ("leorgo Washington and (iist on raft. 




rt<' y ( hf' 'Tiiirlc-Telt'cniph 



TWO ADMIR.VLS OF THE MARINE PARADE 
Capt James .A. Henderson and Captain Warren Elsev 



Committee worked hard. Especial credit is 
due to the Chairman, Capt. James A. Henderson, 
and the Secretary, George M. Lehman, the latter 
having done valuable work in studying the his- 
tory of navigation and in preparing designs for 
the historic floats. The Ladies' Reception Com- 
mittee, headed by Mrs. James .A.. Henderson, 
also did e.xcellent work. 



5. Pioneers traveling westward in llatboat (houseboat). 

6. Raft of rough timbers. 

7. First boat propelled by steam (New Orleans). 

8. Coal l)oal.s (pair). 

9. Fleet of modern canoes. 

10. Towboats of the present day. 

1 1. Dredge boats, sand diggers, &c. 
1 2. Mntiir boats. 



In 



there were over four hundred craft in 



(124) 





MAJOR A. J. HENDERSON 
Marshal of Labor Division of Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 



J. FRANK TILLEY 
Sub-Chairman of Coal Operators 
Marine Sesqui-Centcimial Committee 





VV. HARRY BROWN 
Marine Scsqui-Cenlennial Committee 



(•25) 



MARSHALL HENDERSON 
Marine Scsqui-Ccnicnnial Committee 





C. E. E. CHILDERS 
Invitation Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



\V. L. LYONS 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 




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A. M. IMBRIE 
Second Vice-Cbairman Invitation Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



IKAXK. I. GOSSKR 
Greater Pittsliurgli Day Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



(126) 




(127) 




Courtesy Post 



Tin: TWO FLAGSHIPS, DL'QUESNE AXD HENRY LOL•Rl■;^ , l.\ MARIXE PARADE 




Courtesy Sun 



PART (JE MARINE PARADE NEAR DAVIS ISLAND DAM. STEAMBOATS IN PAIRS 

(128) 



PITTSBURGH 



S E S Q U 1 - C E N T E N N I A L 



the parade, including fifty large steam boats. In 
addition to the Cornplanter Indians there were 
many whites in Indian costume. 

The pageant was witnessed by immense crowds, 
numbering several hundred thousand people. 
These filled all the space on the Monongahela 
wharf between the water edge and the building 
line and from the Smithficld Street Bridge to 
the Point. All the buildings fronting on the river 
in this distance were filled with spectators. The 
shores on the South Side, Manchester and the 
West End, as well as Duquesne Heights, the 
bridges, &c., were thronged with people. 

EARLY HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH 

The first tribe of Indians setUing in the .\lle- 
gheney \'alley, so far as knowTi, was the .\lligewi. 
This tribe was conquered by the Lenni Lenape 
of Delaware Indians and from these braves of 
the forest the country of the .Allegheny Ri\er 
was WTCsted by the Iroquois or Si.x Nations. This 
great confederation practically controlled most 
of the Xorthwcstern quarter of the United States, 
— the haughty Senecas being the most warlike 
and powerful clan. In the Marine Parade, to- 
day, will appear Thomas W. Jacobs, acting as 
chief, at the head of the canoe fleet, a direct de- 
scendant of the great Seneca chief Gyanwahai, 
(Cornplanter), once the principal chief of the Si.x 
Nations. Cornplanter died on the Allegheny River, 
in Northern Pennsylvania, in 1836, aged about 100 
years. What is left of the tribe still live there, in 
peace, on the Government Reservation. 

Rene Robert Cavelier Sieur De La Salle was 
born in Rouen, France, in 1643. He sails for 
Canada to seek his fortune, in 1666, reaches 
Montreal and finally La Chine, where he learns 
much of the Indian language and customs. From 
a band of Seneca Indians he hears of the great 
river Ohio. According to some authorities, it 
was in 1669, or the following year, that he set 
forth with a party of P>ench and Indians on the 
expedition of discovery and upon arriving at the 
upper waters of the Ohio (.\llegheny River) de- 

(t 



scended the stream with his flotilla, as indicated 
by a memorial left by him. to a falls which ob- 
structed it, where now stands Louisville. 

Captain Bienville De Celeron, Knight of the 
Order of St. Louis, was dispatched by the Gov- 
ernor-General of Canada to take possession of 
the Ohio \-allc\- iov the purpose of connecting the 
French Setdements scattered along that and the 
Mississippi valleys. Celeron left La Chine in 
June, 1749 with a considerable party, consisting 
of French Soldiers, Canadians and Indians. Pro- 
ceeding by the St. Lawrence and the great lakes 
his flotilla finally reached a portage where, by 
great labor, the canoes and provisions were trans- 
ported to Lake Chatauqua. This lake was trav- 
ersed and the .Allegheny River reached and finally 
the Ohio. Leaden plates were placed at prom- 
inent points to claim the country for France. Cel- 
leron's principal officers were Captain M. de 
ContrccoL'ur — later commandant of Fort Du- 
quesne, and Lieutenants Coulon de Villiers and 
Chabert de Joucaire. 

Washington and Gist — In 1753 the English, 
becoming uneasy at the inroads of the French, 
Governor Dinwiddle, of \'irginia, decided to send 
a remonstrance to the French posts. George 
\\'ashington, though onlv twentv-onc vears of 
age, was selected for the arduous duty; He was 
experienced in woodcraft and recognized as hav- 
ing unusual genius, — it was his first public service. 
Enroute he visited the "Forks of the Ohio" and 
was the first to call attention to its natural advan- 
tages. The return from the Lake Erie posts 
through the dense forests, was made in December. 
The expedition was unsuccessful, as the French 
were still fletermined to take possession of the 
Ohio. When the Allegheny River was reached 
Washington, with his guide and companion, Chris- 
topher Gist, prominent in frontier life, found it 
necessary to construct a raft to aid them in reach- 
ing what was then called Shannopinstown (an 
Indian village located several miles above the 
"Forks,"); from here the journey was continued 
back to Virginia. 

29) 




uso) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



The Rivers, Navigation — Actual boat building 
at Pittsburgh, began about the year 1780. About 
1800, several schooners and some war vessels 
for ocean service were built. 'I'lie rixers weTe, of 
course, na\'igated at a much earlier date. The 
canoes of the Indians and the bateaux of the 
French gave place to the flat, or Kentucky, boat 
and the keel boat of tliu .\mericans. These 
early boats were of small size. Pittsburgh was 
the gateway to the West. The early settlers 
crossed the Allegheny Mountain by pack horse, 
later, Conestoga wagon, and then, stage coach; 
upon reaching the Ohio or tributaries, the flat, 
resembling an ark, was built and floated by the 
current to the far West or intermediate points. 
Whole families, including provisions, furniture 
and live stock, floated under one roof. The jour- 
ney down the Ohio was dangerous, on account 
of Indians and, in places, the rough channel. The 
old rafting days were notable for adventures — 
sometimes a dozen large rafts of unhewn timber, 
from the giants of the forest, could be seen at one 
time running the tortuous ^Allegheny; when they 
were not eciuipped with shanties, the raftsmen 
stopped over night in old taverns, on the shore, 

The Xew Orleans, the first steamboat to ply 
the Western rivers, was built at Pittsburgh, in 181 1 , 
under plans of Robeit Fulton, by Nicholas Roose- 
velt, great-granduncle of President Roosevelt. 
The wife of the builder was on board and as the 
boat left on her way to New Orleans the whole 
town turned out to wish lier bon voyage. Peo- 
ple along the route thought that the boat could 
go down stream all right but not up — Roosevelt 
delayed his trip to prove that thev were mistaken 
by running from Louisville to C'incinnalli and 
return. From this time steam.boats were grad- 
ually fleveloped, of fine ]iro])r)rtions. for passenger 
and freight service. 

About 1835 coal boats (Broadhorns) were jjuill 
to carry coal; they were floated, lashed together 
in pairs, and carried about fwc hundred tons. 
Coal, to-day, is taken in large fleets, composed 
of barges or boats, carrying in the aggregate aI)out 

(i 



18,000 tons and transported by a single towboat. 
In the lower river, these fleets are increased some- 
times to a capacity of nearly 60,000 tons, or 56 
coal boats in one llet-t. 

300,000 SEE RIVER PARADE 

.\t least 300,000 persons witnessed the marine 
pageant on the Monongahehi and Oliio rivers 
yesterday, in connection with the sesqui-centen- 
nial celebration. 

Some estimates placed it as high as 500,000, 
but Admiral James A. Henderson, Vice Admiral 
\\'arren Elsey, Captain J. Frank Tilley, Captain 
P. W. Boli and Major William H. Davis, all ex- 
perts in sizing up crowds, agreed on the more con- 
ser\-ative estimate of 300,000. The crowd formed 
one of the greatest sights ever seen in Pittsburgh. 
It certainly is not often that one has an opportunity 
of seeing so many individuals at the same time. 

The marine pageant was all that could be 
desired. It was a drama in which the story of 
equipment for ri\er navigation was acted out 
with illustrations of its earliest forms to the pres- 
ent triumphs in steam and electrical locomotions. 
Indian canoes Avcre introduced in the first act and 
the finale had motor boats. Intervening were 
types of ever}- other de\"ice for ri\er na\igation. 

The spectacle was given brilliance by the gaily 
dressed crowds of excursionists on all the steamers. 
There was music and laughter, and the whistles 
of the steamers continually blowing salutes. It 
was an animated, joyous spectacle. 

P)Ut the crowd — thi' memorv of tliat will 
linger long. 

From Smithfield Street to Market: from Water 
lo ihe river's edge — all one sea of faces, acres 
of human beings packed together, yet everv one 
of them in the best of good humor, and ever and 
anon waving their kerchiefs at the people on the 
boats. They say a crowd of 12,000 was assem- 
bled in Du(|uesne garden last Mondav night, on 
the occasion of the reception by the Mayor and 
councils to the city's honor guests. That crowd 
gathered at the river's edge 3-esler(lay morning, to 

30 




CAPTAIN BIENVILLE DE CELERON, 



Historical characters: Captain M. De Celeron, by Major A. J. Henderson; 
Priest, Albert Darragh. 



Courtesy Disi 
WITH FRENCH FOLLOWERS AND INDIANS IN CANOES 



Chabert De Joucaire, by G. Stockton Lehman; 




l"wiirtcs\- nispatfh 



INDIANS ANIi WIIU'ES IN CANOE READY FOR MARINE I'AKADi; 

(132) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



OTtness the start of the parade at 1 1 o'clock, would 
have filled about fifteen Duquesne gardens. Then 
add to this the thousands who took up their sta- 
tions on all the bridges crossing the river along the 
line of the parade. And now we come to one of the 
most interesting features in sizing up the crowd. 

There are almost continuous lines of bluft's on 
both sides of the Ohio, between Pittsburgh and 
Davis Island dam. These were covered bv 
spectators the entire distance. From Pittsburgh 
to Davis Island dam is about six miles long. 
Taking both sides into consideration, the result is 
a crowd twelve mOes in length. If thev were to 
stand single file in this distance, 38,000 persons 
could be in line. Well, they didn't stand in 
single file. They stood in bunches. — in fact, 
one bunch, a continuous bunch on both sides of 
the river from the Smithfield Street bridge to 
Davis Island dam. Three hundred thousand 
certainly is a very conservative estimate. 

There also was a great crowd on the ri\er. 
The forty-seven steamers in the parade carried in- 
dividually from 75 to 250 e.xcursionists. It was 
estimated by some that at least 8,000 persons took 
part in the parade. 

The great crowd of spectators, in their festi- 
val costumes, presented an intensely interesting 
picture. It was a variegated mass of colors. 

"Look I" cried one observer. "The red, white. 
and blue I" 

And sure enough, in the direction in which he 
was looking, the colors of the clothing worn by 
the spectators certainly warranted the remark. 
To some the great expanse of faces and the colors 
of the clothes worn suggested a flower garden. 
Nearly every observer got a different impression 
from viewing the crowd. And ihcn wlicn all 
those thousands upon thousands of spectators 
began waving salutes with their white kerchiefs, 
the scene was dazzling. This led one of the ob- 
servers to compare the appearance of the crowd 
then to "a choppy sea." .Although not an 
elegant figure, it was not entirely without warrant. 
'Call it just a sea," was suggested, "and then 

(i 



add that the fluttering handkerchiefs are grace- 
fully moving whitecaps." The crowds along 
the banks were always the most interesting sights. 

The honor guests of the city were amazed, 
almost starded by the size of the crowds. Thev 
admitted that it formed the greatest, most inter- 
esting spectacle they had ever seen. And the 
greeting and salutes given to the city's guests by 
that crowd were remarkable for their volume 
and display of good feeling. 

The oflicial party was on the flagships Henrv 
Lourey and Duquesne, which had been lashed 
together. The Pitt-Taylors, Mr. and Mrs. Forbes, 
Eric Collier, Miss ^Martha Washington and Gener- 
al S. B. M. Young, reached the wharf at 11 o'clock 
under the escort of Mrs. James A. Henderson 
and Mrs. Alexander Dempster, the trip from the 
Hotel Schenley, their headquarters, to the boat 
being made in two automobiles. By the time 
the automobiles turned into Water Street from 
Smithfield Street the crowd they encountered was 
then so large that the party could get through it 
only very slowly. Frequent stops had to be made, 
but there was no impatience shown by the occu- 
pants of the automobiles. The greetings they 
got more than recompensed them for the delavs. 
All in the part}- bowed right and left and smiled 
time and again, as some pleasant remark was 
directed at them. By the time the distinguished 
visitors reached the gangplank the crowd appar- 
ently had become well acquainted with who they 
were, but there was not one single greetinsc or 
remark that did not show a good will so marked 
that the visitors just had to keep on bowing. 

The visitors were deeply impressed by this 
whole-souled demonstration on the part of the 
crowd. The latter seemed determined that every 
oflicial declaration of welcome should be backed 
up in every detail. The visitors certainly can 
rest assured of the heartiness of their welcome 
in Pittsburgh. It was again tendered yesterday, 
300,000 strong. 

"I never before saw anything like it." said 
Eric Collier. '•The heartiness of the Pittsburgh 

.33) 




Courtesy Chronicle-Telegraph 
■ WASHING TO.X A.XU GIST CROSSING THE ALLEGHENY RIVER, 1753" 
Historical characters: George Washington, by Marshall Henderson; Christopher Gist, by William Well 




INDIANS IN CANOE 
The Indians were a big feature of the Marine Parade 



Courtesy Dispatch 



(134) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



spirit is remarkable. It tills you with a feeling 
of kinship the moment you encounter it. You 
just cannot help being glad tliat ynu are in Pitts- 
burgh. Everybody here seems to be o\xTflo\ving 
with good will. 

'■ We see nothing like the heartiness of the Pitts- 
burgh spirit in England. There the feeling is 
more reserved. Here it catches you right up and 
takes you with it. Our stay here has been made 
so pleasant in an official way that the members 
of our party are talking of staying in the city for 
another week as private visitors. We want to 
learn more of this wonderful Pittsburgh, want to 
have time to look long on it anrl think." 

"Wonderful! Wonderful I" was the comment 
of Miss Hester Louise Pitt-Taylor. 

Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor has developed into 
a regular Pittsburgher. She talks of local insti- 
tutions in a way that shows her keen interest in 
the things she sees, and while on the trip yester- 
day she carried a camera and took snap shots of 
scenes along the route. 

There was deep impressi\-eness in a comment 
made by Miss Martha Washington as the steamer 
was passing the Point. She had been observing 
the crowds and scenery along the way, and almost 
unconsciously these words fell from her lips: 

"Truly a great and wonderful city." 

It was a graceful pronouncement of the ful- 
fillment of the prediction made long ago by her 
noted relative, George Wasliington, tliat "the 
Forks of the Ohio" would some time be the site 
of a great city. 

-Vrthur Forbes took great interest in a descrip- 
tion of the features about the Point by Congress- 
man W. H. Graham. "It was there that your 
relative (General Forbes) landed," or "your rela- 
tive walked about on the spot," were some of the 
announcements of Mr. Graham. Mrs. Forbes, 
at her liusband's elbow, showed efjual interest in 
the description. 

General Young has not been a resident of 
Pittsburgh since 1861, when he went to the war, 
but he said yesterday, as the boat was gliding 

(1 



gracefully along its way, that he still felt as if he 
were a good Pittsburgher, for he found every- 
thing about the city so full of interest to him. 

It is not enough to say that the great spectacle 
of yesterday was a river pageant. It was more. 
It was an outing, a picnic, a series of interesting 
social functions. On practically every steamer 
were parties, luncheons, or family outings, which 
only enhanced the enjoyment of the parade. 
Officers of many of the steamers had given their 
vessels up almost entirely to their friends. In 
many ways it was a series of lloating social func- 
tions, although the democratic spirit reigned 
over it all, and there was no one who did not ha\-e 
a good time. Everybody appeared to be trying to 
make ever3'body else enjoy himself. It was an 
ideal day, an ideal occasion, and an ideal success. 

Mrs. James A. Henderson, Chairman of the 
Ladies' Marine Reception Committee, and the 
other members, ^Nlrs. Alexander Dempster, iMrs. 
Warren Elsey, ^^Irs. Thomas M. Rees, ^Irs. George 
M. Lehman and Mrs. II. M. Xewcomer, were in 
charge of the social program of the flagships. 
They handled it in a way that demonstrated their 
good judgment as well as their skill, for they 
saw to it that the other guests had a chance to 
meet the distinguished visitors from abroad, 
and tlic merriest, heartiest of good-will pre\-ai]ed 
throughout. 

Mrs. Guthrie, wife of Mayor Guthrie, Mrs. 
W. H. Stevenson. Mrs. William Farrar, Mrs. 
Samuel A. Amnion, and others aided in promoting 
the social spirit. Mayor Guthrie, Congressmen 
Dalzcll, Burke and Graham, Dr. J. A. Hrashear, 
W. H, Stevenson, II. W. Xeely. Alexander 
Dempster, George M. Lehman. J. l-'nink Tilley, 
.\dmiral Henderson and \'ice-.\dmiral Elsey also 
contributed much to the success of the occasion. 

It is perhaps due entirely to the very careful 
policing of the water front that no accidents 
occurred there by pushing or jamming. Super- 
intendent of Police McQuaide was personally in 
charge, but the police were under the direct man- 
agement of In>|)ictor Lawrence Bartley. Super- 

35) 




(i36) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



intendent and Mrs. McQuaidc and Director and 
Mrs. Lang were with the party on the flagships. 

Buffet luncheons were served on all the steamers. 
On the flagships the official party, which spent 
considerable of its time in the pilot room of the 
Duquesne, where it could command an excellent 
view of the parade and the scenery along the way, 
went to luncheon in the following order: General 
Young and Mrs. Guthrie, ^liss Pitt-Taylor and 
Mayor Guthrie, Miss Madeline Hester Pitt- 
Taylor and James Francis Burke, Mr. Forbes 
and Mrs. Elsey, Mrs. Forbes and Congressman 
Graham, Miss Washington and Congressman 
Dalzell, Mrs. Henderson and Dr. Brashear, Eric 
Collier and Miss Anna Stevenson. 

It was indeed a pretty picture that greeted the 
crowds when they began gathering at the river 
front yesterday morning. Forty-seven steamers, 
all gaily decorated with the Stars and Stripes, and 
city colors and pennants, were tied up along the 
wharf. Their clean, white color furnished a 
splendid background for the streaming decora- 
tions. Many brass bands were in ser\dce on the 
steamers, and they speedily keyed the spirits of 
the crowd to a pitch of enthusiasm by playing 
patriotic and popular airs. The sun was shining 
sufficiently to drive away the chill of the early 
morning and cause beams to dance over the water. 
The whole atmosphere was that of a great regatta. 
Swifdy-plying little motor boats and dispatch 
boats were hurrying in and out among the larger 
vessels delivering orders. The whisties were 
blowing continually. 

Cheers went up from the great crowd shordy 
before 12 o'clock, when they saw the Indians in 
their canoes set out from in the vicinity of the 
Smithfield Street bridge. That was the signal that 
the parade had started. The Indian canoes, the 
first style of water craft were furnishing a basis 
from which the development of the other vessels 
could be followed. There were thirty of the Corn- 
planter Indians of the Warren County reservation 
in the canoes, with Chief Thomas W. Jacobs, a 
descendant of old Chief Cornplanter, at their head. 

(i 



Just before starting in the parade the Indians 
gave an exhibition war dance on a coal flat, to the 
great delight of all who \ntnessed it. There 
were many other "Indians" in the parade who 
were not Cornplanters, but they were expert 
canoeists. 

Following the Indian fleet came other canoes, 
in which were men attired to represent La Salle, 
de Celeron, French traders and Indians. The 
next in the historical line was a raft on which were 
George Washington and Christopher Gist. Fol- 
lowing them were pioneers traveling westw'ard 
in a flatboat. Another interesting feature was an 
old-fasliioned raft of rough timbers, on which 
several persons were riding. Xext came the old 
steamer, the New Orleans, the first steamboat 
to ply the western rivers. She was built in Pitts- 
burgh in 181 1, under plans of Robert Fulton, by 
Nicholas Roosc\-elt, a great-granduncle of former 
President Roosevelt. Afterward came coal-boats, 
a fleet of modern canoes, towboats of the present 
day, dredgeboats and sanddiggers and motor boats. 

Practically aU the steamers that got into line 
were lashed together, as follows: I. C. Woodward 
and Columbia, Sunshine, Glcanor and Boaz, 
Ed. Roberts and Tom Dodsworth, Raymond 
Horner and Alice Brown, Crescent and Monitor, 
Rival and Volunteer, Rover and J. C. Risher, 
Charley Clarke and Dave \\'ood, G. ^^^ Thomas 
and A. R. Budd, Henry A. Lauglilin and B. F. 
Jones, Jr., Titan and \'esta, Braddock and Jun- 
iata, Clyde and Volcano, T. P. Roberts and Slack- 
water. W. C. Jutte and P. M. Pfeil, Bertha and 
Crusader, Carbon and Clipper, H. P. Dilworth 
and John F. Klein, Lee H. Brooks and Diamond, 
Leader and ^^■. T. Smoot, Ella B. 

After the principal part of the parade liad passed 
in front of the reviewing vessels the flagships 
Henry Lourey and Duquesne s\\amg in ahead of 
tlic rest and steamed down toward Davis Island 
dam. After reaching there its return was of a 
triumphal nature. By that time the other 
steamers were ncaring the end of the journey, 
and one pair after another, as they were met, blew 

37) 




Courtesy Post 
KARLV SKTTLKRS OX HOUSKBOAT (FLATBOAT), TRAVELING WEST IN MARINE PAl^VDE 




Courtesy Leader 
KARLV SETTLERS AND HISTORICAL CHARACTERS READY FOR MARINE PARADE 



(138) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



salute to the tlagships. This was kept up prac- 
tically to the end of the return trip. It was a 
continuous round of salutation. 

After the men who had represented the his- 
torical characters in the parade had completed 
their trip to the dam they boarded the flagships 
where an impromptu reception was held for them. 
The guests of the cit}' were greatly interested in 
the historical features of the parade. 

While the parade was passing the Western 
penitentiary many of the prisoners were able to 
view it. Warden Johnston had issued orders 
that they might stand on the tiers facing the Ohio 
river to get a view of the boats. Shortly before the 
boats reached the spot the prisoners took up their 
stations, and they cheered enthusiastically while 
the pageant was passing. Som.e of the prisoners 
used opera glasses and others had field glasses- 

The parade was ended shortly after 4 o'clock. 
It was pronounced the greatest event of the kind 
ever held in this city. The nearest approach to 
it in the line of drawing a crowd was the dedica- 
tion of Davis Island dam, in 1885. Admiral 
Henderson said that the crowd yesterday was 
about seven times as large as that at the dedica- 
tion of the dam. 

HONOR GUESTS ON FLAGSHIP 
DUQUESNE 

When the flagships Ducjuesne and Henry 
Lourey backed out and took their places in the 
line fully 50,000 persons on shore gave the Chau- 
tauqua salute. Everybody who had a handker- 
chief wa\-ed it, those on the flagships responding 
to the greeting. It was a glorious sight. 

Mayor Guthrie, who was entertaining the 
honored guests. Miss Hester Pitt-Taylor, Miss 
.Madeline Pitt-Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur 
Forbes, Miss Martha Washington and General 
S. B. M. Young, called their attention to the glo- 
rious sight on shore. 

Everything passed f)ff like clockwork, but then 
the entire affair was in the hands of experienced 
navigators. When the flagship reached the head 

(i 



of Brunot's Island dense crowds were lined along 
both banks of the river and every floating craft 
was occupied by thousands who took possession 
of them all along the shore. 

Thousands also lined the hilltops and the tops 
of buildings which afforded advantageous places 
for witnessing the marine pageant. 

During the voyage to Davis Island dam the 
boats kept continually whistling and the noise 
was such that many fell victims to headache. 

During luncheon Captain Elsey was given a 
rousing reception by the guests on the Duquesne. 

.\s he entered the cabin some one proposed three 
cheers and a tiger, which were given with a will. 

Commodore Charles Painter, owner of the 
yacht Wauneta, used his boat as a patrol for the 
United States Government. 

It was 10:50 o'clock when the city's guests of 
honor arrived on board the Duquesne. The 
party was brought to the wharf in automobiles. 
Immediately upon the arrival they were taken to 
the pilot house of the boat. 

Those who composed the pilot house party 
were the honor guests and ^Mayor and Mrs. Guth- 
rie, Mrs. James A. Henderson, Burd S. Patterson, 
Congressman James Francis Burke, Congress- 
man W. H. Graham, Congressman John Dalzell, 
Mrs. WDliam Farrar, Mrs. T. M. Morton, Mrs. 
-Alexander Dempster, ^Irs. Thomas M. Rces, 
J\Irs. Warren Elsey, and Mrs. George M. Lehman. 

Among the prominent citizens aboard the flag- 
ship were: Judge Thomas D. Carnahan, George 
W. Thciss, president Monongahela River Con- 
solidated Coal and Coke Co., which owns 
many of the boats in the pageant; Captain W. 
Harry Brown, W. S. Brown, W. H. Neely, Judge 
J. J. 'Miller, Judge J. W. Over, Dr. C. C. Wylie, 
H. J. Heinz, Congressman John Dal/.ell, Alexan- 
der Dempster, W. C. Shaw, John Swan, Jr., 
John A. Brashear, John B. Logan. W. II. Steven- 
son, C. E. E. Childers, Dr. J. P. Shaw, Congress- 
man W. H. Graham, Director of the Department 
of Public Safety Edward G. Lang, Superintendent 
of Police Thomas A. McQuaide, ShcrilT Addison 

39) 




.Jg- 



to 



is 






i- = vi 

-a o ^ 

I =< 

^- ^- to 



I-H 



Ca( 



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.^ £ '1! 






C/3 



' c " 
! •- -3 



^::^K 



^CJ ° 



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(140) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Gumbcrt, Captain Isaac B. Williams, R. H. Boggs. 
J. W. Barber, W. S. Scott, G. \V. C. Johnston, A. 
Leo Weil, R. W. (iuthrie, Leslie Graham, A. M. 
Imbrie, Burd S. Patterson, J. W. Marsh, J- !>• 
Grimes, Chancellor S. B. McCormick, Thomas 
M. Walker, C. C. Scaife, Congressman James 
Francis Burke, J. W. Beatty , Thomas J. Haw- 
kins, J. P. Anderson, A. A. Hamerschlag, Thomas 
F. Eark, Sr. 



G. W. C. Johnston, Mrs. WOliam Thaw, Jr., 
Mrs. James I. Kay, Mrs. Thomas M. Walker, 
Mrs. C. C. Wiley and Miss Wiley, ^Irs. Albert 
Mackey, Mrs. J. F. Tilley and daughters, Mrs. 
W. H. .Stevenson, Mrs, H. D. Scully, Mrs. D. A. 
Wilbert, Mrs. J. M. Milliken, ^Irs. A. Leo Weil, 
Miss ■Mary Over, Mrs. James Francis Burke, 
Mrs. J. W. Beatty, ^Irs. Thomas McQuaide, 
Mrs. Edward G. Lang, Mrs. William Farrar, 




Courtesy of Gazette-Times 
KAkLV SKTTLERS OX KI.ATBOAT READV FOR TIIK NFAKIXK I'ARADK 



.\mong the prominent women aboard the llag- -Mrs. George T. Gregg, Mrs. Marshall Henderson, 
ship were: Mrs. Samuel A. .Ammon, Mrs. Joseph Mrs. George W. Henderson, Mrs. Alexander J. 



W. Marsh, Miss Bculah E. Kennard, Mrs. Warren 
Elsey, Mrs. R. II. I'.oggs, Mr>. John F. Steel, 
Mrs. Warren Fairbanks, Mrs. E. '1\ Cassidy, Mrs. 
S. B. McCormick, Mrs. William Mctcalf, Miss 
Eleanor Stevenson, Mrs. .\. C. Ferguson, Mrs. 

(141) 



Henderson, Mrs. Richard .Armstrong, Miss A. 



Hawkins. .Mrs. ]. 
Hamerschlag. Mr>. 
Mrs. J. M. Shield>, 
Charles \'oighl. 



I ), ("arnahan. Mrs. A. A. 
J. !•;. Morgan of New York, 
Mrs. llarrv I lornbergcr, Mrs. 




INDIANS LINING UP FOR MARINE PARADE 



(_ ^r.rlL -V Sun 




(142) 




Courtesy Post 



CANOE FLEET OF WHITES, INDIANS AND NEAR INDIANS IX MARINE PARADE 




Cour:esy Dispatch 



IIJ.I.I o| Mi.DKRN CANOES WHICH WAS IN MARINI-; PARADE 



(143) 




Courtesy Gazette-Times 



CROWD OX OLD FERRY WAITING FOR MARIXE PARADE 




Courtesy T)ispaich 



STEAMER l;i).\/ IN MARINE TARADE. WEDXESI )A^". SKI' ri.M I'.I.R .:. 1908 

(14O 




CROWD ON OLD FERRY, WATCHING MARINE PARADE 



Coxirtesy Dispatch 




PART OF THE MAKiXK I'ARAlJh — T\\ ( ) STtAMBuAIS LASHED Tui. ETHER 



Courtesy Dispatch 



(145) 




X 



y. 



y. 



(14OJ 




(i47) 



GREATER PITTSBURGH DAY 

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1908 



H. D. \V. EVGLISH, Chairman of Committee 




S. B. M. YOUNG, Lieutenant-General, United States Army, retired, Chief Marshal, Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade. 

JOHN P. PENNEY, Colonel National Guard Pennsylvania, Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. 

Aides: Lieutenant-Colonel S. W. Jeileris, Major Harry G. Koerner, Major William O. McXary, ^Llj()r C. C. 
Wiley, Captain Ralj^h E. Elinn, Captain Harry B. Bunting, Lieutenant Curtis Hu.ssey. 

WEST POINT C.\DETS, .UDES TO LIEUTEX.\NT-GE.\ER.\L S. B. M. YOUNG 

Cadet, .\lbert H. .Vchier, United States Military Academy; Cadet Robert W. Clark, United States Military Academy; Cadet Kenneth 
B. Harmon, United States Military Academy; Cadet Joseph C. Morrow, Jr., United States Military Academy; Cadet Paul Sorg 
Reinecke, United States Military Academy; Cadet John. W. Stewart, United States Military Academy; Cadet John R. Walker, United 
States Military Academy; Cadet Maurice D. Wclty. United States Military Academy; Cadet John May McDowell, United States 

Military Academy. 

Mr. Edward Abel, Mr. J. H. Hair, Mr. D. P. Black, Mr. W. H. Brown, Col. Samuel Harden Church. Capl. James A. Henderson, 
Mr. John B. Jackson, Mr. A. J Kelly, Jr., Mr. S. C. Long, Mr. Joseph W. Marsh, Hon. J. J. Miller, Col. Chambers McKibben, 
Mr. Henry McKnight, Mr. John H. Rickelson, Jr., Dr. C. P. Seip, Mr. E. Z. Smith, Mr. F. J. Torrance, Mr. A. Leo Weil. 

(148) 






COLON'EL JOH\ P. PEXXEV 
Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff 



COL. CHAMBERS McKIBBEN 
Aid lo Lieuienant-General S. B. M. Young 





MAJOR HARRY G. KOERNER 
Aid to Licutenant-Oencral S. B. M. Young 



(M9) 



MAJOR C. C. WILEY 
Aid lo Lieulcnant-Gcncral S. H. NL ^'ou^g and Chief 
of Mi-dical Staff 





DAVID P. BI-ACK 
Aid to Lieutenant-Gencral S. B. M. Young 



JOSEPH \V. MARSH 
Aid to Liculenaiit-General S. B. M. Young 





COL. SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
Aid to Lieutenant-General S. li. M. Young 



(150) 



I-RAXCIS J. T(JRRA.\CE 
Aid to l.iculenaiit-GcncTal S. li. M. Young 




Ct5t; 





f1?~« 



*^N*^^^ 



COLONEL FRANK 1. RL'TLF.DGE 
i8th ReKimcnt, N. G. P. 



LIEUTENANT COLONEL J. E. McXARY 
iSlh Regiment, N. G. P. 




V 




MAJOR L. A. ANSHUTZ 
Marshal, Hktorical Division of Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 



(152) 



MAJOR K. L. KEARNS 
i8th Regiment, N. G. P. 




053) 




U54) 




('55) 



THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1908 



GREATER PITTSBURGH DAY 

H. D. W. ENCILISH, Chairman 

Thursday, October i, igo8, was Greater Pitts- 
burgh Day. It was intended to celebrate the 
union of Allegheny with Pittsburgh and the crea- 
tion of the Greater City. 

The Greater Pittsburgh Day Committee was 
composed of about two hundred members and 
divided into numerous subcommittees, each of 
which did efficient work. The Chairman of the 
Committee, Mr. H. D. W. English, proved himself 
a most efficient executive and much credit is due 
him for the great success of the parade. During 
his temporary absence for several weeks his place 
was most ably filled by Colonel John P. Penney. 

Wlien the celebration was first discussed by the 
Executive Committee, Mr.E. N. Bigelow suggested 
that the land parade should exclude the ordinary 
wagons and purely advertising devices. Later, 
Major William H. Davis, Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on iNIilitary and Parade, submitted a plan 
for the parade which was adopted by the Execu- 
tive Committee, and which with some modifications 
suggested by the Plan and Scope Committee, of 
which Albert York Smith, one of the most useful 
workers for the celebration, was chairman, was 
carried out most efficiently by the Greater Pitts- 
burgh Day Committee. The last committee 
made excellent regulations, which, only succeeded 
in having observed after much opposition. The 
idea was to have a beautiful and instructive parade, 
not too large, which should illustrate the growth 
of the city from the beginning in all lines. In this 
complete success was achieved. The advertising 
feature was almost eliminated from the sixty fioats 
every one of which was a work of art. All the 
men, women and children in the parade wore 
artistic dress and each organization was repre- 
sented by a picked body. 

(i 



The order of parade was as follows: 

Platoon of mounted police. 

S. B. !M. Young, Lieutenant-Gcncral United States 
.■\rniy, retired, Chief Marshal. 

John P. Penney, Colonel National Guard Pennsylvania, 

.\djutant- General and Chief of Stall. 

Thirty-four mounted aides, including nine cadets from 
the United States Military Academy. 

Escort. — Eighteenth Regiment, National Guard Penn- 
sylvania; Fourteenth Regiment, National Guard Penn- 
sylvania; Battery B, National Guard Pennsylvania. 

Guests of the City. — Eight carriages containing: Vice- 
President Charles W. Fairbanks; Governor Edwin S. 
Stuart, Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. Murphy, escorted 
by !Mayor George W. Guthrie; H. D. W. English, Chair-' 
man of the Greater Pittsburgh Day CommittcCjWilliam H. 
Stevenson, Chairman of the E.xecutive Committee, and 
others. 

First Division. — Greater Pittsburgh Legislation — Four- 
teen carriages containing Ex-Governor Samuel W. 
Pcnnypacker, Ex-Governor William A. Stone, and 
]5ublic oflicials and others connected with the Greater 
Pittsburgh Legislation. 

Float No. I.- — Greater Pittsburgh — Symbolizing the 

growth of the city from 1785 to date. 

Second Division. — The City of Pittsburgh — Edward G. 
Lang, Director of the Department of Public Safety, 
Marshal; Captain Harry Fowler, Adjutant; twelve aides, 
color bearer with (lag of Pittsburgh and two outriders. 

Float No. 2. — Typifying the City of Pittslnirgli. Father 
Pitt, Lil)erty and Justice; the float decorated with panels 
representing the various city departments. 

The Public Safety Department Section was hi-acU-d 
by representatives of the bureau of police, followed by 
others of tiie bureau of fire and bureau of health. The 
men and vehicles showed the history of progress in the 
various departments since the earliest days of the city. 
Next was the section of the Department of Public Works, 
followed by 

Float No. 3. — Symbolizing the bureau of parks, and 
Floats 4 and 5, showing the work of the city playgrounds. 

56) 




Courtesy Dispatch 
CD. I, EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT, COMING THROUGH ARCH AT LIBERTY STREET 
This Company is composed mostly of ex-regulars, United States Army 




J 



EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT 
Madera fine showing in the Sesqui-Centennial Parade; Captain M. A. Smith, Company H, leading 



(157) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Third Division. — Historical — Lewis A. Anshutz, Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel National Gui.rd Pennsylvania, ^Marshal, 
Captain James P. ^NfcNally, Chief of Staff; seventeen 
aides; Cornplanter Indians. 

Float No. 6. — Washington and Gist crossing the Alle- 
gheny River, 1753. Scotch pipers and drummers in full 
Highland regalia. 

Float No. 7. — Representing the raising of the British 
Flag upon the ruins of I'ort Duqucsne in 1758; General 
Forbes and Andrew Carnegie; colonial and highland 
soldiers and drummer boy; One hundred Clansmen, 
each wearing tartan of his particular chin. 

Float No. 8. — The French and Indian War. Float 
No. 9.— The Early Settlers. Float No. 10.— The Pontiac 
War. Float No. 11. — The Wars of 1776 and 1812. 
Veterans' Organization Float No. 12, representing the army 
of 1861-65. Float No. 13. — Representing the Navy of the 
Civil War; fac-simile of gunboat Pittsburgh, historical 
cannon, saved by people of Pittsburgh from being sent 
South just before the Civil War; drum corps of Civil War 
veterans; eleven carriages containing Colonel Henry M. 
Nevius, Commander-in-Chief G. .A. R., and other veteran 
representatives of Military Order of Loyal Legion; Grand 
Army of the Republic; Allegheny County Grand Army 
.Association; Union Veteran Legion and Society of e.x- 
Prisoncrs of War. Float No. 14. — United States Navy 
Recruiting Station at Pittsburgh, representing modern 
battleships. 

Fourth Division. — Uniformed Semi-military and Fra- 
ternal Societies, H. P. Bope, Colonel Third Regiment 
Boys' Brigade, Marshal; T. W. Dana, Captain Boys' 
Brigade, .Adjutant ; Sixteen .Aides. Escort — Tiiird Regiment 
Boys' Brigade Band, Washington Infantry, Third Regiment 
Boys' Brigade, Eiglith Regiment Boys' Brigade, Duqucsne 
Grays, St. John's Cadets, Heath Zouaves, Voeghtly Cadets, 
Irish Volunteers, Knights of Pythias, Si.xth Reginaent, 
Second Regiment, Knights of iJie Golden Eagle. 

Float No. 15. — Catholic Mutual Benefit As.sociation 
"The Cross and Crown"; Knights of the Maccabees, 
''Bcrsajliari La Mamara, " '" Regia Marina'' Polish 
Hussars, St. Hedwig Society, St. Michael's Society, St. 
Anthony's Society, Knights Hussars. 

Float No. 16. — Woodmen of the World. Symbol- 
izing the work of the order. 

Float No. 17. — Protected Home Circle Fraternal In- 
surance — Protection symbolized by eagle and its young; 
Knights ot Pythias; Pittsburgh Company No. 39 Grand 
United Order of Odd Fellows. 



Fifth Division. — Educational Interests — Dr. John .A. 
Brashear, Honorary J^Iarshal; Professor J. C. Fetterman; 
University of Pittsburgh, commanding University Division, 
-Adjutant; aides, one hundred boys from grade schools 
representing elementary schools. 

Float No. iS. — Portraying the beginning of education 
in Western Pennsylvania — The log school house ; one 
hundred high school scholars representing secondary 
schools. 

Float No. 19. — "Education and Labor"; one hundred 
men from Carnegie Technical Schools representing tech- 
nical education. 

Float No. 20. — "Higher Education." The buildings 
of the proposed University of Pittsburgh surrounded by 
figures in cap and gown representing the various profes- 
sions; one hundred men from the University of Pitts- 
burgh representing "Higher Education." 

Sixth Division. — Labor Interests — Major Alexander 
J. Henderson, Marshal; W. T. Hamilton, Brotherhood 
of Railroad Trainmen, adjutant; aides. 

Float No. 21. — Trainmen 's Organizations — A passen- 
ger train with a crew of ten men ; two hundred men in 
official railroad uniforms representing the Brotherhood 
of Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive 
Firemen and Engineers; Order of Railway Conductors 
and Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. 

Float No. 22. — United Labor League — " Knowledge 
is Power." 

Float No. 23. — Carpenters Union — Carpenters at 
work . 

Float Xo. 24. — Bricklayers Union — Representatives 
ot the union constructing walls, columns and arches. 

Float No. 25. — Plumbers Association — A coniplele 
ujj-to-date bathroom and old pumjis, representing the 
l)lumbing of 1758. 

Float No. 26. — Sheet Metal Workers Association — 
.A modern sheet metal shoj). Butchers -Association twenty 
cowboys, two hundred butchers uniformed and mounted. 

Seventh Division. — Manufacturing Interests — Charles 
J. Graham, Marshal; John H. Niebaum, Adjutant; six- 
teen aides, fifteen tloats; (of dilTercnt manufacturing firms, 
preceded by lloat of Manufacturers Committee represent- 
ing the iron and steel and allied industries. 

Eighth Division. — Commerce and Transportation — 
F. R. Babcock, Marshal; fifty seven aides; The Penn- 
.sylvania Railroad System; two hundred men in Penn- 
sylvania Railroad System overall uniform and leather cap. 



(158) 




A PART OF THE 14TH REGIMKXT 



Courtesy Dispatch 




FLAG OF HEATH ZOUAVES 



Courtesy Dispatch 



(159) 




LIEUTENANT-GENERAL S. B. M. YOUNG 




WEST POINT CADETS 
Aids to Lieutcnant-General S. H. M. Young 



(i6o) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Float No. 43. — TIk' Pennsyhania Railroad System 
bringing the products of the munlry to Pittsljurgh. 

Float Xo. 44. — The Pennsylvania Railroad System — 
A steel plant bordering on the river with railroad trains, 
steamboat and barges; old time stage coach used one hun- 
dred years ago on Philadelphia and Pittsinirgh turnpike. 

Si.xteen floats representing commercial firms, associated 
banks, florists' club, Flour and Feed E.xchange, Lumber 
Dealers Association, Central District and Printing, Tele- 
graph Company, &c. 

Each of tlic iloats in tliu parude was accom- 
panied by not more than one hundred men in 
uniform, with four to forty horses caparisoned 
with Pittsburdi colors. There were also many 
bands of music. 

BEAUTIFUL FLOATS OF CITY'S 
INDUSTRY 

"Pageant'' in all the glory, in all the art, and 
in all the splendor the word implies, is the mightiest 
descriptiye of the English language that can be 
applied to the float diyision of the parade, and yet 
eyen that is tame in an effort to conyey in cold 
type the magnificence of this feature. 

The display of the industrial floats represented 
a great expenditure of money, and was the result 
of artistic ingenuity and heayy labor in construc- 
tion. In all, they were the highest type of success- 
ful portrayal of the city's business and industry, 
placed before the hunrlreds of thousands of specta- 
tors in a manner that charmed and educated. 

One who has been pri\ileged to witness indus- 
trial, political, carniyal and yarious centennial 
parades for a quarter of a century in yarious parts 
of the country is authoritv that nevLT lia^ the 
beauty, nor the magnitude of the subjects been 
surpassed, and fre(|ucntly hardly ecjualed, than 
that upon which Pillsljurgh was priyileged to look 
yesterday. 

Carried out in every infinitesimal delail, the 
floats caused many expressions of amazement, and 
almost awe, all along the line, while this almost 
immediately gave |)lace to bursts of applause, aug- 
mented by the bl()\ving of h(irn> and the ringing of 

(i 



bells. As the division of floats advanced, the hand- 
clapping that followed it could be heard for blocks, 
until it died away on the breeze, a mere ripple. 

It would take the writer several days to ade- 
quately describe and do justice to every float in 
the parade, but the strength and splendor of a 
few of them are of interest to everybody. 

^lost typical of Pittsburgh, and one that few 
dreamed could be produced for a moving stage, 
was that of the steel industry. A huge Bessemer 
steel converter, belching forth its flames while the 
big muscled steel workers were placed about it, 
was carried out with precision. It was a perfect 
representation, and there was much action in the 
piece. For size it was somewhat modified from 
the actual converter, and the colorings of the work 
were most perfect. The stream of sparks that 
poured from the big steel kettle seemed almost to 
set fire to the spot where they fell. The workmen 
with their tools moved about the huge cauldron, 
and it seemed every minute as if five hundred tons 
of molten steel would engulf the platform upon 
which it was built. The Jones & Lauglilin Steel 
Company were sponsors for this display, and their 
efforts for the success of Greater Pittsburgh Day 
were no less appreciated by the spectators than 
many others. 

A no^•el conception for a display of the building 
and house mo\-ing industry was presented by John 
Eichleay, Jr., Company. .-\n e.xact counterpart 
of a mansion being raised 168 feet and moved back 
from its foundations five hundred feet was carried 
on a float. The house was that of Captain S. S. 
Brown, an actual contract the company carried 
out some linu' ago. .\t the time the engineering 
feat was pictured in illustrated papers throughout 
the world. The model was true to actual condi- 
tions and was applauded with vigor, especially by 
those who had seen tlie house, supported by its 
huge i)iles of lemjiorary timbers, after it had 
been raised. 

The float that appealed to the feminine heart, 
tlu' one that was greeted with home-like expres- 
sions and (beers from tlie lireside. was that of the 

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('62) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 



H. J. Heinz Company. Known throughout the 
world as the home of this company's products, it 
was most appropriate that the thirty horses, led 
two abreast, should bear the figures "57" on the 
black and yellow saddle cloths they wore. The 
float was a climax of gorgeousness. Brightly 
gowTied young women and temptingly colored 
fruits and vegetables abounded here. The symbol 
was Ceres, the Goddess of Plenty, surrounded by 
her handmaindens presenting to Miss Pittsburgh 
the fruits of the field, while in turn the lady was 
distributing the food products to the nations of the 
world. On either side of Ceres' throne was a 
huge gilded Horn of Plenty, from out of which 
rolled magnificent representations of luscious fruits 
and vegetaljles. while Pomona and Carpo came 
bearing their baskets. 

The float was of staff and ornate with plants, 
flowers, and rich rugs and furnishings. It was 
thirty-six feet long and thirty feet high, the whole 
preceded by heralds in costume that trumpeted 
the approach of this division. Much comment 
was heard everywhere on the ingenuity displayed 
in the whole scheme. 

Beauty in the industries was again demon- 
stratefl in the float of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass 
Company. Here was the symbol of the industry 
in all its many features. The Glass King was 
seated on a throne of glass over which extended a 
canopy composed of various articles of glass in 
man\' colors. From an oNerturned furnace molten 
glass was flowing in a stream, while the finished 
product was represented by a cjuad of magnificent 
mirrors before which stood, clad in classic Greek 
costume, the eternal feminine. 

And bathtubs, what beauty or science or art 
can there be in this plebeian article of the house- 
hold! The fiuestion was solved by the Standard 
Sanitary Manufacturing Company in two floats. 
The first portrayed the old stone well with its 
moss-covered bucket. Xear by was a tub made 
by hollowing out a big tree stum]). Every detail 
even to the irregular flat stones about the well, and 
the moss on the stones and bucket was carried out. 

(i 



This was the bath of early days. The second float 
was a display of the modern bathroom and lav- 
atory, with the handsome white procelain and 
nickel trimmings. The furnishings of the float, 
with the wares, was a harmonious arrangement of 
white and delicate shades, that was far removed 
from any thought of smoke and grime of an indus- 
trial center. 

The delight of the small boy, hundreds of which 
swarmed about to "get a handout," was the ice 
cream-making plant on the float of the Ohio and 
Pittsburgh Milk Company. A gasoline engine 
supplied the motive power that turned out the 
cream, while men filled small cones and handed 
them out to the kiddies. 

Cold in its appearance, but a warm spot in the 
sentiment of the parade, was that of the Con- 
solidated Ice Companv. An arctic scene pictured 
the ice formed by nature as compared with the 
purity of artificial ice as manufactured to-day. 

The huge polar bear is about to spring upon an 
explorer who raises his gun and fires. On tlie four 
corners of the canopy above the ice field were 
placed immaculate Teddy bears, that delighted 
the eye and created envy and desire in the hearts 
of the youngsters along the line of the parade. 

House cleaning too, what can there be to make 
a show of, in house cleaning? Modern inventive 
ingenuity has made a novel display possible. The 
Electric Renovator Company had Cinderella in a 
chimney corner — the house cleaner of former days 
— while the vacuum cleaner run by a motor was 
shown in contrast. One of lliese machines had 
the air rewrsed, and from a double nozzle tlirew 
confetti ()\er the multitude, along the curb, to the 
great amusement of those who escaped il. The 
process was demonstrated by the machine taking 
up the fine cut pajier from the rug-co\-ered floor 
of the float. 

Covering the Ijroaik'sl field \n the hislor\- and the 
industrial ])n)gress of the city was the display of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad. Marvelous in the ex- 
treme that a railroad should have anything of the 
spectacular, yet wonder is surpassed by the sight 

63) 




Court e>v Oazettc-Tin 



HON. CHARLKS WARREN FAIRBANKS, The Vice-President of the United States 
HON. GEORGE \V. GUTHRIE, The Mayor of the City of Pittsljurgh 




Courtesy Dispatch 
HON. SAMUEL W. PENNYPACKER, former Governor of the State of Pennsylvania and signer of the Greater Pittsburgh Bill 

HON. WILLIAM A. STONE, E.vGovernor of Pennsylvania 



(164) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



of the representation of this biij; corporation. Two 
hundred men clad in tlie standard blue overall 
uniform and leather cap of the company marched 
in platoons, two files deep, let by a trainman in 
blue frock coat and cap. A float marked "The 
Pennsylvania Railroad Brings the Products of the 
World to Pittsburgh" followed the men. Here 
was ]'"atlu'r Pitt on an elevated stage, tlanked ])\ 
female figures representing the Allegheny and 
Moncjngahela valleys. A modern overhead tra\'- 
eling crane approaches Father Pitt, representative 
of the handling of heavy materials in the large 
industries. A female figure, the Pennsylvania 
Railroad system, also approaches Father Pitt, and 
in her train came other figures representing the 
industries that have contributed to the building of 
Pittsburgh. 

A second float needed no label. It was indica- 
tive of what the Pennsylvania Railroad carries 
away from Pittsburgh. A miniature steel plant 
was surrounded by many railroad tracks that con- 
tained cars of coal and steel products. Miniature 
locomotives were attached to some of the cars, 
and nearby was the river, showing the water 
transportation in the sternwheel steamboat and 
coal barge. An oldtime stage coach that ran be- 
tween Pittsburgh and Philadelphia one hundred 
years ago followed this float. 

The drygoods business was represented by sev- 
eral floats. Boggs & Buhl had forty-si.x of the 
finest appearing horses that ever walked the streets 
of Pittsburgh. Their gold and l)lack trappings 
and blankets made a picture that added to the float 
they drew. A groom was at the head of each 
horse in picturescjue attire that helped carry out a 
complete scheme. The float contained Cleopatra 
and her attendants. Joseph Home & Co. showed 
the evolution of dress as worn in Pittsburgh from 
1758 to the present time, while McCreery & Co. 
had a dainty white and gold float covered by a 
canopy upheld Ijy female figures in Grecian cos- 
tume. This was drawn by twelve horses, covered 
from nose to tail by a white robe, which added to 
tile light and airy effect of the whole. 

(i 



The evolution of the jeweler's art was typified 
by Ileeren Brothers. Father Time, with scythe 
and hour glass, had at his feet gold and silversmiths 
of the Middle Ages in their craftsmen's garb, while 
about were benches and tools of the watchmaker. 

The retail lumber interests had two floats which 
showed the evolution of the methods of transport- 
ing timber. On one float was a counterpart of an 
old timber raft of early days, with the figures of 
quantity and \'alue displayed, while the second 
showed the modern railroad car with a greatly 
increased shipment for 1907. 

Even banks were represented. Fidelity and 
watchfulness was symbolized by two dogs guard- 
ing the savings of the people, with a safe deposit 
vault typical of care and safety. 

The Florists' Club had a display of wild flowers 
and foliage of the primeval forest, in the midst of 
which was an Indian maiden in a canoe, the whole 
a most artistic arrangement of the florists' busi- 
ness. The Grain Exchange had a float with King 
Corn on a throne built of ears and dispensing plenty 
to the world, while an Indian woman ground the 
grain in a mortar in the primitive way. The hay 
and feed industry was portrayed by a stack of hay 
with flowers and insects of the field, while the 
farmer is at work mowing. 

The credit houses of the city had a float that 
was typical of the business and an ingenious 
working out of an idea. A bridal couple appro- 
priately costumed stood upon a bridge of credit 
which spanned the stream of financial emliarrass- 
ment. 'Phis bridge the couple was crossing to 
enter their new home. 

A most complete display was that of the Bell 
telei)hone as represented by the Central District 
and Printing Telegraph Company. The evolu- 
tion of the telephone since the first one constructed 
in the cilv in 1870 was shown with the first switch- 
board with ten lines which was installed in the 
First National liank. 'IVlephone poles carrying 
old-style iron wires were worked out in every detail, 
even to the wrecks of boys' kites on the wire and 

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HON'. EDWIN" S. STL'ART. The Governor of the Stale of Pennsylvania 
H. D. \V. ENGLISH, Chairman Greater Pittsburgh Dav Committee 



Courtesy Chronicle-Telegraph 




C'lurtesv Dispatrh 
rROMlXENT MEMBERS or CicnERNOR STUART'S STAIE 

Colonel Oliver S. Hcrshman, Colonel C. A. Rook, Colonel J. R. Wiggins and Mr. A.;,B. Millar, Private Secretar)' to Governor Stuart 



(i66) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



telephone office was shown, ami in contrast there 
was a modern switchboard at \vhit h sat the opera- 
tors plugging in connections as fast as if they were 
telling the ball scores. 

EDUCATIONAL DIVISION FEA- 
TURE OF PARADE 

The educational interests represented in the 
fifth division attracted exceptional interest all 
along the line of march. Dr. John A. Brashear 
was honorary marshal of the division, with Prof. 
]. C. Fetterman, of the University of Pittsburgh, 
and Superintendent Samuel Andrews of the city 
schools, adjutants; Prof. C. B. Cook, commanded 
the Elementary School division; Prof. J. M. 
McLaughlin, of the South High School, the High 
School division, and Martin Hokanson, the 
Carnegie Technical Schools division. 

The division was led by Roceretto 's band. Then 
came one hundred ward school pupils, wearing 
orange and black skull caps and sashes and car- 
rying canes decorated with orange and black rib- 
bon streamers. Following them came the first 
educational float, the old log school house por- 
traying the beginning of education in western 
Pennsylvania. It showed the old log building 
with a class of children being taught bv a teacher 
wearing colonial dress. Lurking outside the log 
hut was an Indian, armed with bow and arrow, 
waiting for the children to make their appearance. 

This float was followed by a hundred High 
School boys wearing black yachting caps with 
orange bands, and with orange and black sashes 
falling from shoulder to waist. Thev also carried 
canes decoratefl with orange and black ribbons. 

.\ lloat representing education and labor showing 
the application of technical education to industrial 
profluction, preceded the Carnegie 'Pechnical 
Schools division, in which marched one hundred 
students carrying plaid umbrellas in honor of 
the birthplace of the founder of the schools. 

Following the Technical boys came a float 
showing in relief on each side the proposed build- 
ings of the University of Pittsburgh to be erected 

(i 



on the Schenley Park tract. It was followed by 
one hundred University of Pittsburgh students 
wearing black caps and gowns and carrying 
canes decorated with orange and black ribbon. 

The educational division formed at Ridge and 
Irwin Avenues. While waiting for the signal to 
moN'c, the four hundred marchers were served with 
bo.xes of lunch provided by Dr. Samuel L. McCor- 
mick, chancellor of the Universitv of Pittsburgh. 

LABOR MAKES FINE SHOWING 

The labor division was headed by Major Alex- 
ander J. Henderson, marshal, and W. T. Ham- 
ilton, of the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, 
adjutant, mounted on fine horses. They were 
assisted by the following aides: W. S. McKee, 
Carpenter's union: John Frenau, United Labor 
League; X. S. Glass, Sheet Metal Workers" 
Association; John S. Herron, Bricklayers Union: 
James Little, secretary Subcommitte on Labor In- 
terests; John A. Kenney, Plumbers' Association, 
and Henry Kreiling, Butchers' .\ssociation. 

The Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen had 
the first float on the division and it represented 
the kind of work in which the members of thi> 
association are engaged. The float consisted of 
a locomotive and a train of cars with a crew of 
ten men, representing the passenger train and the 
different classes of railroad men at work. The 
flagm-an was on the job and every time the train 
stopped he dropped from his perch on the steps 
of one of the cars and ran back to flag just as 
he does in actual service: the engine was built 
around an automoljilc, and the cars were mounted 
on wagons. 

The United Labor League had a handsonu- 
and extremely artistic float, which represented 
labor, including the skilled and thelunskilled. the 
organized and unorganized workingman. The 
only man on this float was W. G. Fullerton, of 
the Backsmiths' Union, who represented the 
chiseled statue of labor at the Xorth Side Carne- 
gie Library. He was surrounded by various 
tools and implements laid on a marble slab ten 




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(i68) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



feet long, live feet wide and two feet thick. A 
marble column placed at each end of the slab 
connected with a banner running about the head 
of the kneeling man, on which was printed 
"Knowledge is Power." 

The Carpenters' Union had the next float show- 
ing the men, in their working garb, engaged in the 
various classes of carpentr\-. The ne.xt float was 
that of the Bricklayers' Union, with representa- 
tives of the trade engaged in the work of con- 
structing walls, columns and arches. The plumb- 
ers' exhibit was unique in detail. It contained a 
complete up-to-date bathroom and a display of 
old pumps representing the plumbing done in 
1758 and a display of lead work. 

A modern sheet metal work shop was repre- 
sented on the float of the Sheet Metal Workers' 
Association, with the machines, benches, tools and 
the men at their work. The Butchers' Associa- 
tion representatives came next, carrying knives and 
other tools used by the butchers. They were 
followed by a band of twenty cowboys dressed in 
typical Western style. There were 200 represen- 
tatives of the Butchers' Association mounted. 

SPECTACULAR PARADE WEEK'S 
CLIMAX 

Amidst a rousing cheer that rent the air and 
announced to all that the union between Pittsburgh 
and old .Allegheny was effected in its entirety, 
the grand parade, the climax of Pittsburgh's one 
hundred and fiftieth anniversary celebration, 
started on its long and humanity-lined route from 
the corner of Federal and Ohio Streets, North 
Side, to the official reviewing stand, opposite 
Hotel Schenlcy, at 11 o'clock this morning. 

Nature favored the crowning feature of the 
week. The drop in temperature from last night 
drove away almost all signs of llu- rain which had 
been predicted and happy and joyful faces of 
hundreds of thousands of people along the route 
bespoke the satisfaction with the state of aft'airs. 
It was an auspicious condition for a long and tire- 
some march, and the enthusiasm of the members 

(i 



of the respective divisions and the honor guests 
of the celebration was not dampened in the least. 
Pittsburgh had gone through a period of 150 years 
of unrivaled growth. From a small village cen- 
tralized about the Point it had spread on all sides 
and embraced many square miles of territorv 
along the three rivers. From a handful of men 
who first took charge of the fort the populace had 
increased to a half million, and to-day was aug- 
mented by thousands upon thousands of visitors. 

The point chosen for the formation of the grand 
pageant was the best that could be had. Around 
that particular spot there are numerous side 
streets which lead into the main thoroughfare, 
and along those smaller streets the dift'erent di- 
\asions had assembled in the respective places 
assigned to them. Long before the pageant was 
ready to start the partakers in the parade began 
to arrive, and the husUe and bustle in the neigh- 
borhood formed a little world in itself. In addi- 
tion, large crowds from the hilltops of the North 
Side commenced to flock down to the streets along 
which the pageant was scheduled to pass, and 
the police had difliculty in controlling the surging 
multitudes. 

Men, women and children waved flags, cheered 
and yelled as they waited until the bugle an- 
nounced the start of the marchers. All along the 
route the people waited with anxious expectation 
for the procession to hea\e in sight so that they 
might view the evidences of Pittsburgh's marvelous 
growth and decide upon the manner in which the 
promoters of the celebration had arranged this 
climactic event of the public demonstration. 

At the point of formation onlrrlics husfled to 
and fro and orders were given to the different 
division heads. According to the order that had 
come from the grand marshal, Lieutenant-General 
S. B. M. Young, United States Army, the parade 
started promptly at 11 o'clock and proceeded in 
an uninterrupted course to the place where the 
marchers disbanded after the review bv the offi- 
cials and the honor guests. 

A platoon of sixteen of Pittsburgh's finest, all 
69) 




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(170) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



on horseback and under the direct command of 
Assistant Superintendent of Police Edward Ken- 
nelly, led the parade. This is the usual police 
escort assigned to all parades of importance, and 
the other officials of the city took the positions 
assigned to them. 

All the bands of the city and many others from 
surrounding towns had been secured for the great 
occasion, and as the parade moved along music of 
every kind met the ears of the spectators. At no 
time was there a cessation of music. 

The marchers of the grand pageant moved 
along as if they had been trained for months for 
this one special affair. From the experienced 
soldiers, whose life is spent in the mastery of 
parade discipline, to the smallest boys from the 
different public schools of the city, the mass 
nvj\ed like a well-oiled and well-cared-for ma- 
chine of the most delicate construction. Each 
division had swung into line at its given signal, 
and as the parade moved along in its ceaseless 
tramp, tramp to the time of the music a thrill of 
joy filled every loyal Pittsburgher, and prompted 
almost e\ery one to yell himself hoarse. 

Pittsburgh had never known or witnessed such 
a grand spectacle, which told in model figures 
everything about its birth and growth. I'rom 
the most insignificant industry to the enterprises 
that have made the Smoky City famous and 
world known, from the most humble worker to 
the citizen who has reached a position of promi- 
nence and authorilv, the lloals and marchers were 
representative and typical of the city. The little 
hamlet that had sprung up amidst a clump of 
trees had reached the 150th year of its nativity 
and the pe()j)le, all, newcomers and descendants of 
pioneers, showed themselves proud of thiir hoinc. 
Once a Pittsburgher, always a Pittsburgher. 

Every individual section of the parade carried 
an interest separate and apart from the others, 
and for that reason the pt'oplc did not lea\'c until 
the very last of all had faded into the distance. 
Pittsburgh's industrial and commercial supremacy 
had been actually depicted and residents and 

(17 



visitors alike watched and waited so that in years 
to come they might cherish the memory of the 
grand event, and might tell the later generation of 
the achievem.ents and progress of their ancestors. 
Such was the spirit and general feeling of all. 

The good natured populace that came early 
to get positions of vantage where they might view 
the procession waited patiently for the start. 
Everybody Avas friendly and cheerful with everv- 
body else. Pittsburghers on this one (jccasion, 
more than ever, felt the common bond which held 
them together, and the little inconveniences that 
attend an affair of such magnitude as Pittsburghers 
had planned were overlooked and passed by lightly. 

The ropes stretched along the line of march 
kept the people from Hocking out into the street 
and the policemen stationed at points assigned to 
them kept order and saw that none of the regula- 
tions for the day were disobeyed. Manv of the 
people brought camp stools and lunches with 
them and settled themselves in comfort, waiting 
for the procession to come along. All the seating 
stands that had been built in windows and on 
vacant property were crowded with people, and 
from the office buildings and residences along the 
route thousands of heads peered out of windows 
to see the marchers and Hoats and to cheer them 
on as they passed in grand array. 

The little breezes flaunted the flags and decora- 
tions in the air and the city colors and national 
emblems that adorned the streets, with the people 
en masse at every point, completed a sight that will 
go down in the history of the city. It was a herald 
to the world that Pittsburgh lived and would live. 

Although the actual formation of the parade 
did not begin until about g o'clock this morning, 
till' work of forming the divisions began .soon after 
la>l midnight. .\s .soon as the streets were de- 
serted and I U'ared of traffic s(juads of workmen, 
assisted by hirds of horses, began to liaul the 
monster lloals for the industrial, comnieirial and 
historic floats into position. 'I'he massive scenic 
effects and gorgeous dis])lays were covered by 
heavy tarpaulins and only a suggestion of their size 

1) 




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J3 




CJ 






X 

O u5 



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(172) 



PITTSBURGH 



S E S Q U I - C E N r E N N I A L 



and beauty could be gained by the hca\y outlines. 
The floats were mostly in position long before 
daylight, and were guarded by watchmen, while 
the lighter floats were hauled into place ready to 
be attached to panoplied horses this morning. As 
early as 7 o'clock the work of hitching the horses 
and dressing them for the procession began, and 
in another hour civic and military organizations 
began to march into their places of rendezvous. 
At 9 o'clock the members of the legislative division 
had assembled at tlie Hotel Schenley and were 
driven in a score of carriages with liveried attend- 
ants to the starting ])oint. The vast crowd that 
began to gather in the streets along the route of the 
parade found plenty of entertainment in watching 
the various organizations march to the different 
division points, while the passing and repassing 
bands allayed the impatience of the crowds. 

E\'ery wagon, carriage, float, decorated device 
and nearly every organization had been wheeled 
and had marched into position long before the hour 
set for the parade to begin, and the work of giving 
final instructions was begun by the marshals. The 
riding to and fro of the members of Grand Marshal 
Young's staff of aides was a pleasing and exciting 
spectacle to the few spectators permitted to gather 
near the starting point of the procession on the 
North Side. When Grand Marshal Young gave 
the order to march, the regimental escort was 
stretching ncjrth in Federal Street, and every side 
street leading into Federal Street was marked by 
the advance line of a division of the parade. 

The Fourteenth and Eighteenth Regiments and 
Battery B., Xational Guard Pennsylvania, were 
lined uj) in Federal Street, the long line of uni- 
forms, glistening weapons and bright flags stretch- 
ing up the hill toward Perrysville Avenue. The 
Eighteenth Regiment headed the column in Fed- 
eral Street, while the Fourteenth Regiment stood 
at "rest" in Montgomery Avenue, swinging into 
Federal Street behind the Eighteenth. Battery B. 
with its guns, extended its line .south in Sherman 
Avenue, with the head of the column at Mont- 



gomery Avenue, and swinging in behind the Four- 



teenth with customary military precision. Colonel 
Frank I. Rutledge was in command of the military 
section, and had little trouble in handling the well- 
drilled men. 

\'ice-President Fairbanks, Governor Stuart and 
the other distinguished guests of the city, in then- 
carriages, waited in line in Sherman Avenue, facing 
north, until the parade started, being driven from 
Sherman Avenue into Ohio Street and now drop- 
ping in line behind the military escort. The car- 
riages had started from the Hotel Schenley at 9 
o'clock and by easy driving arrived at the starting 
point in plenty of time, driving over the boulevard 
and keeping from the route of parade. In this 
division an effort was made to show by representa- 
tive men the part the city has taken in the legisla- 
tion of the State and the country. 

The city of Pittsburgh division, which had been 
formed in sections throughout the city, was assem- 
bled in Ohio Street extending west the full length 
of \\'est Ohio Street and down Western Avenue. 
The police had gathered at the department of 
public safety building, the street department men 
at the city stables, and each coterie of representa- 
tives at the ^•arious headquarters of the bureaus 
and had marched to the north side as early as 8 
o'clock. Director Edward G. Lang, marshal of 
the city section, had good wide streets in which to 
march and counter-march his men and to move 
his wagons and floats into position. This section 
of the parade fell in behind the carriages of the 
distinguished guests and was the first series of 
surprises viewed by the crowds. The old fire 
apparatus aroused considerable interest and the 
different officials and attaches of bureaus were 
cheered by their friends as the city di\ision went 
down Fefleral Street to the Sixth Street bridge. 
This entire division was a section by itself, ex- 
clusive of the monster s(|uad of policemen picked 
to head the column of marchers and floats. The 
advance guard of mounted policemen and police- 
men on foot rested in Federal Street ahead of the 
regimental bands. 

rin' Historic and \'eteran division rested on 



(173) 




•Ji. 
o 



O ^ 







- t2 



o 



(■74) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Ridge A\-enue, with the head of the column resting 
at Marion Avenue, near the middle of the City 
division. As the rear of the City division swung 
past the veteran organizations and floats of the 
Historic division dropped into position behind 
and followed down West Ohio Street. The Local 
Recruiting division had formed on Irwin Avenue, 
on the opposite side of Ohio Street from the His- 
torical division, also beginning its march in Ohio 
Street, behind the Veteran division. 

Uniformed and fraternal organizations, man)- 
of them headed by their own bands, assembled in 
East Ohio Street, the head of the column facing 
the City division. This section extended cast to 
Cedar Avenue, down Cedar Avenue to Avery, 
down Avery to Liberty, and on down to Washing- 
ton Street and around the corner in Washington 
Street some distance. This extended line of 
marchers moved forward as the Local Recruiting 
division filed past, their line of march beginning 
at Federal and Ohio Streets. 

The Educational division, consisting of repre- 
sentatives of all the schools and colleges in the city, 
marshaled by Prof. John A. Brashcar, gathered 
ni Ridge Avenue, behind the Historic and Veteran 
division, and they marched after the Historic divi- 
sion until superseded in line by the Local Recruit- 
ing division. The Ijoys and youths then fell in 
behind the Local Recruiting division and marched 
to Ohio and Federal Streets, resting until the uni- 
formed and fraternal organizations passed, falling 
in behind the latter section. 

The Labor division was n-oved into position in 
the procession behind the Educational section. 
The Manufacturing division, containing the 
greatest number of illustrative tloats. was formed 
in a series of streets, most of them having been 
hauled into position during the night. The head 
of the column was at Irwin and \\'estern Avenues, 
the line of floats and marchers extending north in 
Irwin Avenue, east on North Avenue to Arch 
Street, and west on Xorth Avenue as far as .\lle- 
gheny Avenue. There was also a portion of this 
section in Beech Avenue, and the entire line went 



into position behind the Labor section, headed by 
Charles J. Graham and his staff. 

The last section of the parade, comprising the 
commercial and transportation division, and in- 
cluding the floats of individuals and private cor- 
porations, was formed in Xorth Avenue, with 
the head of the line at Arch Street, and extending 
cast in Xorth Avenue to Cedar .\venue, where the 
line extended .south in Cedar Avenue t(; Ohio 
Street, and on several other streets below Xorth 
Avenue. This section of the parade entered the 
line at Montgomery Avenue and Arch Street. 
Every float was manned Ijy a full cjuota of men to 
remo\e pillars and other high devices when going 
under bridges, and each float carried drinking 
water and refreshments for the drivers and other 
men so that there could be no delay by men 
absenting themselves from the floats. Every man 
had explicit instructions where and when to per- 
mit street cars to pass, and the line of march 
moved with wonderful precision and with prac- 
tically no obstruction down Federal Street, over 
the Sixth Street bridge, and to the Court of Honor 
on Fifth Avenue. 

As the van of the line reached the corner of 
Liberty Avenue and Sixth Street and swung 
around facing the gorgeous archway on Liberty 
deafening cheers arose from the thousands of 
patriotic admirers who were packed and jammed 
along Liberty Avenue for several squares and on 
Market Street. This short square was probably 
the scene of the greatest crush. It had several 
advantages of which the crowd was well aware. 
It afforded a good view of the approaching line 
from the time it reached the bridge. At the first 
sign of its a])pr()ach the mass surged toward Lib- 
ert}- Avenue, causing an awful jam. When it 
swung around the point at Liberty and Fifth, and 
started out Fifth Avenue, the attention of the crowd 
changefl and many of them turned toward Fifth 
.\venuc to get another view of arrayed marchers. 

The arch at Liberty and Sixth was the first 
through which the jxiradc passed. Though it had 
been watched day after day during its course of 



(>7.0 





IIUX. WILLIAM H. GRAHAM 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Comniiltce 



HUX. JOHX DALZLLL 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





HOX. JAMES FRANCIS BLKKK HON'. J. A. BARCHFIKLD 

Greater Pittsburgh Dav Scsqui Centennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Dav Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(176) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



construction by thousands of people, at no time 
did it appear as grand as wliile the \-arious organi- 
zations were passing under it. Though the streets 
were roped, it was found that scarcely enough 
space had been allowed for the sijuarc turn from 
Sixth into Liberty. 

The police found it necessary to force tlie mob 
back a few feet. This was scarcely necessary, 
however, as it was found that the line, more by 
instinct than necessity, closed a little as it passed 
through the arch. 

Despite the fact that this was the first sharp 
corner the parade made there was not a break in 
any of the formations. Like well-driJlcd militia- 
men they rounded the corner with such precision 
that more cheers of admiration burst from the 
excited throng. P'ollowing the leaders came a 
regiment of carriages and these, too, maintained 
their relative positions in the line with a remarkable 
degree of accuracy as they wliirled around the 
corner and headed for the arch. 

Thnugli thiTc is little probability that this idea 
was in the minds of the committee when the loca- 
tion of the arch was chosen, the efi'ect was extremely 
pleasing, as the various organizations and forma- 
tions and floats swung arounfl the corner, enter- 
ing the arch almost as they turned. This was the 
first feat that tested the military ability of the 
men in the line and it was accomplished with 
exceeding grace. 

Just beyond the arch, and but a few paces away, 
the line confronted the most difficult corner along 
the line turning from Liberty .A.venue into Fifth 
Avenue. The angle is at about 25 degrees and it 
puzzled many of the formations to maintain the 
dignity of the line. Here again, the throngs of 
people had jammed well out into the street and it 
was necessary for several of the companies to 
halt for a few seconds. This, of course, stopped 
the entire line for a brief period, but remarkably 
little time was lost from the start until the destina- 
tion was reached. 

Despite the fact that thi.s corner was dillicult it 
afforded one of the most spectacular incidents 

(i 



along the entire route. \\Tiye a few of the less 
expert marching organizations made slight blun- 
ders, the companies that were well drilled and 
ready to master even much greater tasks brought 
forth repeated cheers from the male portion, who 
waved their Bags and clapped their hands, .\lmost 
like a mechanical manipulation, these organiza- 
tions approached the point. Like spokes revolv- 
ing around a hub, the lines of uniformed men 
turned, the inside man remaining almost at placed- 
march. The end men were of course mo\ing at 
a double-quick pace and it can readily be under- 
stood how difficult it was for untrained men to 
maintain a straight line. 

Righting themselves into Fifth Avenue, the pro- 
cession advanced in perfect order. The greatest 
difficulty at the point was found when the large 
floats approached. One of them drawn 1)y two 
span of decorated horses, made the turn very 
gracefully, Ijut this was due to the dextrous man- 
ner in which the driver handled the reins. There 
was some apprehension lest the space would not be 
sufficient, as the length of the team and float was 
equal to almost half a square. 

As Lieutenant General Young dashed around 
the corner on his black charger, and the animal 
soul seemed to be aflame with enthusiasm over 
the occasion, cheers went up along the line of 
Fifth .\ venue to the court house. As the parade 
passed under the beautiful arch at Fifth .\venue 
and Grant Street the sight from vantage points 
down the avenue was inspiring. 

On several occasions along F"ifth .\vcnue, 
between the down-town section and the park, the 
crowds became so e.xcited that they attempted to 
press over the ropes, heedless of the admonitions 
and threats of the police. At a numijer of points 
where the street is narrower than in the down-town 
section, halts were made to adjust the formations 
to the space that the crowds and streets allowed. 

The scenes about the reviewing stand in Schcn- 
ley Park were beautiful, picturesque and inspiring 
for hours before the parade arrived at its destina- 
tion. The entire park was a mass of humanity, 

77) 








N. 




RiciiAKi) P.. mi:llon 

Kinance Scsqui-Cenlennial Comniillee 



COLONEL ALBERT J. LOGAN 
Greater Pitts1)urij;h Dav Committee 





R. H. BOGGS 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Commiltee 



(178) 



REV. FRAXCIS P. WARU 
Finance Sesqui-Centennial Committee 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



with interest centerinif around the stand. Several 
hundred distint^uished guests were on hand long 
before the parade. They arrived in gaily be- 
decked automobiles and carriages, and in these 
spun about the park until word arrived that the 
advance guard was in sight. They then aban- 
doned their cars and took their positions in the 
reviewing stand. The reviewing committee, of 
course, occupied the conspicuous positions, and as 
soon as Lieutenant-General Young arrived at the 
head of the parade his proud steed was turned 
over to an attendant and he, too, occupied a seat 
of honor in the stand. 

A very creditable feature, and one that is fre- 
quently not given proper consideration when out- 
lining a route of parade, is that the distance was 
not great enough to fatigue the participants. 
Instead, all the organizations marched up in a 
fresh, spirited manner before the reviewing stand. 
There were no laggers whose legs had become 
wearv bv the long walk. As a result, some of the 
organizations gave the best exhibitions of drilling 
and military rraneuvcrs that have ever been seen 
in this city. 

The Heath Zoua\-es probably made the greatest 
impression with their exhibition before the review- 
ing committee. This is an old organization, and 
for many years held the championship of this 
State, in drilling exhibitions. The members had 
apparendy lost but little, if any, of their old valor. 
They introduced a number of unique formations 
and designs in a manner that stirred the admira- 
tion not only of the committee and distinguished 
guests, but of the thousands upon thousands of 
men, women and children who had assembled for 
this finale of the parade. 

Several other organizations made decidedly 
favorable imi)ressions by their work, and fre- 
quently the crowd vented its admiration in cheers 
that resounded throughout the Schcnlcy district. 
Each band played as though it was contesting for 
a prize as it passed the stand. The dignity of the 
line was maintained for al)out two sfjuares beyond 
the reviewing stand, where it was broken. Each 

(i 



company, band, float and organization dropped 
out and they went their respective ways. There 
was a touch of pathos in the deeper minds as they 
saw the parade line passing so boldly and glori- 
ously up to a given point, then scattering in all 
directions. Realizing that the greatest e\'ent of the 
greatest celebration this city or even this country 
has ever held, is ended, and that a similar occasion 
cannot take place for another one and a half cen- 
turies, a feeling of sadness pervaded the minds of 
■ many of the people who watched the e\-ent at 
that end of the march. 

Within half an hour after the last of the parade 
passed the reviewing stand the participants had 
all disappeared, many of them having boarded 
cars for their homes, while others hurried back 
to the down-town section. 

One-half million people — Pittsburgers, former 
Pittsburgers, and people who came from far across 
the seas — witnessed the gorgeous pageant. They 
lined the streets, crowded in every ax^ailable win- 
dow, stood on the roofs of small buildings and sky- 
scrapers, climbed high inttj the .structure of the 
Sixth Street bridge, risking their lives, and squeezed 
themselves into every other place that afforded 
them a glimpse or good view of the gigantic 
parade. So big a crowd has never before thronged 
the streets of Greater Pittsburgh, and it is a safe 
venture to assert that never again will such great 
multitudes assemble here. It was just one solid 
mass of humanity that surged, pushed and forced 
its way through the streets, searcliing for places 
at the guide ropes, and formed one continuous 
line along the parade route. 

Stampedes were countless, pushing, forcing and 
complaining, and there were countless complaints 
from the sightseers. Several persons in the great 
mass of humanity fainted in the crusliing and rush. 
The crowds had to be almost beaten back to make 
a thoroughfare for the removal of the sutTering 
to the open air. 

Long before the time set for the start of the 
gigantic pararle, people started to gather about 
the thonnighfares over which the pageant traversed. 

7Q) 






JOH\ B. BARBOUR, JR. 
Sub-Chairman Uniformed Societies and Independent Military 
Sesqui-Centcnnial Committee 



D. C. RIPLEY 
Chairman Greater Pittsburgh Legislation Sesqui-Centennial Sub- 
committee 





HARRV G. SAMSON 
Chairman Carriage Sesqui-Centcnnial Commiliee 



(i8o) 



R. J. SLONEY, JR. 
Seirelary Sub-Finance Scsqui-Ccntennial Committee 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Ropes were strung shortly after last midnight to 
prevent the people congregating about the middle 
of the streets and thus interfere with the marching 
of the paraders. At lo o'clock, just one hour 
before the starting time, the streets along the 
parade route, from Federal and Ohio Streets, 
North Side, to the Hotel Schenley, in Oakland, 
ward almost impassable. People desirous of mak- 
ing their way from one place to another found it 
necessary to walk to streets o neither side of the 
parade route to aovid the great crowds. The 
roof of almost every building along Federal street 
was crowded to its capacity, people hung out of the 
\\'indows of every small building and skyscraper, 
while the structural work of the Sixth Street 
bridge was made invisible by the crowds that hung 
on high up into the arch-like work and crowded 
the floor and sides until the great bridge trembled 
under the great weight. Sixth Street, Market 
Street and Fifth Avenue — well, the crowds that 
gathered in these thoroughfares are indescribable. 
There were so many people along these avenues, in 
so many different places, hanging over the tower- 
ing roofs of skyscrapers, craning their necks out 
of windows, hanging to the tops of telegraph 
poles, and in so many other different and dangerous 
positions that it would be impossible to give a 
precise description of all. 

Thev craned their necks, magnified the great 
scene \\-ith the aid of field and opera glasses, 
and thus they looked upon the greatest pageant 
that has ever before been held in this city. 

The great quantities of confetti thrown from 
the tops and wndows of buildings gave the atmos- 
phere the appearance of a snow bli/.zard. It was 
blinding and was responsible for some of the 
an.xious people missing some of the cliief features 
of the pageant. Policemen, with dressed maces, 
stood inside the ropes, keeping the crowds back of 
the lines, while at intervals a mounted bluecoat 
would bellow through liis trunii)ct for order. 
The policemen found it a difticult task to cope 
with the situation. The masses of sightseeing 
people surged their way against the ropes, and 

(i 



not a few times did they try to force their way 
to the street. The policemen at times found it 
necessary to use their clubs to keep the crowd 
under control. 

Not one moment of quietude prevailed during 
the passing of the great pageant. Cheer after 
cheer went up in volumes. They were deafening 
and drowned the shrill blasts made by the big 
steamboat whisdes and whisties of the surrounding 
mills that sent forth toots and blasts in honor of 
the big celebration. When the civic float, repre- 
senting the progress of Pittsburg, from the birth of 
the city to the present day, passed a tremendous 
cheer filled the air. This, the people thought, w^as 
one of the most magnificent features of the entire 
program. Tired feelings, illness and discomforts 
were given absolutely no attention by the interested 
crowd as they yelled themselves hoarse. 

The police arrangements for the parade, as 
worked out by Superintendent Thomas .\. Mc- 
Quaide and his able assistant, Edward Kcnnelly, 
were of the best, and called forth no little com- 
mendation. Not only was every member of the 
uniformed police force of the city on duty, but 
every fireman who could be spared from his engine 
house, and every white ^\•ing in the employ of the 
city, was on duty on the line of parade. This 
gave sufficient men to handle the big crowd in 
good shape. In addition to the mounted men and 
the loo sLx-footers in the parade, there was a 
continuous line of police on duty on both sides of 
the route of parade. 

NOTED GUESTS EULOGIZE 
CELEBRATION 

"It was the greatest demonstration I ever wit- 
nessed viewed from either an educational, indus- 
trial or historical standpoint: all three combined 
it was a remarkable exhibition, which I am sure 
will not be equaled for some time to come." 

This comnx'nt on the Sesqui-Centennial parade 
was expressed last night by Vice-President Charles 
W. Fairbanks. His words were enthusiastically 
endorsed by Governor Edwin S. Stuart, Lieu- 

8i) 






C. A. BLANCHARD 
Sub-Cliairmaii Motel and Ri-slaurant Sesqui-Centennial Commiltee 



JAMES RILEY 
Hotel and Restaurant Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





], 13. KELLY L. F. KLOOS 

Hotel and Restaurant Sesqui-Centennial Committee Hotel and Restaurant Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(182) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



tenant Governor Rol^crt S. Murphy and former 
Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker. All of them 
declared they were astonished at the educational 
and historical features of the pageant and the 
elaborate presentation. 

"T have witnessed many so-called parades," 
but this demonstration of yours was so far above 
and beyond anything I ever expected that it in- 
terested me beyond expression. I am sincerely 
delighted that I was fortunate enough to partic- 
ipate in the affair. I expected great things of 
Pittsburgh in an industrial way, but I was hardly 
prepared for the exhibition I saw to-day. The 
parade was worth, in an educational way, every 
cent you have spent for the sesqui-centennial cele- 
bration. The people of Pittsburgh are certainly 
to be congratulated." 

Mr. Fairbanks was greatly pleased with the 
reception he received at the hands of the people 
all along the route of the parade. He w^as com- 
pelled to stand in his carriage with hat in hand 
bowing his acknowledgments during most of the 
way. ''I certainly appreciate the reception I re- 
ceived," said the Vice-President. 

"We always expect great things of Pittsburgh,'' 
declared Governor Stuart, "but to-day's demon- 
stration was more magnificent than I anticipated. 
It is impossible to estimate the educational and 
historical value of the exhibition. 

"Perhaps these features were more prominent 
because we are prone to look only for things in- 
dustrial in Pittsburgh. This latter feature of 
the demonstration must not be overlooked. 

'T am sure it has given me great pleasure to 
be here at this tin^e. ^'^ur city is to be congrat- 
ulated. I saw more than I expected and con- 
sider n vself forUmate to he \'()ur guest. Pitts- 
burgh has demonstrated its ability to handle big 
things, and to-day's demonstration, I will venture 
to say. will not be duplicated for several years at 
least. It was wonderful." 

Governor Stuart was ha])py over the enlhusi 
astic ovation accorded him during the parade. 
The Governor's smiling countenance was recog- 

(i8. 



nized instantly by the great crowd of spectators 
and he was forced to bow many times. 

One of the most delighted of the city's guests 
was former Governor Pennypacker, who was one 
of the strongest advocates of the Greater Pitts- 
burgh bill when it was before the Legislature. 
'T have been amply repaid for all I e\'er did in 
assisting the consummation of a Greater Pitts- 
burgh," declared ]\Ir. Pennypacker. "The 
exhibition which passed in review before us to- 
day was the greatest demonstration, in manv 
ways, that has ever been witnessed in Pennsyl- 
vania. I was particularly interested in the his- 
torical display, and I must say that it was much 
better than I expected. 

"I cannot tell you how much pleasure it has 
given me. It was intensely interesting from start 
to finish. The consolidation of the two cities, 
I can see, has already borne fruit. However, 
you are just at the beginning. Greater Pitts- 
burgh is destined to be a wonder-working city. 
You are already great industrially; in the arts 
and sciences you will be, some dav, just as great. 
I have enjoyed every minute of m_\- \-isit and hope 
it will not be my last. " 

Xo person in the parade received more hearty 
greeting than ex-Governor Pennypacker. From 
the time the parade started until it ended the for- 
mer governor was kept busy bowing from right 
to left in response to the greetings from thousands 
of spectators. 

Lieutenant-Governor Murphy was received 
with no less enthusiasm than the other 
distinguished guests. Mr. Murjjhv has manv 
friends in Western Pennsylvania and is a 
popular oflicial with the masses. The crowd 
cheered and ai)plau(le<l wildlv in greeting all 
along the line. 

Speaking of the parade, Mr. .Murphy said: 
"It was wonderful. It is impossible for me to 
describe the I)eauly and grandeur of the demon- 
stration. I do not lu'lieve Pennsylvania ever 
witnessed anything more beautiful or more in- 
spiring. It was an educational and historical 

3; 





JAMKS SCOTT 



SAMUKL W. BLACK. 





JAMKS FARWELL 



(184) 



BERNARD GLOECKLER 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



treat, and I am more than delighted to have been 
here to witness it. 

"I am no longer astonished at what Pittsburgh 
does. She has accomplished so many great things 
that we have come to expect a little more from her 
than other cities. It was not only a glorious day for 
Pittsburgh, but a glorious day for Pennsylvania as 
well. What Pittsburgh did to-day will live through 
the ages. Pennsylvania is proud of Pittsburgh, 
but no more so than the nation should be." 

Organized labor was well represented in the 
big pageant forming the sixth division. The 
various floats in this division showed plainly how 
tlu' laljoring man has aided in the growth of Pitts- 
burgh during the last century and a half. They 
also showed the progress of the various trades in 
this city during that time. 

Hon. Eric C. F. Collier, the young Englishman 
who is here with the honor guests, was grave as 
usual and did not turn his back on the parade 
except when courtesy demanded. He is getting 
up in his Pittsburgh, and his cheeks glowed with 
enthusiasm as he remarked: 

"You have a most efficient way of doing things 
here in Pittsburgh. In our country the whole 
army would have been necessary to accomplish 



what these few mounted men have done in con- 
trolling the people. The parade? At Queen 
Victoria's diamond jubilee the parade was the 
most magnificent spectacle I ever witnessed. For 
solemn impressiveness Queen Victoria's funeral 
procession I have never seen surpassed. While 
entirely different in purpose and effect, the parade 
I have seen to-day ranks next to these. " 

General Porter was deeply interested in the 
different companies of the Boy's Brigade as they 
passed, laughing heartily as he noted the difffcultv 
with which some of the little chaps passed through 
the evolutions. But his smile faded and his 
face became very grave as he turned to gi\'e his 
opinion of the showing made on Pittsburgh Da_\-. 

"Simply wonderful and extremely orderly," 
was the expression of Arthur Forbes, while Mrs. 
Forbes gave her acknowledgment in the one 
remark, "I have never seen anything like it." 

"Quite splendid, delightful," enthusiastically 
exclaimed ]\Iiss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, while 
Miss Hester Louise Pitt-Taylor declared it was 
"simply wonderful and most magnificent." 

"Perfectly wonderful," exclaimed ]Mrs. Warren 
Fairbanks, and the women gathered about lier 
joined in a chorus of approval. 



U«5) 





H. LEE MASON 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Cenlennial Committee 



E. E. DUI-F 
Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





W.M. B. RUDGERS J- H. S.MITLEV 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(i86) 




(i87) 





J. c. Mcdowell 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Conimiltee 



E. V. BABCOCK 
(^■rcater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 





GEORGE H. FLLNN J. A. MURPHY 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Commitii-c Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Committee 

(i88) 




(i89) 




(igo) 




(190 




-2^. t;^— ^n^^ 



Courtesy Post 

FIRST: FOUR -MEN COSTUMED TO REPRESENT FRE.XCH OFFICERS. SECOND: FOUR MEN COSTUMED TO 
REPRESENT ENGLISH OFFICERS. THIRD: EIGHT MEN COSTUMED IN THE GARB OF \VILLI.\M PENN. 

;\N OLD CONESTOGA WAGON IN REAR 




AN OLD CONESTOGA WAGON 
Unique feature of the Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 



Courtesy Dispatch 



(192) 




I'holo t.v H. II. Wl-Ult 
THE "BLACK MARIA" (PERIOD 1S07-1SS7) 
Driverof wagon: Edward Freil. Other men are uniformed officers representing a guard. On extreme right of uniformed men is the 
colored oflicer in plain clothes, E. J. Harris, who was the original driver of the Black Maria. Harris died last month, July, 1909. 




OLD STYLE ll,\.\l) HRAKF, ENGINE IN GRE.\TER PITTSBURGH DAY TAKAOE 

(19.^) 



CuurlCi.>' Di.--);.itLii 




094J 




EIGHT MEN REPRESENTING NIGHT WATCHMEN OF 1803-1S60 



Courtesy Dispatch 




lEuAl- .S^.MH.,L1Z1N.. THE lU KKAL UK l' VRKS r,n,r.e.y Disr-atch 

park'^implemem^^^^^^ the city colors and flowers; carr>inR park equipment and apparatus; and surrounded by marching men with 

(195) 




Courtesv Dispatch 
FLOAT SHOWING THE WORK OF THE CITY PLAYGROUNDS 
Pittsburgh Playground Association: "There was an old woman (Mother Pitt) who lived in a shoe — she had so many children site did 
not know what to do." Father Pitt has given the children playgrounds. 



(196) 




U97) 




(198) 




(i99) 




(200) 




FLOAT RKPRESENTIXG " WASHIXGTOX AXD GIST CROSSING THK ALLEGHKNV kl\ KR, 175,^' 




Courtesy Gazette-Times 

l-LOAT RKPRESENTING THE RAISING OF THE BRITISH FEAG OVER THE RUINS OF FORT DlQl-ESNE IN i;s8 

GENERAL FORIIES AND ANDREW CARNEGIE. COLONIAL AND HIGHLAND SOLDIERS AND DRUMMER-BOY 

Men on Float: Duncan Mcintosh, William Will, Sr., William Soulherland, John Scolt. David Will, Walter Hog^, George Atkinson. 



(201) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Float — "Washington and Gist crossing the the sentinels heard a heavy boom as if a magazine 

Allegheny River, 1753." had exploded. In the morning the march was 

On the nth of December, 1753, Major George resumed. After the advance guard came Forbes 
Washington, with Christopher Gist as guide, carried on a litter, the troops following in three 
Abraham \'an Braam as interpreter, and four or columns; the Highlanders in the center, headed 
five woodsmen, presented himself as bearer of a ])y Montgomery, the Royal Americans and Pro- 
letter from Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia lo vincials on the right and left, under Bouquet and 
the commander of Fort Le Boeuf. He was kindly Washington. Slowly they made their way be- 



reccived. In fact, no form of courtesy was 
om.itted during the three days occupied by St. 
Pierre in framing his reply to Governor Din- 
widdie's letter. This letter expressed astonish- 
ment that his (St. Pierre's) troops should build 



neath an endless entanglement of bare branches. 
The Highlanders were goaded to madness by 
seeing as they approached the fort the heads of 
their countrymen, who had fallen when Grant 
made his rash attack, .stuck on poles around which 



forts upon lands so notoriously known to be the their plaids had been wrapped in imitation of 

propertv of Great Britain, and demanded their petticoats. Foaming with rage they rushed for- 

immediate and peaceable departure. In his ward, abandoning their muskets and drawing 

answer, St. Pierre said he had acted in accordance their broadswords; but their fury was in vain, 

with the commands of his general, that he would for when they reached a point where the fort sliould 

forward Governor Dinwiddie's letter to the have been in sight, there was notiiing between them 

Marquis Duquesne, and await his orders. and the hills on the opposite banks of the Monon- 

It was on his return journey that Washington gahela and Allegheny but a mass of blackened and 

twice escaped death. First from the gim of a smoldering ruins. The enemy, after l)urning the 

French Indian; then in attempting to cross the barracks and storehouses, had blown up the fortifi- 

Allegheny, which was filled with ice, on a raft, cations and retreated, some down the Ohio, others 

which he and his companions had hastily con- overland to Presque Isle, and others up the Alle- 

structed with tlie help of one hatchet between gheny to Venango. — Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt, 

them. He was thrown into the river and narrowly Float — "The French and Indian War" (1758). 

escaped drowning; but Gist succeeded in dragging The ruins of the fort; the defeat of the French 

him out of the water, and the party landed on and Indians by the English and Colonial forces 

Wainwrights Island, al)C)Ut opposite the foot of represented by a lion rampant over the body of a 

Thirty-third Street. < )n making his report French soldier; French and Indians crouching 
Washington recommended that a fort be Ijuilt 
at the forks of the Ohio.— Fort Duquesne and 
Fort Pitt. 

Float — "Representing tiie raising of the British 
Flag over the ruins of Fort Dufjuesne in 1758." 

General Forbes and Andrew Carnegie. Colon- 
ial and highland soldiers and drummer bo\-. 

On November 18, 1758, 2,500 picked men. led 

by General Forbes, without tents or baggage, settlers Ijy the Indians: the burning cabin and the 

without wagons or artillery except a few light prisoner being tortured at the stake by liis Indian 

pieces, began theii march. captors. 

On the evening of the 24th they encamped on Conspiracy of Pontiac. 

the hills around Turtle Creek, and at midnight The definite treaty of peace between England, 

(202) 



cannon and 



behind the ruins of the fort, their 
firearms Ijroken. 

I-"loat — "The luirly Settlers" (1759-1764). 
Tht- flangers surrounding the pioneer portrayed 
by the log caljin in tlie forest and the nearby 
Indian camp and warriors. 

Float — "The Pontiac War." 

Showing the atrocities practiced upon the early 




FLOAT REPRESEXTIXG THE FRENXH AM) IXIJIAX WAR 



Courtesy Chronicle-Telegraph 
(175S) 




Courtesy Chroniclr 



"THE EARLY SETTLERS" (1759-1764) 
The dangers surrounding the pioneer portrayed by the log cabin in the forest, and the nearby Indian campand warriors 



(203) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Spain and France was signed February lo, 1763, 
but before tliat time Pontiac, the great chief of 
the Ottawas, was planning his c()ns])iracy which 
carried death and desolation throughout the 
frontier. 

When the news of this Indian uprising reached 
General Amherst he ordered Colonel Boucjuet to 
march with a detachment of 500 men to the relief 
of the besieged forts. Detroit was saved after a 
a l(Mig and close siege. Forts Pitt and Niagara 
narrowl}- escaped, while I.e Boeuf, Venango, 
Pres(|ue Isle, Miamis, St. Joseph, Ouachtanon, 
Sandusky and Michillimackinac all fell into the 
hands of the Indians. Their garrisons were either 
butchered on the spot, or carried off to be tortured 
for the amusement of their cruel captors. 

"On July 25th, Bouquet reached Fort Bedford, 
where he was fortunate in securing twenty back- 
woodsmen to go with him. This little army toiled 
on through the blazing heat of July over the 
-VHeghanies, and reached Fort Ligonier August 
2d, the Indians, who had besieged the fort for two 
months, disappearing at the approach of the troop. 
Here l)OUi|Uft left his o.xen and wagons and re- 
sumed his march on the 4th. On the 5th, about 
noon, he encountered the enemy at Bushy Run. 
The battle raged for two days, and ended in a 
total rout of the savages. The loss of the British 
was 115 men and 8 oflicers. The distance to 
I'ort Pitt was 25 miles, which place was reached 
on the loth. The enemy had abandoned the siege 
and marched to unite their forces with those which 



attacked Colonel Bouquet at Bushy Run. The 
savages continued their hasty retreat, but Colonel 
Bou(|uet's force was not sulTcient lo enable him to 
pursue the enemy beyond the Ohio, and he was 
obliged to content himself with supplying Fort 
Pitt and other forts with ])rovisions, ammunition 
and stores. 

It was at this time (1764) that Colonel Bouquet 
built the little redoubt which is now not onlv all 
that remains of Fort Pitt, but the onlv existing 
monument of British occupancy in the region. — 
Fort Du(]uesnc and Fort Pitt. 

Float — "The Wars of 1770 and 1812." 

Tableau svmbolizing the victory of the colonists 
over the English forces. The Rising Sun of 
Liberty dissipating the clouds of war. 

During the struggle for independence the settle- 
ments west of the .Mleghanies had little to fear 
from the invading armies of Great Britain; but 
influenced by the English the Indians again began 
their ravages. 

Fort Pitt was at this time under the command 
of Captain John X^evillc, and was the center of 
Government authority. Just two days after the 
Declaration of Independence, but long before the 
ncus of it could have cro.ssed the mountains, we 
read of a conference at Fort Pitt between Major 
Trent, Major A\'ard, Captain Xeville and other 
olticcrs of the garrison, with the famous Pontiac, 
Guyasuta, Captain Pipe and other representatives 
of the Si.x Xations. Guyasuta was the chief 
speaker. — Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt. 



(204) 




'THE POXTIAC WAR- 



LViurlc^y (I;i7f1tc I ime^ 



Showing the atrocities practiced upon the early settlers by the Iidians. the burnin ; cabin, and the prisoner being tortured at the 
stake by his Indian captors. 




Courtesy Oizclte-Times 



I-LO.\T RKPKKSKNTI.Vt; "THK WARS OK 1776 AND 1812" 




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(206) 




_,, f II - o Courtesy Dispatch 

Ihe following Scotchmen who took a prominent part in the Sesqui-ccntennial are: Thomas P. Jenkinson, George McRav Xn^us 

Moir, Donald McKay, James McNichoI, Thomas Gow, Alex. McDonald, Alex. McLeod, Joe McKenzie, Samuel Dou.'al Robe'rl Mill 

WiUiam Craig, .Andrew Forsyth. 




COK.NPLANTER INDIANS MARCHING 
Headed by Chief Thomas \V. Jacobs 



Courtesy Gazette-Times 



(207) 




FLOAT REPRKSEXTIXG THli ARMY, 1S61-65, MANNED AND EQUIPPED BY YOUNG MEN 




FIFE AM) DRUM CORl'S Ci)Mr(JSi;D OK VETERANS OF THE CI\1!. WAR IX 
(GREATER PITTSHURGH DAY PARADE 



(208) 










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0\1-; HUXDRED BOYS FROM GRADE iCilUULS, REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTARY SCliiJUl> ' 'I 11 rTSBURGH 




ONE HUNDRED YOUNG MEN FROM THE PITTSBURGH HIGH SCHOOL, REPRESENTING THE SECONDARY 

SCHOOLS OF PITTSBURGH 



(2 I 2) 




FLOAT REPRESEXTIXG HIGHER EDUCATION 
The Ijuildings of the proposed University of Pittsburgh, surrounded by figures in cap and gown, representing the various professions 




ONE HUNDRED MEN FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, REPRESENTING HIGHER EDUCATION 

(213) 




CARNEGIE TECHNICAL SCHOOL FLOAT 
"Education and Labor" 
From left to rit;lit; George H. Clapp. Chairman Executive Committee University of Pittsburgh, Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor 
University of Pittsburgh, Rev. S. B. Linhart, Secretary University of Pittsburgh, Dr. William J. Holland, Vice-President C. \V. Fairbanks, 
Governor Edwin S. Stuart, Dr. J. A. Brashear; George C. Palmer, architect, and General Horace Porter. 



(214) 




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CHARLES J. GRAHAM 
Marshal. Manufacturirs' Division, Greater riuslmrgh Day Parade 





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C. W. GRAY H. C. GRAHAM 

Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade Aiil Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 

(218) 




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W. G. CLYDE 
Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 





I), li. COHLI-; 
Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh T)ay I'aradc 



J. R. SWIl-T 
Aid Manufacturers' Division Greater Pittsburgh Day Parade 



(220) 




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FRANK R. BABCOCK 
Marshal Eighth Division 





ADAM WILSON 
Aid to Marshal Babcock 



SAML. McCLEMENTS 
Aid to Marshal Babcock 



(232) 






O. H. BABCOCK 
Aid to Marshal Babcock 



E. M. DIEBOLD 
Aid to Marshal Babco.k 





H. L. BLIND 
Aid to Marshal Babcock 



W. M. FURRY 
Aid to Marshal Babcock 



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EUWIX M. HILL 
President Retail Lumber Dealers Association 



WALTER E. AHLERS 
Treasurer Retail Lumber Dealers Association 





ALBERT J. RIGHTOR 
Secretary Retail Lumber Dealers Association 



(241) 



JAMES J. MUNN 
Retail Lumber Dealers Assccialion 




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(246) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



MARDI GRAS ON SOUTH SIDE 



devoted their attention to the merry-go-round, 
the Ferris Avheel and dodging nigger, the country 

Twenty thousand people lined Carson Street, circus, the hootchie-koochie show, and the various 
South Side, last night to witness the Mardi Gras other means of entertainment provided, 
parade arranged by the business men of that About 7 o'clock the advance guard of the mas- 
section as a precurser to the great parade that is qucraders appeared and from that on until after 
to take place this afternoon. Last night every- midnight King Fun held full sway, 
thing that conduced to fun and a good tinx- was There was the regulation tickler fiends who 
permitted. There was no roughness and a very threw confetti, the ones who toted along a cow- 
little disorder, and the merry thousands who bell and the ones who tried to turn the sidewalks 
participated in the jollification enjoyed themselves into football fields, 
to their hearts' content. On the whole, however, the affair was quite 

The South Side celebration is intended primarily orderly, and none there was who overstepped the 

for South Siders. Msitors from other sections of bounds, the aforesaid bounds being judged from 

the city are welcome: they were even permitted a IMardi Gras standpoint. 

yesterday to participate in the several athletic There had been no arrests made up until it 

contests held at the recreation grounds in South o'clock, and at the South Thirteenth Street 

Twenty-second Street and South Ninth Street, station it was reported that no accidents had 

These contests were indulged in by young and occurred, 

old alike, and substantial prizes were provided One pleasing feature about the South Side cele- 



by the merchants for each e\'ent. 

The chief feature yesterday was the setting at 
liberty (for a while) of the greased pig. The 
porker, weighing 150 pounds, went to the person 
who caught it. .\lso there went alono a bo.x of 
soap and several other prizes. 

The pig was kept in the cellar of a saloon at 
Carson and South Twelth Streets, and no person 



bration was that many former residents of the 
district took ad\-antage of the occasion to return 
"home" for a time, if only long enough to say 
"How d'ye do?" to the friends and acquaintances 
of the long ago. 

Scores of former friends who had not met 
for from five to fifteen years renewed their friend- 
ship yesterday , and other scores will do the same 



outside the committee was supposed to know to-dav. 

when it would be turned loose. The men who liuve labored so arduously for 

This resulted in thousands of people taking the success of the South Side celebration have as 

up their stand along Carson from South Tenth their chairman John Reeves, for many years boss 

to South Thirteenth Streets and Avaiting there millwright in the mills of the Oliver Iron and 

for hours in the hopes of being the lucky one. Steel company. 

Finally, about 5 p. m., the crowd began thinning Every merchant, business man and professional 
out. Then the pig made its appearance. Brought man, as well as most of the private citizens of 
up from the cellar and prodded with a sharp the South Side has worked hard to make the 
stick, the porker stood demoralized for a moment; atTair a success. The committee .\ssisting chair- 
then it gave vent to a squeal of fright and indig- man Reeves consists of John Dunker, Lawrence 
nation. Byers, Joliii Hergn ann, John Patch, David 

Finally, after a half-hour's hot sport, the porker Hughes, August Kriel, W. R. Paulin, George 

was captured by a man after it had dodged under Long, Charles Long. George A. Jones, Thomas 

a stand in the market house. Friedel and J. B. Focrster. Nearly $2,000 was 

During the early hours of the evening theVrowds raised by subscription. 

(247) 




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(248) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



GUESTS AT DUQUESNE CLUB DINNER 



MR. LEE S. SMITH, Prcsidc-m ChamlR-r of Commerce. 

HON, EDWIN S. STUART, (iovernor of Pennsvlvania. 

MR. F. R. B.VBCOCK, \ice-President Chamber of Com- 
merce. 

HON. ROBERT S. MURPHV, Lieutenant-Governor of 
Pennsylvania. 

MR. D. P. BL.\CK. Vice-President Chamber of Commerce. 

HON. S. W. PEXNYP.\CKER, ex-Clovernor. Penn- 
svlvania. 

HON. W. A. STONE, ex-Oovernor Pennsvlvania. 

GENERAL T. J. STEWART, Adjutani-c'leneral National 
Guard, Pennsylvania. 

MR. D. C. RIPLEY, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

HON. JOHN DALZELL, Member Congress. 

Mr. E."A. KITZMILLER, Director Chamber of Com- 
merce. 

HON. JOHN D. SHAFER, Allegheny County Court. 

MR. ]. W. KINNEAR, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

Hon! J. M. SWEARINGEN, Allegheny County Court. 

MR. .\. 1. KELLY, Jr., Director Chamber of Commerce. 

HON. W. H. GRAHAM, Member Congress. 

MR. JAS. A. HENDERSON, Director Chamber of Com- 
merce. 

W. B. RODGERS, Esq., Citv Solicitor. 

COLONEL C. A. ROOK, Governor's staff. 

HON. lAMES F. BURKE, Alember Congreess. 

COLONEL FRANK G. SWEENEY, Governor's stalT. 

COLONEL J. P. PENNEY, Governor's staff. 

COLONEL J. M. REID, Governor's staff. 

MR. W. G. WILKINS, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

COLONEL OLIVER S. HERSHMAN, Governor's staff. 

COLONEL J. W. HUTCHINS, Governor's staff. 

COLONEL L. T. BROWN, Governor's staff. 

COLONEL J. R. WIGGINS, Governor's staff. 

COLONEL LEWIS E. BEITLER, (lovernor's staff. 

MR. HAMILTON STEWART, Director Chamber of 
Commerce. 

COLONEL FRED E. PUSEY, Governor's staff. 

HON. A. B. MILLAR, Secretary to Governor. 

MR. A. M. H.\N.\UER, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

SERGEANT W. L. HICKS, Governor's Staff. 

MR. JOHN EICHLEAY, Jr., Director Chamber of 
Commerce. 

HON. E. R. WALTERS, Pre.sident Select Council. 

-MR. A. J. BIHLER, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

MR. JOHN C. OLIVER, Member of Common Council. 

MR. SAMUEL McELR(JY, Member of Common Council. 

MR. WILLIAM BRAND, President Common Council. 

MR. E. P. EBBi;kTS, Memljer F.nlertainment Committee. 

MR. lOHN W. ROBINSON, Allegheny Citizens. 

REV. F. P. W.VRD 

MR. OTTO F. FELIX, Director Chaml)er of Comnuive. 

MR. T. D. HARMAN, Pittsburgh Boiud of Trade. 

MR. I. E. HIRSCH, \olksljiatt und Freights Freund. 

MR. MARCUS RAUH, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

MR. W. H. NEELY, Director Chamber of Commerce. 



MR. WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Director Chamber of Com- 
merce. 

MR. JOHN B. B.VRBOUR, Jr., Chairman Committee 
on Entertainment. 

GENERAL H. M. NE\IUS, Commander-in-Chief (irand 
.\rmv (>( Repulilic. 

MAJOR A. P. BURCHFIELD, Chamber of Commerce. 

MR. I()HN H. lONES, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

HON. JOHN M. GOEHRING, Member of State 
Legislature. 

DR. S. B. McCORMICK, Chancellor University of 
Pittsburgh. 

MR. D. F. COLLINGWOOD, Member Committee on 
Entertainment. 

MR. W. S. BROWN, Member Entertainment Committee. 

HON. CYRUS E. WOODS, Member State Legislature. 

MR. R. H. BOGGS. 

DR. A. A. HAMERSCHLAG, Director Carnegie Technical 
Schools. 

MR. ROBERT GARLAXD. Director Chamber of Com- 
merce. 

MR. A. P. MOORE, "Pittsburgh Leader." 

HON. ROBERT McAFEE, Secretary of the Common- 
wealth. 

HON. lOHN M. KENNEDY, Alleghenv Counlv Court. 

CAPT.-UX W. B. RODGERS, Director Chamber 'of Com- 
merce. 

MR. J. \\. M.VRSH, Director Chamber of Commerce. 

HON. JAMES W. BROWN 

HON. WILLIAM METCALF. Jr.. Member Select Coun- 
cil. 

REAR-ADMIRAL GEORGE C. REITER. United .States 
Navv. 

MR. WILLIAM L. JONES, Director Chaml)cr of Com- 
merce. 

HON. W. P. POTTER, Pennsvlvania Suj^reme Couri. 

DR. JOHN A. BRASHEAR 

HON. S. LESLIE MESTREZ.VF. Pennsylvania Sui>reme 
Court. 

MR. JOHN EATON, President of Chamber of Commerce 
at the time llie Greater Piltsburgii Bill was enacted. 

GENERAL HORACE PORTl'.R, guest of Ciiv. 

HON. ERIC COLLIER, of Enghmd, gue.st of'ciiv. 

MR. C. E. E. CHILDERS, Entertainment Committee. 

HON. ARTHUR FORBES, of Scotland, guest of citv. 

MR. H. D. W. ENGLISH, Cliairman Greater Pittsburgh 
Day Committee. 

GENERAL S. B. M. VOUXC, Grand Marshal (Ireater 
Pittsburgh Dav. 

MR. W. H. STE\i;XSoN, Chairman Executive Com- 
mittee Greater Pittsburgh Dav. 

HON. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE, Mayor City of Pitts- 
burgh. 

HON. CHAS. W. FAIRBANKS, \ice-President United 
Slates of .-\merica. 

MR. LOG.VN McKEE, Secretary Chamber of Commerce. 



(249) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



CHAMBER OF COMMERCE DINES 
CITY'S GUESTS 

Followint; an informal banquet at the Duquesnc 
Club last evening, at which the directors of the 
Chamber of Commerce and the city's guests were 
entertained, a reception was tendered them at the 
rooms of the Chamber of Commerce, with many 
of the formost business men of Pittsburgh in at- 
tendance. 

The rooms were decorated with a splendid 
showing of the city and national colors, the State 
and city seals being much in evidence. Music 
was furnished by an orchestra concealed behind 
a bank of i)alms. 

In the receiving line were: Vice-President 
Charles W. Fairbanks, Governor Edwin S. Stuart, 
Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. Murphy, ex- 
Governor S. W. Pennypacker, ex- Governor W. 
A. Stone, Adjutant-General A. T. Stewart, Arthur 
Forbes, Eric Collier, General S. B. M. Young, 
General Horace Porter, Supreme Court Judges 
W. P. Potter, S. L. Mestrezat, Congressmen 
[olin Dal/.ell, James F. Burke, W. H. Graham, 
Commander-in-Chief H. M. Nevius, G. A. R., 
members Governor's military staff, Lee S. Smith, 
president Chamber of Commerce; William H. 
Stevens, vice-president: F. R. Babcock, Judges 
Robert S. Shafcr and J. TI. Swearingen, and 
Secretary of Commonwealth Robert ]NLicAfee. 

In an informal manner several of the distin- 
guished guests were introduced by the Presiflent 
of the Chamber of Commerce, Lee S. Smith, and 
responded with short speeches. 

Ex-Governor Pennypacker was introduced as 
the "Daddy of Greater Pittsburgh," and spoke 
as follows: 

"Mr. Chairman and Gentiemen of the Chamber 
of Commerce: Agreeable and satisfactory as 
have been the results of to-day's demonstration 
of the energy and capability of the city of Pitts- 
burgh, I am here unhapjjy, disappointed, mis- 
led, betrayed. When they sent to me the olTicial 
program of the demonstration I saw that there 

(2 



was to be a parade, a dinner at 7 -.^o and a recep- 
tion at 8:30, and I thought that there would be 
no opportunity of making speeches. Here I am 
made mournful to lind that I am 'up against it. ' 

"Just after the War of Rebellion, in the Shen- 
andoah valley, in the State of \^irginia, when 
Sheridan, instructed by General Grant, had 
burned every barn, every mill for 100 miles, this 
story is told : Following in Sheridan's wake, many 
who deserted from the Confederate armv were 
promptly hanged. Among those captured was 
a Pennsylvania Dutchman, who after his cap- 
ture was prompdy hurried to the rear. 'Vat 
arc you vellers goin' to do mit me?' he inquired. 
'We are going to hang \ou,' was the reply. 'Veil, 
vatefer is the rule,' replied the Dutchman. 

" The Pennsylvania Dutchman is the represen- 
tative of the race, and whatever is the rule I am 
bound to follow. 

"Greater Pittsburgh is the result of conditions 
that came about naturallv. Among those that 
may be given credit for this I mention first the 
newspapers that agitated it. Credit also must 
be given to the skilled lawA'ers wlio framed the 
charter and the members of the Legislature that 
saw it passed. There is nothing in my public ca- 
reer of which I am more proud than the passage 
of that bill. 

Pittsburgh is impregnable in location, more 
so than any other American city. \Mien Thomas 
Jefferson made the Louisiana purchase from France 
he thought that the ^Mississippi valley would 
become the great waterway of the country. The 
railroads have interfered with this to some extent 
in the present day, but the time will come when 
the waterwa}s will be restored to their former 
greatness and this will become. the greatest city 
in llie world. 

For a long time there was a question as to 
whether France or England would dominate on 
this continent. .\t one time Fort Duquesne, 
owned by tlie French, was in the center, when to 
the right was the St. LawTcnce River and to the 
left was .\ew Orleans. When England gained 

50) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



the domination of this center it changed the whole 
of Europe. 

"We have heard much talk here of late of 
predatory wealth, but at the present time we must 
admit that money is the power that rules, the 
greatest power in the world, and of this Pittsburgh 
has been made by nature the greatest center in the 
world. 

And Pittsburgh at the present time stands, as 
does the National Government, for the spirit of 
modern progress and advancement." 

Vice-President Fairbanks made a short speech, 
thanking the members for their generous hos- 
pitality and kindly welcome. He said that he 
contrasted in his mind the hearty welcome that 
he had received at the event with the welcome 
that he received when he was a boy coming to 
this city from college thirty-five years ago, but 
he had found that the hearts had not changed 
since then in their highest expressions of cordiality. 

He said that he had heard much of Greater 
Pittsburgh, but that he did not like the expression, 
as he thought that it would be better to say " Great 
Pittsburgh, " and to look to the future for a " Great- 
er Pittsburgh." 

He stated that he was interested in the talk 
of a highway to Philadelphia and another to the 
West, which the establishment of a great water 
way from Pittsburgh would mean. He said that 
the opening of a great highway to the Western 
country was to be greatly desired, for its impor- 
tance in a commercial way. 

He closed by saying that there was no pessim- 
ism in his view of the city of Pittsburgh, as had 
he ever been inclined to such a view the magni- 
ficent spectacle of the day would (|uickly cause 
it to vanish. 

Go\'ernor Stuart then made a short speech 
in which he spoke of the e\-ents of the dav as 



being the most inspiring spectacle that he had 
ever mtnessed in his life, and the most inspiring 
part of it was the great body of American citizens 
that he had seen taking part and witnessing the 
spectacle, all looking prosperous and progressive. 

The (Governor paid his respects to the Flag, 
which, he said, stood to-day for what William Penn 
stood 200 5'ears ago — civilization and liberty. 

Lieutenant-Governor Murphv made an address 
in which he said that the growth of the city of 
Pittsburgh from 1758 to 1908 had been the most 
marvelous in the history of the world, and due to 
the high ability of the men who had taken part in 
the growth of the city. He spoke of the city 
as a queenly city and the most magnificent in- 
dustrial center in the world. 

Mayor Guthrie then, in a few words, said that 
the speakers before had voiced his sentiments 
and that he was in favor of the movement to make 
the IMonongahcla and .Allegheny rivers more nav- 
igable and the establishment of more intimate 
commercial relations \\-ith the West. 

He thanked the members of the Chamber of 
Commerce for the important part that they had 
taken in the celebration of the week. He also 
voiced the gratitude of the city to the foreign guests 
who had come from a distance to help in the more 
fitting celebration of the great event. 

Lieutenant-Governor R. S. ^lurphv in his 
speech referred to Pittsburgh as "the most mag- 
nificent industrial center of the world, and spoke 
of its marvelous growth from 1758 lo igoS, and 
offered a warm testimonial to the enterprise of 
Pittsl)urgh's public-minded men and women 
who have assisted in its growth and development. 

Members of the Chamber of Commerce having 
charge of the reception were John B. Barber,Jr., 
chairman; Robert Gail, W. S. Hrown. F. P. 
Fveritts and D. F. Collin^wood. 



(251) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



NOTABLES ON REVIEWING STAND 



In the rcvicwin,!^^ stand with Mayor George \\'. 
Guthrie were \'ice-President Charles Warren 
Fairbanks, Governor E. S. Stuart, Lieutenant 
Governor Robert S. Murphy, General S. B. M. 
Young, Adjutant-General T. J. Stewart, former 
Governor Samuel Penn}packcr, former Gov- 
ernor W. A. Stone, Colonel John P. Penne\', 
General Horace C. Porter, Captain Janus W. 
Porter, Colonel S. W. Jeffries, Majors Harr\- G. 
Koerner, William O. :McNary, C. C. \Mlcy. 
Captains Ralph E. Flinn and Harry B. Bunting, 
Lieutenant Curtis Hussey, Cadets Albert H. 
Acher, Robert W. Clark, Kenneth B. Harmon, 
Joseph C. Morrow, Jr., Paul Sorg Reinecke, John 
W. Stewart, John R. Walker, Maurice D. Welty, 
and John May Howell of the U. S. M. A.; Ed- 
ward Abi'l, J. H. Bair, D. P. Black, W. H. Brown, 
Colonel Samuel Ilarck'n Church, Jolin B. Jackson, 
A. j. Kelly, Jr., W. K. Steele, Joseph W. Marsh, 
lion. [. ]. Miller, Colonel Chambers McKibben, 
Henry McKnight, John II. Ricketson, Jr., Dr. 
C. P. Si-i]i, E. Z. Smith, Francis J. Torrance, A. 
Leo WlmI, H. 1). W. English, W. II. Stevenson, 
GovL'rnor Stuart's staff, consisting of Colonels 
Frank G. Sweeney, Oliver S. Hershman, C. A. 
Rook, James M. Reid. !,. T. Brown, Lewis E. 
BcitliT, |. \\'arner Hutchins, J. K. Wiggins and 
1'"ri1 T. I'us(.'v, and .\. li. Millar, pri\ale secre- 
tary to Governor Stuart; Justices S. Leslie Mes- 
tresat and William P. Potter, Judges Joseph Buf- 
fington, James M. ^■oung. R. S. Frazer, Joseph 
M. Swearingen, J. M. Kennedy and Wm. G. 
Hawkins, Jr., Representatives JanKs l-'rancis 



I)urke, John Dalzull and Wm. II. Graham, State 
Senators John M. Goehring, U. A. Wilbert, Cyrus 
^^'oods and John W. Crawford, Deputy Mayor 
Charles F. Kirschler, Controller E. S. Morrow, 
City Solicitor William B. Rodgers, Councilmen 
E. R. Walters, John C. Oliver, William Brand 
and Samuel McElroy, Colonel A. J. Logan, T. D. 
Ilarman, George C. Reiter, R. H. Boggs, Rev. 
Francis P. Ward, John W. Robinson, Robert 
)^Icafee, Lee S. Smith, John Eaton, H. J. Heinz, 
William L. Jones, Joseph W. Brown, George T. 
Oliver, I. E. Hirsch, Director E. G. Lang, Colonel 
J. M. Schoonmaker, Colonel E. J. Allen, General 
Xevius and Major A. P. Burchfield. 

In the box to the right were the Misses Pitt- 
Taylor, Mrs. Charles Warren Fairbanks, Mrs. 
\\'arren Fairbanks, Hon. Eric Collier, Mrs. George 
W. Guthrie, Mrs. H. D. W. English, Mrs. E. T. 
Cassidy, ^Irs. James W. Brown, Mrs. William 
II. Rea, Mrs. W. H. Stevenson, Miss Rachel 
Aiken, Miss .Vnna Stevenson, Miss Patterson, 
Mr. and Mrs. William Metcalf, Jr., C. E. E. 
Childers, A. H. Burchfield. 

In the box to the left were Miss 2\Iartha Wash- 
ington, Mrs. Robert S. Murphy, ]\Ir. and Mrs. 
.\rthur Forbes, Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., Dr. and 
Mrs. ^\■. j. Holland, Director an<l Mr>. .\rlhur 
Ilamerschlag, Mr. anfl Mrs. Herbert Dupuy, Mr. 
and Mrs. E. M. Bigelow, Mr. and Mrs. James I. 
Kay, Mrs. John (;. Ilolnu's, R. W. Guthrie, Dr. 
John .\. Brashear, Mrs. D. P. Black, Captain 
and Mrs. James .\. Henderson, Postmaster W. 
11. Da\is, Chancellor and Mrs. S. I',. McCormick. 



(252) 




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(254) 




(^55) 




GEORGI-: H. CLAl'l' 

Master of Ceremonies Corner Stone Laying School of 

Mines Building, University of Pittsburgh 





SAMUEL A. TAYLOR 

Commitlec on University of Pittsburgh Corner 

Stone Laying 



T. iL B. Mcknight 

Committee on University of Pittsburgh Corner 
Stone Laying 



(256) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 
LAYING OF CORNER-STONE OF SCHOOL OF MINES BUILDING 



Friday, October 2d, will always be remembered 
as an important date in the history of the Univer- 
sity of Pittsburgh. On that date the corner-stone 
of the first building on the new campus was laid 
with appropriate ceremonies. 

It was arranged that this event should be a 
part of the Sesqui-Centennial celebration to follow 
immediately after the laying of the corner-stone 
of the Soldiers' Alemorial. 

Just before the exercises at the Soldiers' Mem- 
orial began, the trustees, members of the faculty 
and students of the University, to the number of 
over five hundred, formed in line on either side 
of Grant Boulevard and saluted the flags of the 
veterans as they marched up the boulevard on 
their way to their places in front of the ^lemorial 
Building. 

Immediately after the corner-stone of the mem- 
orial was laid the speakers, invited guests and 
representatives of the University proceeded to the 
School of Mines Building, where a large audience 
had assembled and the following program was 
carried out, the addresses of the various speakers 
being given in full. The following guests of the 
City of Pittsburgh at the Sesqui-Centennial cele- 
bration were present on the platform : }kliss Hester 
Louise Pitt-Taylor, Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, 
and Hon. Eric CoUyer, of London; Mr. and Mrs. 
Arthur Forbes, of Edinburgh, and Miss Martha 
Washington, of Philadelphia. 

PROGRAM 

George Hubbard Clapj), Class of 1877, President of the 
Board of Trustees, presiding. 

Invocation — Rt. Rev. Cortlandt Whitehead, D. D. 

Song — "Veni, Vidi, Vici" — Students of the University, 
Prof. Ferdinand Bcrger, Director. 

.Address — Hon. (Icorge Wilkins Guthrie, Class of 1866, 
Mayor of Pittsburgh. 

Address — William J. Holland, I). 1).. 1. 1.. I)., ex- 
Chancellor of the University. 

Addre.ss — Hon. Kflwin S. Stuart, Governor of I'cnn- 
sylvania. 

(2 



Address — Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, Vice-President 
of the United States. 

Address — Hon. John O. Sheatz, Treasurer of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Address — Dr. John A. Brashear. 

Laying of the Corner-Stone — Chancellor Samuel Black 
McCormick. 

Hymn — ''.America." 

Benediction— Rev. Matthew Brown Riddle, D. D., LL. D. 

SONG — VENI, VIDI, VICI. 

Many years we have been peering 

Through a mist of gloom. 
Hoping that our Alma Mater, 

Might secure a home. 
Uni, Uni, rough thy path 

As thy steps ascend, 
But thy sons are loyal, true. 

And will be to the end. 

Now at last the mist is lifted, 

And through it we see 
Visions of a grand and mighty 

University. 
"Veni, Vidi, et Vici," 

Caesar did exclaim, 
Again the Rubicon is crossed. 

To Pittsburgh, be the fame. 

In the future soon (31d Uni 

Glorious will rise. 
Reared against the blue of heaven. 

Framed by golden skies. 
Sons of Uni, shout aloud, joy proc laim, 

Proud, victorious, true, 
.\nd with willing iiands uphold 

The valiant Gold and Blue. 

ADDRESS OF .M.\YOR GfTHRIE 

"Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, Stu- 
dents of the University: I feel it a pleasure and 
an honor to be with you to-day and participate in 
this service. It seems eminently fit and proper that 
these services of the laying of the corner-stone 
of our building should fall in connection with the 
laying of the corner-stone of that glorious mem- 

57) 




BENJAMIN' THAW 
Committee on University of Pittsburgh Corner- 
stone Laying 





ROBERT PITCAIRN 
Committee on University of Piltshurgh Comer- 
Stone Laying 



(258) 



HOWARD HEINZ 
Committee on University of Pittsburgh Comer- 
Stone Laying 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



orial which is to stand opposite, a memorial of 
heroism and devotion to duty that should inspire 
us and all men in the years to come; that you 
should now, when such a great memorial has been 
started, a memorial of great deeds of the past — 
that you should here lay this corner-stone, plant 
the seeds which we hope will blossom into death- 
less deeds as great and glorious as those w'hich have 
been performed in the past. The greatest work 
of the State, the greatest work of civilization is 
not making money, is not building great buildings, 
glorious and beautiful as they may be, but build- 
ing character, making men ; and it is truer in this 
republic than anywhere else that the safety and 
perpetuity of the republic itself, the stability of 
our institutions, the permanence of our civilization, 
rest upon the character of our people. And if 
w^e would ha\e this nation continue great and 
strong, we must take steps which will build up in 
our people a character, a nature, a disposition, 
a will to make this nation, to make our Gov- 
ernment that which it should be for all time, that 
of a free, liberty-loving, self-governing people, 
who respect the rights of others and will ha^•e the 
rights which belong to them as the gift of their 
Creator. 

"I hope that this great building now being 
erected will be but the predecessor of others to ac- 
company it, and that from these walls will go forth 
in the years to come a constant stream of men and 
women, trained to the duties of life, trained in 
heart and mind to meet the responsibilities of 
life and to carry forward the w^ork of this great 
nation, which has been saved by the heroes whom 
we commemorated a moment ago, and whicli, 
under the blessing of God, will blossom in all the 
years to come with heroism as great as theirs. 
.\nd let me tell you, your daily duty as citizens 
of this country call for as great devotion, heroism 
of the mind if not of the body, which enables you 
to meet the problems of civilization and to solve 
them without fear, to face, if need be, temporary 
opposition, abuse and denunciation, if you are 
fortified in your hearts with the knowledge that 

(2 



what you stand for is the truth and the God and 
the salvation of your country. 

''Wishing to our University prosperity and long 
years of usefulness, I bid you godspeed in your 
work. " 

ADDRESS OF DR. HOLLAND 

"Mr. Vice-President, Your E.xcellency, Mr. 
Chancellor, Fellow Students: The product of 
the coal mines of Pennsylvania exceeds in value the 
product of all other mines in this state, and e.x- 
ceed in value the product of all mines of precious 
metals on the continent of North America. This 
fact properlv impressed upon the minds of those 
who were in charge of the destinies of this insti- 
tution some lifteen years ago, led them to think 
that Pittsburgh, located in the heart of this bitu- 
minous coal field, was a fitting site in which to es- 
tablish a school of mines; and in order to do 
that, we felt that we had need of the aid of the 
generous mother of us all, the Commonwealth. 
I do not knoAV whether the illustrious occupant of 
the White House woukl entirely approve of what 
we did, in these times of strenuous thinking in 
reference to political matters. But the represen- 
tatives of Allegheny County were invited to dinner 
one day in a house the roof of which I see over 
yonder, and they agreed that the University of 
this city deserved to have some legislative assist- 
ance. Thanks to the kind efforts of several of 
those who have passed aw-ay and whom we love 
to tliink of pleasantly and to honor in our thought. 
Senator Matthew Stanley Quay, Hon. Christo- 
pher Lyman Magee, and their associates, the 
proper legislation w-as introduced and passed, 
and Governor Hastings signed the bill creating the 
Western Pennsylvania School of Mining Engineer- 
ing, carrying an a|)propriation of fifty thousand 
dollars. We asked for two hundred antl fifty 
thousand; we got only fifty. That fifty was con- 
ditioned upon our raising another fifty; and the 
fluty of soliciting that fifty fell upon our humble 
servant. Tlianks to the generosity of Mr. Magee, 
who contributed ten thousand dollars, of ^Irs. 

59) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



George B. Edwards, of the late ]Mr. Charles 
Lockhart, and another gentleman who insisted 
that his name should not be mentioned in connec- 
tion with his gift of five thousand dollars, we 
quickly had twentj^-five thousand. And then 
the other twenty-five had to be raised in con- 
tributions running from one dollar up to twenty- 
five hundred dollars. Coming as it did just after 
the panic times of ninety-three, we were very 
grateful to get the fifty from the people and the 
fifty from the State. The State has nobly supple- 
mented \vhat she did in that first gift since. And 
we are laying here the foundations of a building 
which is one of a series of buildings that are de- 
signed, which will convert this hill, upon which 
I see the remains of the old earthworks that were 
built in tlic times of the Civil War to protect us 
against Morgan's raid, into the acropolis of the 
center of the iron industry of the continent. 

"I might tell you a great many things about 
the history of the University in mv dav, but hav- 
ing been thus reminiscential, I think it is proper 
for me simply to yield to others. But I wish 
before I take my seat to express to you, one and 
all, trustees, faculty and students of this University, 
the oldest institution of learning on the continent 
w'est of the Appalachian mountains, with but 
one exception, having been established in 1787, 
my best and heartiest wishes for your prosperity 
and success in all things, temporal and spiritual. 
And I want you to remember that it should be the 
fundamental tenet of a man's life to utter the 
prayer day by day, 'The work of our hands es- 
tablish thou it.' And if you have ever been a 
student in the University, or a teacher in the 
University, or in any way connected with it, your 
duty is to be loyal to it until your last breath." 

ADDRESS OF GOXKRNOR STUART 



"Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I 
do not know that I am able to tell the second step. 
The second step was asking the legislature for 
some more money. I do not propose to tell the 

(260) 



second step. That was a mistaken idea, that 
the legislature makes these appropriations. That 
is not true. It is the governor who makes the 
appropriations. Because under our law the leg- 
islature appropriates all moneys, appropriations 
can only originate in the legislature, and they 
always do it. The last session of the legislature 
appropriated to various institutions, charitable and 
educational, and to carry on the government, 
something like sevent3'-two millions of dollars. 
It then went to the Governor. He was told by 
the state treasurer and the auditor-general, the 
only men who could inform him of what the esti- 
mated re\'enues would be, that we would only have 
about forty-seven millions to appropriate. Under 
the law he has to cut down. That is why I say 
the governor has to make the appropriations fit the 
revenues of the State. And consequently, he had 
to cut down seventy-two millions, I think, to forty- 
si.x or forty-seven. But out of that you got one 
hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars for the 
erection of this building. And T don't propose 
to tell that second step. 

"Now, I have led a very strenuous life since I 
have been here. I started in on Thursday at- 
tending a Blair county agricultural fair; I came 
to Pittsburgh and was here all day yesterday, and 
last night I felt very much like a man on a street 
of Pittsburgh, who, when asked, 'Have you lived 
in Pittsburgh all vour life?' replied, 'Not yet.' 
[Laughter]. But I am glad to be here, and I 
am glad to be present at the laying of the cor- 
ner-stone of this great University. .\nd when 
I looked at that great educational exhibit yester- 
day, T thought and felt what that meant, not only 
for Pennsylvania, but for the republic; for the 
more you educate the boys, the better citizens 
they make. Only to start the primary system 
of e<lucation, this Commonwealth a|)propriates 
to the public school system the enormous sum 
of fifteen million dollars. And they appropriate 
a great deal more to help the cause of higher edu- 
cation. 



'I am glad to be here." 




(26l) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



ADDRESS OF VICE-PRESIDENT FAIRBANKS 

"Mr. Chancellor, Governor Stuart, Members 
of the Board of Trustees, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
It is a peculiar pleasure to me to participate 
in these ceremonies. When the invitation was 
extended first to be present and speak, I accepted, 
as I always do, an invitation to lay a corner-stone 
and to address those interested in advancing 
educational work. Circumstances then changed, 
so I recalled my acceptance ; and I have discovered 
to my amazement that the head of this great in- 
stitution is ignorant of the meaning of lan- 
guage, for he did not release me. I am glad 
he did not, for the scene we witness here is 
full of inspiration to any American citizen. It 
is perhaps nowhere else to be observed that 
an institution of learning should be established 
as this is, in such immediate vicinity to a 
great work which is not to teach science, but 
which is to teach patriotism. And if you want 
to make science an eflicient agency in the pro- 
motion of the welfare of the community, you 
want to send it into the future hand in hand 
with patriotism. 

"I am particularly glad that the Go\ernor of 
the State is here. I congratulate you upon having 
him grace this occasion. I have known him for 
many years. I have learned to esteem him as a 
friend and a fellow-citizen. I know perfectly well, 
Doctor, that your appeal made to the Governor 
here a few minutes ago will not go unanswered. 
I can promise you if it goes unanswered, I will 
withdraw everything good I ha\e said of Governor 
Stuart. And I feel perfectly confident that I will 
have to withdraw nothing. 

"This building, I understand, is to be devoted 
to one specific department of college work, that 
it is to be devoted to the subject of Alines. It is 
an illustration of the fact that it becomes necessary, 
in the great field and sweep of knowledge, to 
specialize. If men are to make themselves eflicicnt 



in this world, they have got to address their genius 
and their effort to some great object. .And tliere 



is no more important field for science than the 
field of Mines and Mining. I have thought it 
particularly appropriate that a great school, de- 
voted to the advancement of the interest of Mines, 
should be erected here, surrounded by these mul- 
tiplied and impressive monuments of industrial 
development, these monuments of peace, these 
reminiscences of victories won in the field of hu- 
man effort in times of national tranquility. The 
strength and power of Pittsburgh — and one re- 
markable thing I have found since I have come 
here, that everybody is for Pittsburgh, and I have 
discovered that Pittsburgh is for everybody — 
the splendor of this great city, one of the greatest 
in industrial development in the United States 
of America — and that means one of the greatest 
in the world — her glory is due largely to the wealth 
\vhicli has been won by science and the genius and 
effort of man from the immeasurable treasure- 
house stored, by the Omnipotent One, in the earth 
millions and millions of years ago. This imperial 
Commonwealth, one of the greatest among the 
sisterhood of States, owes much of her strength 
and her potentiality to the wealth of the Mines. 
We have as Americans often boasted of our in- 
exhaustible resources. We have felt that nature 
has been so bountiful to us that there was no limit 
to her riches. Rich in Mines, rich in Forests, 
rich in Agriculture, and rich in every department 
where natural resources are to be gathered. ,\11 
of these bounties of nature have their limit, and 
we are coming more and more to see that it is 
part of intelligent, patriotic American citizen- 
ship to learn how to conserve these mighty natural 
resources placed at our disposal for our bene- 
fit and for the blessing of future generations 
beyond us. We have denuded many of our for- 
ests, swept them from the face of the earth with 
reckless prodigality. And we have mined minerals 
below the soil with like prodigal disregard. It is 
the work of science, which is to preside in tliis 
temple erected in her honor, to show us how to 
win most with least loss from the inexhaustible 
treasures of the earth. Those whose beneficence 



(262) 




DR. WILLIAM J. HOLLAND, MAKING HIS ADDRESS AT LAVING OF CORNER-STONE, SCHOOL OF MINES, 

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 




GOVERNOR EDWIN S. STUART OF PENNSYLVANIA. MAKING HIS ADDRESS AT CORNER-STONE LAYING OF 

SCHOOL OF MINES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 



(263) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



has founded this institution have been benefactors 
in the highest and fullest degree. 

"Young man and young woman, what future 
lies before you ? No one has the gift of prophecy 
to foretell what wonders you will look upon. We 
live essentially in a scientific age. Science is the 
key which unlocks the wondrous 'mysteries of 
nature' that minister to the necessities and the 
comfort of men. The whole country is brought 
closer and closer da}- by day. Already the nations 
of the world, the peoples of the earth are brought 
into close and intimate relation. It is all due to 
the wonderful de^•elopmcnt of science. I have 
faith to believe that we have not reached the limit 
of knowledge. Knowledge is power, and each 
accession to the fund of knowledge given us only 
enlarges the field of future opportunity. We 
often hear it said that the future is being 
closed, that the door is being shut, and that for 
the young Americans of the future there will not 
be found the opportunities that their fathers 
enjoyed. Those who so reason, reason falsely. 
From the time that our ancestors landed upon 
Plymouth Rock until now the zone of knowledge 
has widened and tlic field of opportunity has il- 
limitably expanded. 

"Knowledge is power. If I had one thought 
beyond another which I would leave with you, 
it is, don't get top-heavy. If you do you are 
liable to be inverted. Learn wisdom, crown 
your mind with the priceless jewel of knowl- 
edge, have ideals, no matter how hard or how 
great, but be sure that you keep your feet upon the 
earth. Ix-arn to be helpful. Help each other. 
God Almighty has placed us here, upon this, the 
favored spot beneath the sun, to co-operate with 
one another, and work out our destiny in this 
world. You are here to study chemistry and to 
study science in the laboratories which will be con- 
structed here. Our country is a laboratory, 
the largest of which we have' knowledge. In this 
great laboratory God Almighty presides and there 
He is fashioning human character. Here meet 
and mingle the children of all races born beneath 

(264) 



all flags known to the world. I have faith to be- 
lieve that there is a divine purpose in it all, and 
that supreme purpose is to develop out of all the 
characters, all of the civilizations of the world, 
which meet and mingle here, the ideal American 
citizen, and that is the ideal citizen of the world. 

"No more appropriate place for a University 
than the one which has been selected here could 
be found, a University upon a hilltop. From it 
there shall radiate the rays of a higher and better 
civilization. I understood from the distinguished 
ex- Chancellor that we may see upon the top of the 
hill yonder, upon this campus, the earthwork 
constructed in defense of the integrity of this State 
and the republic years ago. It was an earthwork 
for preventing the enemies of our institutions 
working therein overthrow and destruction. It 
is a happy circumstance that you are constructing 
here these buildings which are to be the defense 
of the republic against the enemies, ignorance, 
and superstition. 

"I must now, my good friends, express to you 
my thanks for this opportunity, and to indulge the 
hope that this institution may prove to be a po- 
tential agency in the dissemination of scientific 
knowledge and in fitting young men and young 
women worthily to wear the robes of American 
citizenship. I thank you all." 

ADDRESS OF HON. JOHN O. SHEATZ 

"Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : Our 
STOod Governor a short time ago alluded to the 
tremendous amount of work placed upon his shoul- 
ders by the Appropriation Committee of the last 
session of the legislature. I had the honor of 
bein" chairman of that committee, and I wish to 
assure the men and women present here to-day 
that the greatest pleasure I had in making these 
appropriations was the one I made to begin this 
great educational institution. But when the bills 
left the committee they amounted to fifty-six million 
dollars, in round numbers. But .\llcgheny County, 
which has many great things, had two members in 




MAYOR GEORGE \V. GUTHRIE MAKING HIS ADDRESS AT LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE OF SCHOOL 

OF MINES, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 




CROWD OF UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH STUDENTS AT CORNER-STONE LAVING OF SCHOOL OF MINES, 

U. OF P. 



(265) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



the senate who, like all the work done in Pitts- 
burgh, started in and in the swiftest possible man- 
ner raised those appropriations to seventy-two 
millions. Both of those men are going back. 
\Vhile I do not wish to mention their names, still 
if you will watch the two members, who will be on 
the Finance Committee of the Senate, it might be 
well for the Chancellor, who was so active during 
the last session, to become well acc^uainted with 
those gentlemen. 

"Now, my friends, I will get back to a few re- 
marks I wish to make in reference to this insti- 
tution and the ceremonies which are taking place 
here to-day. The participants upon an occasion 
of this kind should carry away Avith them impres- 
sions that should lead to high ideals in human 
effort. And in the commencement of these build- 
ings, which in time will become a great Univer- 
sity, it is most fitting that the first structure to 
rise on these hills should be the building for a 
School of Mines, in which will be taught the com- 
mercial and scientific method for a greater de- 
velopment of the greatest natural resources of 
Pennsylvania, whose c()ml)ined yearly output 
nearly equals in value the great steel and agri- 
cultural product of Pennsylvania. The gentle- 
men associated with this enterprise, giving their 
best thought, time, and money so unselfishly in order 
to carry through this great j)rojcct in establishing 
a Universitv for western Pennsylvania, will leave 
deep foot-prints upon the sands of time, and their 
names will be sung in praise by the youth of com- 
ing generations. The task which confronts these 
men who have made this splendid beginning should 
be lightened by the liberality of the Commonwealth 
of Pennsylvania. 

"May wc all hope and pray that, side by side 
with the teachings of the University course, there 
may be instilled into the minds of the young men 
who will fill the halls of this institution, the duty 
they owe to the State of Pennsylvania, social and 
political, and noble ideals of personal honor. And 
if the young men in future years will keep those 
principles uppermost in their minds, Pennsylvania 

(2 



will have cause to rejoice in the possession of such 
sons. 

"I feel highly honored by being permitted to 
make some remarks here, and I sincerely hope 
that the buildings, one of which we are starting 
here to-day, will be completed much sooner than 
you anticipate at the present time." 

ADDRESS OF JOHN A. BRASHEAR 

"Wliy, this good president of ours said all I 
had to say. You give me three minutes to talk; 
I will cut it two more. I want these good people 
here, the Vice-President, the Governor, and the 
others — that good man there knows it. Chan- 
cellor Holland knows it — • that we have got another 
building over on the North Side which the citizens 
of Pittsburgh and .Allegheny gave me three hun- 
dred thousand dollars to build. And we want vou 
to come over and see it. We laid the corner-stone, 
and Dr. Holland made the speech, and it was a 
good one, too. That's the kind he makes. 

"Now, we want you all to help us in this work, 
and I know you will do it. The University must 
depend upon its boys and its girls. And boys, 
you will make it go — and I am going to use that 
old expression of mine, you will make it go or 
'bust.' I asked the Bishop what I was to do 
with the square. The Bishop says it is only em- 
blematical, it is only symbolical. But after all, 
boys, you and I want to work squarer than this 
square is. I know you will do it. This is a glo- 
rious day for us. I made arrangements with 
the clerk of the weather. And I think you ought 
to give the college yell for Pennywitt. 

■'Xow, I am to try this square, am I, Doctor? 
It is out two hundred and fifty ten millionths of 
an inch, but T guess that will do for a corner-stone. 
I>ul it will not do for us, bovs, and there vou are." 



LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE 

At the conclusion of Dr. Brashear's remarks 
he tested the stone with the s(|uare and pronounced 

66) 




FROM LEFT TO RIGHT : GEORGE H. CLAPP, CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, U. OF P.; DR. S. B. 
McCORMICK, CHANCELLOR, U. OF P.; REV. S. B. LINHART, SECRETARY, U. OF P.; DR. WM. J. HOLLAND; VICE- 
PRESIDENT C. W. FAIRBANKS; GOVERNOR EDWIN S. STUART; DR. J. A. BR.A.SHEAR; GEORGE C. PALMER, 
ARCHITECT; AND GEN. HORACE PORTER. 




A S.NAP -Sllur ul 1I(J.\. EDWIN S. STUART, GOVERNOR PICNNSVLVANIA; HON. ROBERT S. MURPHY, 
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR; AND GENERAL HORACE PORTER, AT UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH CORNER- 
[ I STONE LAYING. 

(267) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 



it true, Ur. Linhart used the towel cementing 
the stone in its place and then Chancellor Mc- 
Cormick, tapping it with the hammer, concluded 
the ceremony of the laying of the corner-stone 
with the following words: 

"For the glory of God, for the uplifting of 
humanity, for the conquest of this earth, in the 
name of true science and sound learning, I now 
declare this corner-stone well and truly laid." 

After the singing of "America" Dr. Matthew 
Brown Riddle pronounced the benediction and 
the audience was dismissed. 



LIST OF ARTICLES DEPOSITED IN CORNER-STONE 

Catalog IQ07-08 and Acts of Assembly of University, Char- 
ters etc., of Universit}'. 

Descriptive Bulletin April, 1908, containing views of 
New University. 

Two photographs of the breaking ground for Mines 
Building. 



Photograph of Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor of the 
University. 

Pennsylvania Legislative Directory. 

Introductory part of Pittsburgh Director}' for 190S, con- 
taining National, State and ^Municipal officers, members of 
Pittsburgh Councils, churches, societies, streets, etc. 

Coins. 

Reprint of lirst Director}' of Pittsburgh, 1815. 

Chamber of Commerce facts about Pittsburgh, 1907. 

Guide to Dedication of Carnegie Institute, 1907. 

Pittsburgh daily papers. 

Thirty-three picture postal cards, views of Pittsburgh. 

Instructions and regulations of a competition for selection 
of an architect for the group of buildings, 1908. 

The old driving clock of the 13-inch telescope put in 
place in the old observatory in i860. 

University flag designed by S. A. Taylor of the class of 
18S7, and a member of the Board of Trustees. 

Program of exercises of comer-stone laying. 

Program of Sesqui-Centennial. 

Photographs taken by compass, due north, south, east, 
and west from the corner-stone. 

Decree changing the name of the Western University of 
Pennsylvania to University of Pittsburgh 



(268) 




YOUNG WOMEN STUDENTS MARCHING TO LAYING OF CORNER-STONE OF UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 






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ONE HUNDRED YOUNG MEN FROM UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH REPRESENTING HIGHER EDUCATION 

(269) 




(2 70) 




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(271) 



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(274) 




U'75; 





JOHN W. BEATTY 
Director Carnegie Art Gallon- 



COL. SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH 
Secretary Carnegie Institute 








HON. JOSIAll COHEN 
Carnegie Institute Committee 



(276) 



CHARLES L. TAYLOR 
President Carnegie Hero Fund 




(277) 





CHARLES B. PRICE 

Chairman Committee on Layini; Comer-Stone of 

Soldiers' Memorial Hall 



MAJOR A. P. BURCHFIELD 
Master of Ceremonies Laying of Comer-Stone of 
Soldiers' Memorial Hall 








1. K. CAMPBELL 
Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 



(278) 



HOX. JOHX M. KENNEDY 
Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 







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(279) 




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COL. EDWARD J. ALLEN 

Representative of the Militan- Order of Loyal Legion 

Greater r'ittshurc;h Dav Scsqui-Cenlennial Parade 



COL. JAMES M. SCHOONMAKER 

Representative of the Militan- Order of Loyal Legion 
Greater Pittsburgh Dav Sesqui-Centennial Parade 





jt* 



COL. A. S. ^^ MOKC.AN 

Representative of the Militari- Order of Ixjyal Legion 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesi|ui-Cenlcnnial Parade 



MAJOR \VM. G. McCANDLESS 

Representative of the Militar)- Order of Loyal Legion 

Greater Pittsburgh Day Sesqui-Centennial Parade 



(280) 




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(281) 





COL. W. J. PATTERSON 
President Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 



COL. H. H. BENGOUGH 
Secretarj' Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 





REV. T. N. BOYLE 
Post Chaplain-in-Chief G. A. R. 



(282; 



COL. CILVRLES F. McKENNA 
Historian Soldiers' Memorial Hall Committee 




(283) 



THE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MEMORIAL HALL 

OF 

ALLEGHENY COUNTY 



SKETCH OF ITS ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION 
BY COL. CHARLES F. McKENNA 



The movement for the erection of a suitable 
memorial to the memory of the Civil War soldiers 
and sailors of the County of Allegheny originated 
in the year 1891, in discussions at the monthly 
meetings of the Allegheny County Grand Army 
Association, a body composed wholly of delegates 
of honorably discharged soldiers of the Ci\il War 
from all the twenty-eight Posts of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. 

PRELUnNARY ACTION OF THE G. A. R. 

The G. A. R. Association first took formal action 
on the subject by appointing a committee to con- 
sider the matter, and to devise the best method 
of accomplishing the desired object. It was 
supposed at first that suflicient money for the 
purpose could be obtained by public subscrip- 
tion, as many liberal and public-spirited citizens, 
embracing a number of the largest taxpayers, 
had expressed a desire to contribute to a fund for 
so patriotic a purpose. 

The committee thus ajjpointed consisted of the 
following comrades of the (3rand .\rmy of the 
Republic: Major Joseph F. Denniston, Post trj; 
Captain Samuel ^^. Duvall, Post T51; Thomas 
(}. Sample, Post 128; Captain William J. Patter- 
son, Post 157; Herbert H. Bengough, Post 157. 

The (omiuittee found that then- was a deep and 
unanimous sentiment in the community that such 
a memorial should be erected, and that it should 
take on grand proportions, and be of a character 



so imposing and impressive as to represent the 
wealth, intelligence, and patriotic sentiment of our 
great county, which, as early as the year i860, 
the immortal Lincoln had publicly styled the 
"State of Allegheny." 

In the year 1893 the National Encampment of 
the Grand Army of the Republic was held in the 
city of Pittsburgh, and the revival of patriotic 
memories and sentiments growing out of that 
important assemblage of survivors of the Civil 
War materially increased the sentiment for a 
county memorial. 

LEGISL.A.TIVE Enactment Invoked 

It was finally decided that, while certain wealthy 
citizens had expressed a willingness to contribute 
liberally, yet it was preferable to have the Me- 
morial erected at public expense, and to thus have 
tile honor and glory therefrom shared l)y all 
classes of citizens. The late Hon. C. L. Magee, 
at that time a state senator, representing a popu- 
lous district of the county, was consulted by the 
Grand .\rmv Committee, and he advised the 
committee that the ()l)ject was of such public im- 
portance that they should ask legislation in behalf 
of the measure, and for that purpose he gener- 
ously offered his services as senator to bring the 
matter licfore the General Assembly at the ap- 
proaching session. .\t the opening of the session 
of 1895 Senator Magee introduced an act author- 
izing counties to erect monuments to the memory 



(284) 




(285) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



of soldiers and sailors of the War of the Rebellion, 
which was passed and approved by the Governor 
on the 22d day of May, 1S95. 

Under the provisions of this act, the Grand 
Army Association of Allegheny County secured 
the required ])etitions and the recommendations 
of two successive Grand Juries to the Judges of 
the Court of Quarter Sessions, to authorize the 
county commissioners to act in the matter of 
erecting a soldiers' and sailors' monument at the 
county seat. 

The late comrafle John H. Stevenson, of the 
One Hundredth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers, as attorney representing the Grand Army 
Association and the petitioning taxpayers, on 
moving for the final approval of the proceedings 
by the court, encountered serious objection on 
the part of the court to approving the recommen- 
dations of tlu- two successive Grand Juries. 

Memorial Hall Suggested 



awakened renewed interest in the subject through- 
out the county. The Grand Army Posts, the 
Union Veteran Legion, the ^lilitary Order of the 
Uoyal Legion, and auxiliary organizations be- 
came enthusiastic on the subject and promptly 
took action on the court's suggestion, accepting 
the performance of the labor of love involved as 
a sacred duty due tlicir fallen comrades. Through 
weekly assemblies, and also at campfires, regi- 
mental reunions, and other patriotic meetings 
throughout the county, a continuous campaign 
for the measure was maintained. The effect 
was to concentrate public opinion in favor of a 
Memorial Plall. This was publicly indorsed by 
the entire daily press, and alscj at conventions of 
all political parties, and by the Chamber of Com- 
merce of Pittsburgh, representing the entire busi- 
ness interests of the county. The labor unions 
and atliliated organizations of the countv also 
adopted resolutions in support of tlie triljutc to 
the patriotic object. 



Organization Meeting 



Hon. Thomas Ewing and Hon. j. W. F. White, 
presiding judges at said term of court, expressed 

their approval of the patriotic sentiment of the Early in the year of 1903 a public meeting of 

petitioners and of the grand juries, but held that the soldiers of Allegheny County, and citizens 

the action of that body was fatally defccti\-e in generally, was called by the committee of the 

not limiting the amount to be expenck'd Ijv the Grand Army Association of the County to meet 

county commissioners in the erection of the monu- in the identical court-room where the judges had 

ment. The judges furtlier declared that it was wisely joined in recommending the erection of 

beyond the authority of the court to cure this the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall instead 

omission. The judges also stated that if the act of a mere monumental shaft. The meeting was 

of assembly, approved the 22(1 day of May, 1895, largely attended. It organized by tlie election 

was amended so as to authorize the erection of a of Major Albert P. Burchfield as Chairman. 

Soldiers' Memorial Hall, instead of a mere Li a brief address he explained the object of 

monument or shaft, the court would give ollicial the meeting. William M. Cramp was chosen 

sanction to a proper appropriation for that pur- secretary. 

pose. A Memorial Hall, they added, would be The meeting then formally resolved itself into an 

more in keeping with the dignity and the great- organization to be known as "The Soldiers' and 

ness of the county which the memorial was in- Sailors' Memorial Hall Committee," for the pur- 



tended to represent. Judge Christopher Magee, 
of the same court, also filed a strong opinion, 
heartily endorsing the project. 

This judicial announcement encouratred and 



pose of securing the remedial legislation required 
to authorize the county to erect a Soldiers' and 
Sailors" Memorial Hall instead of a monument, 
as limited l)v the existinir acts of .\sscmblv. 



(286) 




(287) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



The election of officers of the organization took 
place, with the following unanimous results: 
Captain Samuel M. Duvall, President; Thomas 
G. Sample, Mce-President ; William M. Cramp, 
Secretary; and Charles F. McKenna, Solicitor. 

Committee of Crmui Aniiy Association. — S. M. 
Duvall, IT. IT. Bengough, S. W. May, \\'illiam 
AI. Cramp, J. \V. Boyd, and Fred Beuchler. 

Committee of Union Wicnin Legion. — Charles 

F. AIcKenna, John Stulcn, Charles Davis, Frank 
L. Blair, J. M. Ray, and Thomas J. Hamilton. 

Committee of Loyal Legion. — Colonel James M. 
Schoonmaker, Colonel F. J. .\llen, and William 
McConway. 

Executive Committee. — S. M. l)u\all, T'homas 

G. Sample, S. W. Hill, Charles F. McKenna, and 
Frank L. Blair. 

It was \x)ted to hold the regular meetings at the 
Court House on the last Saturday of each month. 
The F.xecutive Committee decided to meet weekly. 

Remedial Legislation 

A Remerlial .\ct, prepared hv the committee, 
was introduced by Senator William .\. Magee, 
in the State Senate, early in Januarv, igo:;, and 
was promptly referred to the proper committee, 
Comrade Charles F. McKenna, Solicitor, repre- 
senting, with Thomas G. Sample, the Memorial 
Hall Committee, appeared before the Senate Com- 
mittee in advocacy of the measure, and, after its 
passage through both liouses, they also appeared 
before Governor S. W. IVnnypacker, who, at the 
end of the ])ublic hearing, a]i|)roved the act on 
April g, 1003. 

Pursuant to the provisions of the above amended 
Act the Grand Juries of the March and June terms, 
1903, took prompt action and heard the new peti- 
tions of veterans and taxpayers and their witnesses, 
as required by law. Favorable recommendations 
were unanimously adopted and hnally approved 
by Hon. James R. Macfarlane, presiding judge. 

The rei)ort and recommendations of ihc Grand 
Juries cover so completely all details that its 



introduction here, omitting onlv mere formal 
portions, is deemed instructive and interesting, 
and also as being of more than ordinary historical 
importance. 

Report of Grand Jury, June Term, 1904 

To the LlonorahJc the Judges of the Court of 

Quarter Sessions of Allegheny County. 

The question of the erection of a suitable Me- 
morial Hall or buildings at the county seat, to the 
memory of the soldiers and sailors of Allegheny 
County in the War of the Rebellion, pursuant to 
provisions of the existing act of assembly approved 
May 22, 1895, '^'""^1 of act amendatory of the same 
approved April 3, 1903, having been presented 
to the Court of Quarter Sessions of .Allegheny 
County on petition of fifty or more taxpayers of 
the county, composed wholly of surviving soldiers 
of said War of the Rebellion, praying for reference 
by the court of said petitions to the present and 
succeeding Grand Jury for action thereon, under 
said Acts of Assembly, the Grand Jur\- hereby 
begs leave to respectfully make the following 
report and recommendations concerning the sub- 
ject matter of said petitions so referred: 

That pursuant to notice of the time and place 
appointed for the public hearing of said petition, 
and of all parties interested therein, the Grand 
Jury of June term, 1904, on the eighteenth day 
of July, 1904, at 10 A. M., convened in public 
session at the Grand Jury room, Allegheny County 
Court House, and heard the said petitioning tax- 
payers and their accredited representatives. Com- 
mittees of the Grand Army of Republic .Associa- 
tion of the County of Allegheny, and of the Union 
\'eteran Legion Encampments aforesaid, and all 
parties interested in said proceeding were invited 
to be heard, as well those opposing as those favor- 
ing said petition. 

\W further report that certain preliminary plans 
and drawings for a suitable Memorial Hall, which 
were prepared for use of said petitioners by the 
late Thomas D. Evans, architect, were formallv 



(288) 




VETERANS' GUARD OF HONOR AT LAVING OF CORNER-STONE, MEMORIAL HALL 




G. A. R. VKIKR.WS MAkCllING I () LAM\(; CORNER-STONK OF MFMORIAI. IIM.F, FRI DAY, ( )CT( )BER i, 1908 

(289) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



presented, and were oflfered in evidence generally erection of a suitable Memorial Hall, as voiced 
for the information of the Grand Jury on the by the entire press of the county, and by all politi- 
subject; also that testimony was taken as to the cal parties by resolutions formally adopted in 
estimated costs of a proposed suitable Memorial conventions assembled, and by the action of the 
Hull or buildings; and also as to the probable Chamber of Commerce of the City of Pittsburgh, 
quantity of ground required for the site of the and many of the largest taxpayers of the county, 
same. as submitted to the Grand Jury, shows that no 

discordant note has been raised against the erec- 
tion of the proposed Memorial Hall, wliich, as 
shown by the testimony, has been already recom- 
mended by three successive Grand Juries of the 



RECOMMENDATION OF JURY 

The Grand Jury, therefore, upon due consid- 



eration of said petitions and of the preliminary county. 

plans and designs for a Memorial Hall offered in 3. The Grand Jur}- further respectfully recom- 

evidence,and of the testimony submitted in sup- mend that provisions be made in erection of said 

port thereof, hereby respectfully report and make Memorial Hall for at least two spacious rooms, 

the following recommendations to your honorable suitable for meetings of the G. A. R. Posts and 

court : of the Unions ^'eteran Legion Encampments, and 

I. That as it affirmalively appears that the auxiliary rooms, also a small auditorium, and 

assessed valuation for taxable purpose of the that a large and spacious ground lloor Hall of 

County of Allegheny for the current year, 1904, Statuary and Tablets, to be the principal and 

is seven hundred and fifty million dollars, that memorial feature of the Memorial Building, which 

the same is rapidly increasing, and the Grand the Grand Jury recommends shall ever be the 

Jury therefore liereb}' respectfully report and leading and predominant character of the entire 

recommend the erection of a suitable INIemorial building. 

Hall at the county seat by the County of Allegheny, 4. The Grand Jury further respectfully rccom- 

as provided for by said acts, and further respect- mend as also a requisite feature of said Memorial 

fully submit that the slight millage to be assessed Hall that there shall be placed in said Statuary 

on said ineininned Nuluatioii would occasion no Hall, as part of its erection, tablets containing the 



perceptible burden to the taxpayers of the county. 
In view of the sacred object to commemorate the 
deeds of valor and patriotic sacrifices of twenty- 
five thousand soldiers and sailors of the war for the 
preser\ation of the Union furnished by Allegheny 
County, and of the wonderful j)rosperity vouch- 



roster in bas relief bronze of every soldier and sailor 
who enlisted or who served in regiments or bat- 
teries or military or naval organizations recruited 
or credited to Allegheny County in the War of the 
Rebellion, and also that said Hall sliall contain 
on said tal)lcts the official list of cnc;a<;rements of 



safed this great county in the }-ears following the said regiments, batteries or other military or naval 



war, the Grand Jury feel confident that no com- 
plaint or objection will Ije mack' to the recom- 
mendation of the jurv anfl its linal a])proval by 
the Court for the amoimt recommended for said 
purpose, the said sum so fixed being commen- 
surate with the wealth and dignity of llie rount\-. 
2. The (irand Jury further report that the 



organizations of the War of the Rebellion. 

We further recommend that in ]>roviding l"or 
the erection of said Memorial Hall the ccjmmis- 
sioners be authorized and re(|uircd to erect in 
said Statuary Hall of said Memorial buildings, 
and as part of it, life-size statues of the following 
regimental commanders and soldier^ of .Mleghcny 
Countv who fell in Ijattle, as was recommended 



patriotic sentiment prompting the approjjriate 

marking of the epoch of the Civil War by the by two preceding Grand Juries: 

(290) 




CDuru-sv of Chronicle-Telegraph 

l-RCm LEFT TO RIC.HT: THOMAS C. JEXKIXS, BISHOP CAXFAIX, MISS MARTHA WASHIXOTOX, MRS. 
FAIRBAXKS, VICE-PRESIDFXT FAIRBAXKS, MAYOR GUTHRIE, GcnERXOR STUART, LIEUTEXAXT-CJOVERXOR 
MURPHY AXD GEXERAL HORACE PORTER AT MEMORIAL HALL CORNER-STOXE LAYIXG. 




CuurlL>y of G.iZfltL- Times 
VETERANS MARCHING TO CORNER-STONE LAVTNG OF SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL HALL 



(291) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 



General Alexander Hays, Sixty-third Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers, killed at battle of Wilderness. 

Colonel Samuel W. Black, Sixty-second Regiment 
Pennsylvania Volunteers, killed at Gaines' Mills. 

General C. F. Jackson, Xinth Pennsylvania 
Reserves, killed at Fredericksburg. 

Colonel Oliver H. Rippey, Sixty-first Regiment 
Pennsylvania \'olunteers, killed at Seven Pines. 

Colonel John W. Patterson, One Hundred and 
Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, killed 
at Wilderness. 

Colonel William FI. Moody, One Hundred and 
Thirty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
killed at Cold Harbor. 

Colonel James H. Childs, Fourth Pennsylvania 
Cavalry, killed at Antietam. 

Major Frank B. Ward, Fifteenth Pennsylvania 
Cavalry, killed at Stone River. 

Captain Robert B. Hampton, Hampton's Bat- 
tery, killed at battle of Chancellorsville. 

Private William Montgomery, One Hundred 
and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
who was the last soldier killed prior to the sur- 
render of General Lee at Appomattox, April 9, 
1865. 

Finally, the Grand Jury deem it but simple 
justice to the patriotic survivors of the Civil War, 
who have' Ijy ])atriotic agitation secured the legis- 
lation required for the erection of the proposed 
Memorial Hall, and who have aroused the public 
sentiment unanimously favoring the same, that 
the Commissioners of the County should fittingly 
recognize their services and public si)irit in this 
matter of said Memorial Hall by formally adopt- 
ing resolutions at the next meeting of the Board of 
County Commissioners en.suing the final approval 
of the report, creating the committees annually 
appointed by the Grand Army Association of 
Allegheny County and by the Union \'eteran 
Legion Encampment as an advisory committee 
in the choice of site for said Memorial Hall and 
in the selection of designs and plans for said Me- 
morial Hall, both of which recommendations were 
also pr()])erly embraced in the two former i)re- 

(2 



sentments to the Grand Juries recommending 
erection of the Memorial Hall pursuant to the 
existing Act of Assembly providing for the same. 
Signed A. J. Pexrod, 

Foreman Grand Jury. 
Attest: 

George McC.\ndless, 

Clerk to Grand Jury. 
A. J. Edwards, 

Assistant District Attorney. 
(Signed by all the Grand Jurors.) 

Comrade Thomas D. Evans, the architect of 
the Memorial Committee, on appearing before the 
Grand Jury at the hearing, generously presented 
and explained to that body a preliminary sketch 
and plan of a proposed Memorial Hall. A few 
hours later, in the court house, he was stricken 
with apoplexy, and died June 20, 1903, univer- 
sally lamented by his comrades and the public 
generally. 

Annoying Controversy 

The late Carson Mercer and James .\. Clark, 
at that period composing the majority of the Board 
County Commissioners, took issue with the Grand 
Jury and the Committee on the Memorial Hall on 
the question of selecting an architect to succeed 
the late Comrade Evans. The Commissioners 
named insisted that under the law it was the sole 
prerogative of the County Commissioners to select 
the architect, and that consequently they had 
already chosen ]\lr. F. J. Osterling to prepare the 
plans. 

The Commissioners named also declined to 
recognize the public demand through the press, 
and the appeals of the committee of veterans, and 
of numerous other petitioning ta.xpayers, for com- 
petitive plans for the Memorial Hall from archi- 
tects of national reputation, as recommended by 
the Grand Juries, and approved by the court. 
These demands were in conformity with the pre- 
cedent established in the erection of the present 
county court house and all other pul^lic buildings. 

92) 




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(293) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



It is clue the memory of the late James Evans, the 
third meml^er of the Board, to state that he stead- 
fastly dissented from the action of his colleagues 
in this matter. The delays caused by this stand 
taken by the majority of the Commissioners were 
at the time annoying to the veterans of the county, 
wlio, naturally by reason of their advanced age, 
were anxious to see the work commenced in their 
lifetime. 

In the end, however, the delays pro\-ed most 
fortunate to the ultimate success of the Memorial 
Committee's labors, by the enactment of a law to 
compel public competitions by architects. The 
Memorial Hall Committee, to thwart the unex- 
pected position taken by the majority of the 
County Commissioners, petitioned Judge Mac- 
farlane to recall his final approval of the recom- 
mendations of the Grand Juries, and his order to 
the Commissioners to proceed in the matter, the 
petition alleging as cause the refusal of the latter 
to invite competition for designs from a number 
of architects. 

The Court granted the prayer of the JNIemorial 
Committee, and thus the proceedings were sus- 
pended until further remedial legislation could 
be enacted to overcome the proposed action of 
the majority of the Board of County Com- 
missioners in the selection of an architect. 

FUKTHER LeGISL.ATIOX SeCURED 

A meeting of the Memorial Hall Committee 
was convened, and it was resolved to apply for 
additional legislation requiring County Commis- 
sioners to advertise for competitive plans from a 
number of architects for the proposed Memorial 
Hall, and also to provide for sul^mitting to a vote 
of the people of the count}- the whole question as 
to whether they desired to vote the money for the 
erection of a Memorial Hall. 

This action necessarily involved a long and 
trying wait until January, 1905, before the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Pennsylvania would convene. 
By that date the following bill co\ering every 



detail was prepared, presented, and was finally 
passed by both branches of the legislature, and 
became a law by the approval of Governor 
Pennypacker, April 12, 1Q05. 

This new act under which the Soldiers' ]Me- 
morial Hall was to be erected, was prepared by 
Comrades William A. Stone and .\ndrew S. 
Miller, under the direction of the ^Memorial Hall 
Committee. Comrades S. W. Hill and C. O. 
Smith were appointed a subcommittee, and visited 
Harrisburg in the interest of the measure, making 
such changes in the original draft as seemed to be 
necessary, after conferences with the lawmakers, 
and then had it presented to both branches of the 
Legislature for enactment. 

Governor Pennypacker, having erroneously 
conceived the idea that the measure lacked the 
full approval of the veterans, was about to veto the 
bill for want of proper information as to its merits, 
when Comrades H. H. Bengough and Frank L. 
Blair, of the jMemorial Committee, visited the 
Governor on behalf of the committee, and after 
fully explaining the public sentiment and pa- 
triotic demand for the measure the Governor 
finally approved the act. It is so comprehensive 
in every detail that the title to the act herewith 
published is really an index to the contents, viz.: 

" An Act 

'Troviding for the erection and maintenance of 
a Memorial Hall at the county seat of Allchgeny 
County, in honor of the soldiers and sailors and 
marines from that county, who served in the 
army and navy of the United States in the war 
for the suppression of the rebellion; authorizing 
and directing the commissioners of said Allegheny 
County to erect and maintain said Memorial 
Hall, upon petition of fifty citizens, approved by 
two successive Grand Juries, the Court of Quar- 
ter Sessions, and a majority vote of the qualified 
voters of said county, at a general election; desig- 
nating a committee to determine what relics, 
records, etc.. shall be i)laced in said Memorial 



(294) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Hall, and providing for a flagstaff and displaj- of 
the flag of the United States." 

Objects of the INIemorial 

The objects of the Memorial Hall and its ad- 
ministration are so fully defined in Section Sixth 
of the act that for general information it is deemed 
worthy of publication: 

"Section 6. Said ^Memorial Hall shall be in 
honor of the soldiers, sailors and marines from 
Allegheny County, who served in the army and 
navy of the United States in the war for the sup- 
pression of the rebellion,. It shall contain one 
large Assembly Hall, or auditorium, for public 
meetings of the soldiers, sailors and marines of 
Alleghenv County; but which may be used for 
other public meetings. It shall also contain rooms 
for meetings of Posts of the Grand Army of the 
Republic, Encampments of the Union ^"eteran 
Legion, Commanderies of the Loyal Legion, and 
kindred patriotic organizations. It shall also 
contain rooms and places for the proper display 
and preservation of relics and trophies of the War 
for the Suppression of the Rebellion; flags, his- 
tories, rosters and records of the Grand Army 
Posts, Encampments of the L^nion \'eteran Legion. 
Commanderies of the Loyal Legion; regimental 
and company histories, photographs, paintings 
and portraits, busts and statues of soldiers, sailors 
and marines of Allegheny County; and mural 
tablets, upon which shall be inscribed the names 
of soldiers, sailors and marines of Allegheny 
County, who served in the War for the Suppression 
of the Rebellion. .\ committee of ten, with power 
to fill vacancies, shall be selected by the survivors 
of the War for the Suppression of the Rebellion, 
residing in Allegheny County; said committee 
shall determine and designate what relics, trophies, 
flags, statues, busts, histories, rosters, records, 
et cetera, shall be placed in said rooms. The 
President Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, 
numbers two and three, and the County Commis- 
sioners of the said county, shall be ex-oflicio 
members of said committee." 



The election directed by the act of 1905 to be 
held took place on December 7, 1905, and the vote 
on the Memorial Hall is ofticiallv certified as 
follows: 

\'0TE ox Soldiers' ]Me.morl\l H.a.ll 

A\'e, the undersigned Judges of the several courts 
of Common Pleas, of Allegheny County, State of 
Pennsylvania, do hereb}- certify that at 12 o'clock 
on the gth day of November, A. D., 1905, being 
the second day after the election held on the first 
Tuesday of November, A. D., 1905, the Pro- 
thonotary of said county ha\ing presented the 
returns of said election according to law, we opened 
the .same and caused them to compute in our 
presence by an oflicer of said court, and by assist- 
ants appointed by us, who were duly sworn, and 
the vote cast at said election having been carefully 
added together bv said assistants, it appears that 
for 



Memorial Hall 



"Yes" had 



47,902 votes. 

"No" had 5,487 votes. 

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set 
our hands and caused the seal of courts to be 
affixed, this 22d day of November, A. D., 1905. 

F. H. Collier, ) 

John yi. Kennedy - Judges. 

John D. Sh-vfer, 1 

\fter the announcement of the vote l)y the 
court, the County Commissioners were advised 
that l)efore such a large sum of money should l)e 
expended the various Acts of .■\ssembly, providing 
for the erection of a Memorial Hall, should be 
and passed upon by the Supreme 



legally tested 

Court of Pennsvlvania. 



Constitutionality of Law .\FFIR^rED 

In October, igo6, George D. Voho and Henry 
Wcrries, taxpayers, filed their l)ill against the 



(295) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



countv and the Cuuntv Commissioners to restrain soldiers of Allegheny County, the following named 
them from proceeding to carry out provisions of comrades were elected members of the Committee 
said acts for the erection of a Memorial Mall, alleg- of Ten of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall 
ing said Acts were unconstitutional and void. Committee, under the provisions of the act ap- 

The Commissioners filed a demurrer, and the proved April 12, 1905, viz. : 
case was heard by Hon. J. D. Shafer. In an .\lbert P. Rurchfield, Herbert II. Bengough, 
opinion filed, the court sustained the demurrer Joseph W. Boyd, Samuel W. Hill, John Stulen, 
and dismissed the bill. At the October term. Rev. Thomas X. Boyle, 1). I)., Frank L. Blair, 
1907, State Su])reme Court, the apjieal was ar- Charles Davis, ^^'illiam J. Patterson, and Charles 
gued bv Messrs. W. A. Stone and A. !!. I lav. (). Smith. 

solicitors representing the county. On the first The Committee of Ten organized February 24, 
Monday of January, 1908, the decision of Judge igo6, by electing .\. P. Burchfield, President: 
Shafer was afiirmed by the Supreme Court of ^^'. J . Patterson, \'ice-President; 11. 11. Hen- 
Pennsvlvania. \Mth this ended the lal)ors and gough. Secretary, and F. L. Blair, Treasurer, 
existence of the original Memorial Hall ("omniitlce March 27, Kjof), a meeting of the Committee of 
organization. Fifteen, provided for by the act of April 12, 1905, 

was held and organized by electing A. P. Burch- 
field, President; Hon. John M. Kennedy, First 
Mcc- President ; W. J. Patterson, Second \'ice- 
Prcsident; F. L. Blair, Treasurer, and II. H. 
BengouE^h, Sccrclarw 



Death of .\ctivk Co.mr.\des 

During the existence of the first Memorial 
Hall Committee its ranks were invaded by death. 
and a number of its most eflicient workers in the 
cause were destined to die before witnessing the 
completion of the glorious monument, namely, 
Comrades^ Denniston, Duvall, and Burchfield, 
who were^each in turn chairman of the original 
Memorial Flail Committee, while Comrades John 
H. Stevenson, S. W. Hay, Thomas D. Fvans, 
Charles Davis, and Joiiii Stulen. all active' work- 
ers, passed away during the ])rogress of the work 
on the Memorial structure. 

That these comrades, all so deepl\- interestetl 
in the success of the County Memorial, did not 
live to witness the fruition of tlu'ir earnest hopes, 
will ever be a cause of profound regret to their 
surviving comrades and numerous friends. 



Organization of Committee Provided 

FOR liv Act 

January 20, igo6, at a public meeting of sur- 
vivors of the Civil War. held in the court house, 
Pittsburgh, pursuant to a published notice to Xovember 9, T907. to be received until November 

(296) 



Action' of Com.missioners 

Charles B. Price, Irvin K. Campbell and James 
.\. Clark, the newly elected County Commissioners, 
took prompt action and invited the preparation 
of competitive designs for the Memorial Hall from 
ten (jf the most reputable architects and firms in 
Pittsburgh, Xew York. Chicago and Boston, who 
had signified a willingness to compete, one 
thousand dollars (Si, 000) to be paid for each of 
the ten designs, to be received up to January 19, 
1907, by Professor Warren P. I.aird, College Hall, 
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., 
advisory and consulting architect for the .\lle- 
ghcnv County Commissioners. 

Out of the ten competitive plans furnished, the 
prize was awarded the design of Messrs. Palmer 
and Hornbostel, architects, of Xew York, Feb- 
ruary IS, 1907. 

Tile Countv Commissioners advertised for pro- 
posals for construction of the Memorial Hall, 



PIT TSBURGH'S SESQU I- CENTENNIAL 



25, 1907, and on the latter date the contract was 
awarded to P. W. Finn, of Altoona. Pa. 



The Resources and Rixord of the County 

The remarkable increase of population and 
dcvclopincnt of resources of the County of Alle- 
gheny since the martyred Lincoln in 1861 called 
it the "State of Allegheny," is worthy of mention. 
At that period the total population of the countv 
was 178.8^^ : hy the census of 1500 it had attained 
a population of 775,058. During the decade 
terminating with the present year, 1910, it has 
continued to rapidly increase until it has now 
reached considerably over the million mark, 
showing an increase of over forty per cent in that 
decade. 

Its continuous increase in taxable valuation 
has been no less remarkable. The otlicial ta.xable 
valuation of the county for the year 19 10 com- 
piled from assessors' returns has been fixed at 
one billion and ninetv million dollars. 



Roll of Honor 

There will be placed on the mural tablets of the 
Memorial Hall the names of all soldiers and sail- 
ors who enlisted in the war of 1861-1865 from the 
county of Allegheny. Xo less than twenty-five 
thousand names will appear on this roll of honor. 

Among Civil War oflicers of highest rank and 
national reputation who were mustered into tlie 
United States sen-ice in the countv of .Mleghenv, 



and who survive at this writing, are Lieutenant- 
Generals S. B. M. Young and Adna R. Chaffee, 
U. S. Army, and Rear Admiral George C. Reiter, 
U. S. Xavv, all on retired list. Generals Young 
and Chaffee each rose from the ranks of private 
soldiers to that of Lieutenant-General Command- 
ing U. S. Army. 

General St. Clair .Mulholland. President of the 
Gettysburg Battlefield .Memorial Commission, in 
a recent public address, declared that from the 
muster rolls of Pennsylvania soldiers present in 
the great battle of Gettysburg, compiled for 
placing on tablets on the state monument, Alle- 
gheny County representatives exceeded that of any 
other county. 

The oflicial records show that in case of war 
with any foreign nation Allegheny Countv is 
to-day in a position to furnish the government 
with 158,02:^ men, between the ages of twentv- 
one and forty-five, who are subject to military 
duty. These figures are required to be ofticially 
compiled and certified to the Adjutant-General of 
Pennsylvania, who in turn is required by law to 
forward them to the Secretary of War of the 
United States. 

Well might a county possessed of so great re- 
sources and blessed with the enjoyment of such 
unexampled prosperity since the close of the great 
Civil War, pay the splendid tribute to her soldiers 
in the war of 1861-1865, by the erection and main- 
tenance of the Soldiers' and Sailors' ^remorial 
Hall, an edifice displaying a triumph alike of 
patriotic sentiment and of imposing architectural 
beautv. 



C297) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



THE SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL HALL 



EXTERIOR 

The building is of sandstone and occupies the 
entire tract of one acre and a half on Schenlcy 
farm plan. It has a Southern frontage on Fifth 
Avenue and a frontage on Grant Boulevard on 
till I'ast. An additional tract of same size and 
ha\ing same frontage on Fiftli Avenue and Grant 
F.oulevard was acciuired by the County subse- 
quent to the laying of the corner-stone, to serve 
as an appropriate setting for llu' I'"iflh Avenue 
approaches and driveways and landscape effects 
essential to the imposing architecture of the 
Memorial edifice. 

Abundant space is also afforded by the posses- 
sion of this additional tract for ec|uestrian or 
other statues of distinguished soldiers of the 
County who fell in battle. Application for proper 
space for this object has already been made to 
the Memorial Hall Committee by the Si.xty-third 
Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers Association, 
for the erection of a heroic equestrian statue in 
bronze of Brigadier- General Alexander Hays, who 
as Colonel organized the Regiment in Allegheny 
County and who won great distinction in the bat- 
tles of the .Army of the Potomac, and attained the 
rank of Brigadier-General, falling in action at the 
head of a division of Hancock's Corps at the battle 
of Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 

The Monument proposed by the Association 
for the Memorial Hall Park, Fifth Avenue frontage, 
it is stipulated will cost not less than $25,000.00, 
being of dimensions and design similar to the 
well known equestrian statue of General Hancock 
in the park off Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington 
City. Xo doubt application for sites for similar 
monuments on the Fifth Avenue frontage of 
Memorial Hull will be received from other Regi- 
mental Associations or from families of Allegheny 
Countv Soldiers killcfl in battle. 



INTERIOR 

I-"lRST FLOOR AUDITORIUAI, 122 feet in width 
an<l 1 20 feet in depth. Fleight to the glass 
ceiling, 65 feet. 

Stage length, 84 feet, depth, 22 feet. 

Entrance to seats — all sides of room. 
Two ADDiTiON.VL entrances on stage and platform 

AuDIXORIUil seats in five BLOCKS, with total 
of over 1700 theatre chairs on main floor and 850 
on the gallery level — additional chairs 300 

CAN be placed on THE STAGE. 

Auditorium main floor is sloped to the 
stage. Stage and all aisles have cork flooring. 

Direct light — by 25 large windows placed 
on four sides of building. 

Tllimination — by Cooper-Hewitt Mercury 
\'apor Light, Moore Nitrogen \'apor tubes. 
Incandescent lamps and Flaming Arcs placed 
the above the ceiling of the hall and reflected down 
on surface of ceiling. Incandescent lamps on 
first lloor. 

On Southwest corner of building is a Grand 
Army Post Room furnished for meetings of the 
G. A. R. and County Societies. This room is 
28 feet wide by 54 feet long. 

Direct light in all rooms. 

Illumination side and center lights in bronze 
fixtures. 

This Room is planned for display of portraits. 

Second Room same size and is wainscoted to 
ceiling in oak. 

Direct light. Illu.mination same as G. A. 
R. Room, first lloor. 

Corridors — I'^irst floor on three sides of build- 
ing, are 14 feet wide and total length 470 feet with 
28 niches on inner line for statues of Allegheny 
County Soldiers Recommended by Grand Juries. 
The outer line is for Tablets giving Rosters, 
names for all allegheny county enlist- 



(298) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



MENTS, etc. Corridors ox front of Lobby 
give entrance to two elevators first noor to third 
floor. Two main stairways, first to third and 
entrance to large room. Ofiicc of the Superin- 
tendent of the Building ami to public 'phone 
rooms, two ticket olTices, stairs down to ])ublic 
toilets and basement. The side and rear corridors 
have entrance from side and direct entrance to 
G. A. R. Room and Society Rooms. 

The Lobby and Corridors have direct light, 
marble floors and ornamental plaster and stucco 
work. 

Second I'Yoor Gallery is on three sides 
of room ICO and contains 850 theatre seats — 
access by two front elevators, front and rear 
stairs. 

Direct light same as first floor and same, 

ILLUillN.ATION. 

Spacious Terrace Roof at Gallery kwl 
on all sides of building allows promenade — access 
by doorways off galleries sides and rear. 

On Terrace Roof is base for colossal statue 
in bronze of female seated in Chair Symbolic 
of "Peace." It will face front of building 
towards Fifth Avenue. 

Third Floor. Banquet Hall level. Ban- 
quet Hall 73 feet wide by 73 feet deep, height 
story to glass ceiling 31 feet 6 inches. 

Cloak rooms, retiring rooms, etc. 

Direct light, 28 windows gallery level. 

Illumination — by lights 59-8 lamps each, over 
ceiling sash. Incandescent lamps — reflected 



third, amber glass. On gallery 32 clusters, 5 
lights each. 

Stage on South wau. 8 feet wide by 36 
feet long. 

Gallery 13 feet wide on all four sides of 
room for visitors, etc. 

Connected with Room by accordion doors. 
Have also small Banquet Hall 20 feet wide by 
73 feet long, height of story, direct liglit from 
North, illumination b\- theatre clusters. 

On South or Fifth Avenue Frontage 
Corridor, 73 feet long by 16 feet wide to be used 
as lobby for bancjuet halls, etc. Direct light and 
illumination side lights in bronze. 

Corridors connected at elevator and stairs 
leading to first floor. 

Fr\'E LARGE spacious ROOMS on West side. 
Xatalie Street. 

Trophy Roo.m .vnd Trophy Room \'ailt. 
Kitchen and Serving Room for Banquets. 

A Freight elevator discharges in this room 
connecting with the rear basement entrance for 
use in handling supplies, etc. 

Stairways at the rear end and stairs lead- 
ing to first floor. Skrvice stairway or fire 

ESCAPE. 

On Grant Boulevard side or East, three 

ROOMS. 

Women's Check Room. 

Library, cases on all walls for books and 
direct light. 

-Vlso four rooms for Meetings, Readings, etc. 



(299) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



LAYING OF CORNER-STONE, ME- 
MORIAL HALL, OCTOBER 

2, 1908 



By S. \V. HILL 




COLONEL S. \V. HILL 
Soldiers' Memorial Hall Sesqui-Centennial Coiiimiitee 



The Memorial Hall foundation bcin"; readv 
for the formal services of laying the corner-stone 
at the time contemplated by the citizens of 
I'ittsburi^'h for the celebration of the one hundred 
and tlftielh anniversary of the capture of Fort Du- 



I'hc Cojumittee of Arrangements. — Major A. P. 
BurchJ'ield, Chairman Memorial Hall Committee; 
Rev. Thomas X. Boyle, D. D.. Frank F. Blair, 
Joseph E. Boyd, Colonel L. L". Brown, ^lemorial 
Hall Committee; L K. Campbell, County Com- 
missioner; James A. Clark, County Commissioner; 
Hon. Robert S. Frazer, President Judge Common 
Pleas No. 2; Colonel S. W. Hill, "Memorial Hall 
Committee; Hon. John '\l. Kennedy, President 
Judge Common Pleas No. 3; Charles B. Price, 
County Commissioner; William J. Patterson, 
John Stulen, Charles O. Smith, Memorial Hall 
Committee; H. H. Bengough, Secretary, ]Me- 
morial Hall Committee. 

The Committee met July 15, 1908, to arrange 
for ceremonies of corner-stone laying, andorganized 
by the election of Charles B. Price, Chairman; 
S. W. Hill, Secretary, and appointing the follow- 
ing subcommittees: 

Programme — W. J. Patterson, Charles O. 
Smith, Irvin K. Campbell. 

Parade — S. W. Hill, F. L. Blair, FL FF Ben- 
gough. 

Invitations — Charles B. Price, Irvin K. 
Campbell, James A. Clark, A. P. Burchlield. 

Contents of the Corner-Stone — Charles B. 
Price, Irvin K. Campbell, James A. Clark, F. L. 
Blair. 

At a meeting held August 7, 1908, James E. 
Porter, Past Department Commander of the 
Grand Army, was designated as Chief Marshal 



cjuesne by the British and Colonial forces under of the parade, to form on ]\Ieyran Avenue at 9 
General Forbes, in .\. D., 1758, it was resolved a. m., October 2, 1908, and move at 9:30 a. m., via 
by the general committee organized to prepare for Forbes Street to Memorial Hall. 



the three days celebration of said Sesqui-Centen- 
nial by the citizens of Allegheny County, that the 
laying of the corner-stone of the Soldiers" and 
Sailors' Memorial Hall, with attendant ceremonies, 
should be one of the features of the second day, 
October 2, 1908, and rcc|uested the Memorial 
Hall Committee of Fifteen to make proper ar- 
rangements and to prepare a suitable jjrogram, 
which was done under the direction of the fol- 
lowing organizations: 



An auxiliary committee was appointed to con- 
sist of the Post Commander of each Post of the 
Grand Army of the Republic in the County and 
the Colonel commanding Encampment Xo. i, 
Union A'eteran Legion, with John T. Porter, 
Po.st 155, as Chairman. 

October 2, 1908, at 9 o'clock .\. y\., the parade 
was formed on Meyran Avenue and mo\cd at 
9:30 A. M. via Forbes Street and Grant Boulevard 
to the Memorial TIall in the following order: 



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PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Escort 
Detachment of Cadets West Point Militan,' Academy. 
Chief Marshal — James E. Porter 

Chief of Staff — B. J. Coll 

Adjut.\xt General — S. W. Hill 

Aides — Charles F. McKenna, Oliver McClintock, Charles 

A. Walter, John H. Kerr. 

Fourth Regiment Infantry Sons of Veterans Re- 
serve 

Field and Stafif 

Frank A. McKelvey Colonel. 

Wintlcld S. Har\'ey Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Ray D. Harr Major. 

William R. Har\ey .Adjutant. 

J. H. Wentzel Adjutant. 

H. M. Zundel Quartermaster . 

A. H. Cargo Commissary . 

E. F. ]\Iickey Inspector of Rifle Practice. 

George W. Miller Surgeon. 

Minor H. Day Assistant Surgeon. 

Fred M. Gordon Chaplain. 

W. Price Harvey Sergeant-Major. 

George W. Thompson Quartermaster-Sergeant. 

Theodore Rose Commissar\--Sergeant. 

Lew-is G. Tomer Hospital Steward . 

George E. Sprague Color-Sergeant. 

Homer \'. Culp Bugler. 

Regiment.\l Field Band 
Second Lieutenant Boswell J. Clark Commanding 

-A COMP.\NY 

L. P. Wentzel Captain 

John M. Baker First-Lieutenant 

D. F. Smith Second-Lieutenant 

B Company 

O. P . Benson Captain 

Harry Sisco First-Lieutenant 

B. W. Williams Second-Lieutenant 

C Co.MFANY 

S. E. Ferr}' Cajjtain 

J. C. McCutcheon First-Lieutenant 

Stephen A. Martin Second-Lieutenant 

D COMI'ANV 

Gustav Schaaf Cajjtain 

Charles W. Teeple First-Lieutenant 

Bert Ammon Second-Lieutenant 

E Company 

Samuel T. Steel Captain 

Claude A. Drake First-Lieutenant 

Morris S. Jones Second-Lieutenant 

(30 



F Company 
William C. Jenkins Captain 

G Company 

Harrj- C. Lea Captain 

Clarence L. Thompson First-Lieutenant 

Ben J. Sleig Second-Lieutenant 

H COMP.\NY' 

D. L. Steen Captain 

E. J. Sexton First-Lieutenant 

J. W. Beadling Second-Lieutenant 

L Company 

Harry B. Koessler Captain 

L. C. Hicks .Second-Lieutenant 

M Company 

John E. Coughenour Captain 

Charles M. Harvey First-Lieutenant 

Albert C. Daniels Second-Lieutenant 

Gr.\nd .Army of the Republic 
Twenty-eight posts of Allegheny Count)', John T. Porter 
Post 155, commanding. 



Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

P0S1 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos 

Pos' 

Posi 

Posi 

Pos 

Posi 

Po: 

Posi 

Pos 

Pos 

Posi 

Posi 

I'osi 

Posi 

Posi 

Posi 
Pos 



3, Porter Phipps, commander. 

38, Wilson Wigle, commander. 

41, James Wallace, commander. 

59, William J. Giles, commander. 

88, George W. Maggi, commander.' 
Ill, Joel C. Pancost, commander. 
117. L. H. McCroskey, commander. 

127, Thomas Webster, commander. 

128, William E. Caldwell, commander. 
135, J. C. Stewart, commander. 

151, A. T. Goflf, commander. 
153, William M. Snyder, commander. 
155, Robert McMillan, commander. 
157, William Melvin, commander. 
162, Henn,- Dauber, commander. 
181, J. E. Bell, commander. 

206, John W. Jenkins, commander. 

207, D. W. Hutchison, commander. 
215, L. W. Mallasee, commander. 
230, F. R. Hutchison, commander. 
236, John P. J. Young, commander. 
259, Irvin K. Campbell, commander. 
289, John B. Holmes, commander. 
329, James .■\. .Abraham, commander. 
360, Thomas McLaughlin, commander. 
470, \V. S. Marshall, commander. 

495, William Woflmglon, commander. 
548, John M. Marsh, commander. 
.About 1,500 men. 



I) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Union Veteran Legion 

Encampment No. i, R. P. Douglass, Colonel command- 
ing; S. M. Evans, Adjutant. 

About 250 men. 

Civil \V.\r Veterans 

Spanish War \'eterans 

Foreign Service Veterans 

On arrival of the procession at the site of the 
Memorial Hall, the colors and markers whh Guard 
of Honor of the various organizations moved to 
the platform and were arranged in position hx 
Color-Sergeant William J. Hamilton. 

The members of the various organizations 
particpating in the procession moved to chairs 
provided for them in front of the platform. 

The ceremonies incident to the corner-stone 
laying, according to the ritual of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, were then proceeded with by the 
following: 

Official Detail 

Commander, A. P. Burchtield, Past Senior 
Vice-Commander-in-Chief of the G. A. R. 

Chaplain, Thomas X. Boyle, D. D.. Past 
Chaplain-in-Chief of the G. A. R. 

Adjutant, H. H. Bengough, Past Commander 
Post 157, G. A. R. 

Quartermaster, C .C. Fawcett, Past Comman- 
der Post 181, G. A. R. 

Officer of the Day, William T. Powell, Past 
Department Commander of Pennsylvania G. A. R. 

Ofiicer of the Guard, Samuel Scott, Past Junior 
\'ice Department Commander of Pennsvlvania, 
G. A. R. 

Enginecr-in-Chief, I. K. Campbell, Commander 
Post '259, G. A. R. 

Color-Scrgcant, \\'. J. Hamilton, Past Com- 
mander Post 3, G. .\. R. 

FOR.MAL Pl.VCI.NT, OF StONE 

Commander Burchfieki called upon the Rt. 
Rev. Cortland Whitehead. Bishop of the Diocese 

(30 



of Pittsburgh of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
who invoked Divine blessing. 

Rev. Thomas N. Boyle, D. D., Chaplain, read 
an appropriate selection from the Bible and fol- 
lowed with a prayer. 

Adjutant H. H. Bengough read the following 
list of articles deposited in the bo.\ in the corner- 
stone, namely: 

Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt, President of 
United States, 1901 to 1909. 

Picture of Ex-Governor W. A. Stone, who 
framed the special act authorizing the erection of 
Memorial Hall in honor of soldiers who served in 
the War of the Rebellion, from Allegheny County. 

Portrait of Ex-Governor Samuel W. Penny- 
packer, who signed the act for the erection of 
^Jemorial Hall. 

Portrait of Governor Edwin S. Stuart, Governor 
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 

Finding of Grand Juries authorizing the erec- 
tion of Memorial Hall. 

Order of Court directing the County Commis- 
sioners to comply with said act of Assembly in the 
erection of Memorial Hall. 

Copy of specification furnished architects of 
competitive plans for said Hall. 

Minutes of meeting of soldiers of Allegheny 
County, showing the election of a Committee of 
Ten as per Act of Assembly for the government 
of said Hall. 

]\Iap of Allegheny County. 

Copies of all Pittsburgh papers, Sunday and 
day editions. 

Rosters of Posts 3, ^8, 41, 59, 88, 117, 128, 151, 
155, 157, 162, 205, 207, 229, 230, 259, 260, 289, 

495- 548. 

Roster of Encampment Xo. i. Union Veteran 
Legion. 

Roster and badge of Union cx-prisoners of 
war. 

Roster of Camp 15, Spanish War \'cterans. 

Roster of .\lfred Hunt Camp, Spanish War 
\'eterans. 

Roster of Post 3, Foreign Service Men. 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Badge of Union Wtcran I-cgion and lapcI 
shield. 

Badge of the Grand Army of tlie Republic and 
lapel button. 

Badge and roster of McPherson's Woman's 
Relief Corps, Xo. 60. 

Badge of Woman's Auxiliary of the U. V. L. 

One dollar Confederate money as used during 
the War of the Rebellion. 

One 50c. script of United States money as used 
during the War of the Rebellion. 

Portraits of all officials of Allegheny County. 

Portrait of the Mayor of Pittsburgh, George 
W. Guthrie. 

Portraits of all the Judges of Allegheny County 
courts. 

Portrait of W. D. Porter, Judge of Superior 
Court of Pennsylvania. 

History of the Bank of Pittsburgh, first bank 
established in Pittsburgh. 

History of the First Presbyterian Church, the 
first church established in Pittsburgh. 

And last, but not least, one United States flag. 

Commander Burchfield's Remarks 

Commander Burchfield then concluded the 
ritualistic exercises as follows: 

"Mr. Mayor, Chairman of the Commissioners, 
and Fellow Citizens. The Posts of the Grand 
Arm}- of the Republic and other veteran organiza- 
tions have performed tlie dutv assigned to them, 
by laying trul\- and wtII the corner-stone of this 
Memorial building. In the name of the soldiers 
and sailors who .saved our nation, we thank you 
for the honor. We rejoice that our country thus 
proclaims to the world that jjatriolic self-sacrifice 
is not to be forgotten. We trust that our beloved 
land may never again be deluged in blood, ^'et 
we remember the perils of peace are scarcely less 
than till' perils of war. Tlu- demands for lovaltv 
are as great upon llic .sons as they were upon the 
sires. The jjrice of liberty is eternal vigilance. 
The .safety of our country is in the intelliLrence, 



the moral character, and the patriotism of her 
citizens. We believe this structure will be an 
object lesson to inspire lo}-al hearts and a treasure 
house to enrich minds. We now surrender back 
into your hands, Mr. Commissioner, this stone, 
and shall watch with deepest interest the comple- 
tion of the edifice." 

The corner-stone was then properly placed and 
sealed under the direction of Engineer-in-chief 
I. K. Campbell, who used a solid silver trowel, 
presented to the County Commissioners by Major 
A. P. Burchfield for the occasion and to be de- 
posited in Alcmorial Hall. 

After the guards saluted the flag Mrs. J. Sharp 
McDonald sang the "Star Spangled Banner" with 
fine effect. 

General Exercises 

After the conclusion of the ritual work, inci- 
dent to the formal placing of the corner-stone, 
Chairman Charles B. Price, of the Committee of 
Arrangements, assumed charge as Master of 
Ceremonies, and paid tribute to the patriotic 
people of Allegheny County who had authorized 
the building of the Memorial and voted the largest 
appropriation ever made in any county in the 
United States for a similar purpose, and closed by 
introducing Hon. George W. Guthrie, Mayor of 
Pittsburgh. 

Address of the Mayor 

"I feel toward you, those who are left, that too 
mucli respect and gratitude for what you have 
done cannot be shown you. I h()]je that your 
remaining years will be marked by a conscious- 
ness on the part of the people which is due you and 
that the peoi)k' of this country will show you the 
respect and love that you deserve. 

"This beautiful flag is the emblem of our 
country, because of your love, duty and devotion. 
It is a fitting emblem of the memory of the men 
who died for il. Its .^tripes are no dearer than the 
blood you shed for it, and its stars are no more 
bright than the dutv vou showed it. It is then 



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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




GENERAL HORACE PORTER 
Guest of Soldiers' Memorial Hall Comniiitci' 



natural that we should erect this beautiful huild- 
injT of stone and marble. It is a mark of appre- 
ciation and esteem of what we think of vou. It 



Porter as a soldier, author, diplomat and orator 
is peculiarly cjualified for the duty of orator on 
this great patriotic occasion. Having served on 
staff of the illustrious General Grant on the field, 
winning high promotion for gallant and meri- 
torious service in action, he is in hearty sympathy 
with the loyal and patriotic objects of the Memorial 
Hall, the corner-stone of which has just been 
placed." 

General Porter's introduction met \vith the 
hearty responses of all present, his comrades in 
arms of the Grand Army and Sons of \'eterans 
standing and delivering three rousing cheers. 

Oration of General Hor.a.ce Porter 

General Porter spoke without notes and deliv- 
ered a most eloquent, patriotic anrl instructive 
oration, the occasion apparently affording him 
great inspiration. 

He recalled most interesting memories of the 
war and of the many distinguished soldiers .Alle- 
will be an object lesson to the generations vet to gheny County has sent to the front in the great 
come. conflict. He referred to General .Alexander Hays, 

"As our forefathers made this country, so it General Grant's classmate at West Point, and 
will continue, the home of freedom and the refuge comrade in arms in the war against Mexico, 
of all those who seek to stand on their own man- whose death at the battle of the Wilderness 
hood and Uw under laws of a free sovereign. General Grant mourned as a severe personal loss. 

"This building is sim])lv a faint Lxpression of He also reviewed the campaigns in which officers 
our gratitude to you. May our country continue and soldiers of Allegheny County were ever con- 
free and great and a blessing U) mankind." spicuous, and paid a magnilicent tribute to the 
Post 3 choir, composed of Mrs. J. Sharp memory of the heroic colonels Samuel ^^^ Black, 
McDonald, soprano; ^fis. W. \\'. \Vaitneight, Oliver II. Rippey, James II. Childs, John W. 
contralto: E. W. Campney, tenor: Robert L. Patterson, William H. Moody, Robert B. Hampton 
Layton, bass, and Samuel Brown, organist, and Major Frank B. Ward, who with many 
then led in singing "America," the audience thousands of others gave up their lives on the great 
joining. battlefields of the war. Of those who after most 
Chairman Price, in introducing General Horace meritorious service in the field were permitted to 
Porter, U. S. Army, retired, as orator of the day, return at the close of the war to their homes, in 
announced that "General Porter is a distinguished the great County of Allegheny, but who have 
son of Pennsylvania, a native of Huntingdon long since joined the great army of the dead, he 
County, Ills father being the late David Ritten- referred feelingly, with personal recollections of 
house Porter, twice Governor of this state, and General J. Bowman Sweitzer, General Thomas 
who died more than forty vears ago. General .\. Rowley, (leneral A. L. Pearson, Major George 

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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



M. Laughlin, Gen. James S. Negley, and the 
numerous other soldiers who liad (.•arned for them- 
selves distinction and glory for the cause of the 
Union. (}encral Porter, in closing, declared that 
no monument or Memorial Hall could be too mag- 
nificent to perpetuate the deeds and the fame of 
the officers, soldiers and sailors of Allegheny 
County in the War for the Suppression of the 
Rebellion. 

Address oi- \'ici:- President Pairb.axks 

On introducing the next speaker the Chairman 
announced that the distinguished vice-president 
of the United States, Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, 
needed no introduction to an American audience, 
He delivered an address, in part as follows; 

^Ir. Fairbanks congratulated Allegheny County 
upon the honor she does the memory of her 
brave men and upon the great honor she does 
herself by erecting a memorial to those who gave 
much and those who gave all that liberty might 
not perish from the republic. Here, amidst the 
assembled evidences of commercial and indus- 
trial power, unsurpassed anywhere, it is eminently 
fitting that an enduring memorial should arise 
testifying to love of country and devotion to repub- 
lican institutions. 

"Pittsburgh presides here at the headwaters 
of the Ohio in majesty and strength. Her great- 
ness has been achieved since the triumph of our 
arms and the immortal meeting at Appomatto.x. 
When the ability of the government to preserve 
itself was finally demonstrated, the integrity of 
the nation was assured forever and forever, our 
countrymen quickly turned from the ways of con- 
flict to win the ample trophies of peace. 

"The edifice which will arise here will be the 
perfection of art and as durable as the genius and 
effort of man can make it. It will long stand as 
an object of admiration and instruction. Hither 
the lovers of lil^erty will come and bathe their 
souls in its pure atmosphere. In time it will fall 
into decav and fade awav, but the heroic service 



it is intended to commemorate, the cause of free- 
flom for whicli Ijrave men fought, will be remem- 
bered and recalled, for the matchless story is 
written in the imperishable historv of the progress 
of the human race.'" 

The address of the vice-president was frequently 
interrupted by hearty applause of the vast audi- 
ence. 

CoN'GR.VrrLATIONS BY THE C().\I.\I.\X1)ICR-IN- 

Chief 

II. M. Xevius, Commander-in-Chief of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, was next presented 
and received a loyal welcome from the veterans. 
Commander Xevius thanked the soldiers present 
and congratulated the people of Pittsburgh and 
the Grand Army men of the County for the splen- 
did memorial that is now being erected. 

Remarks by Governor Stuart 



The Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, Governor of Penn- 
sylvania, was next introduced by Chairman Price, 
as an oflicial whose patriotic administration and 
frequent visits to all sections of the State had en- 
deared him to the public. 

Governor Stuart expressed great gratification 
at witnessing the prevailing revival of partiotism 
in what the martyred Lincoln liad forty years 
ago, styled the "Great State of Allegheny," which, 
he remarked, since that period might well be said 
to have developed and increased into an Empire 
as respects population and material resources. 
The Governor tendered his congratulations to tlie 
Grand Army and the Union \'ctcrans of Alle- 
gheny County in the realization of their fond 
hopes in having the magnificent Soldiers' and 
Sailors' Memorial Hall erected in honor of de- 
fenders of the Union and Constitution in the War 
for the Suppression of the Rebellion. 

The audience was then dismissed with tiie Bene- 
diction by the Rt. Rev. Regis Cancvin, D. D. 
Bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh. 

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PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




COL. CHARLES OTTO SMITH 
Soldiers' Memorial Hall Sesqui-Centennial Committee. 

CARNEGIE HALL CAMP FIRE 

By CHARLES OTTO SMITH 

The Camp Fire at Carnegie Music Hall, Friday 
evening, October 2, 1908, was a fitting close to a 
day made memorable by the laying of the corner- 
stone of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Hall. 

The large hall was filled by veterans and their 
friends, who seemed to enjoy the reminiscences 
and songs to the fullest extent. 

Captain W. J. Patterson, Past Department 
Commander of the G. A. R. of Pennsylvania, pre- 
sided. 

Rev. X. H. Holmes, D. D., pronounced the 
invocation. 

Mrs. J. Sharp McDonald sang the "Star Span- 
gled Banner" in her usual inimitable manner. 

Objects axd Alms or the G. A. R. 

Captain Patterson, in opening the exercises of 
the evening, referred to the oljjects and aims of 
the Grand Army of the Republic. He said this 
organization was composed exclusively of honor- 
ably discharged soldiers and sailors who had 
served faithfullv in defense of the Union durinc: 



the great Civil War. This noble order, he said, 
does not have its peer on the face of the earth for 
loyalty and exalted patriotism. The Grand Army 
of the Republic stands pledged to support law and 
order, to maintain morality in private life and to 
encourage honor and purity in public aft'airs. 
The fundamental principles of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, as it moves forward in its noble 
mission, are Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty. 

Mayor George \\'. Guthrie was introduced 
and made a stirring address. Among other things 
he paid a glowing tribute to 

True WoiiAxnooD 

"True womanhood," said he, "means as much 
to a nation as true manhood. The mothers and 
wives in those dark days of civil strife gave their 
sons and husbands to be sacrificed on the altar 
of war for the cause of right. They, too, as well 
as you men who were in the thick of the conflict, 
endured privation, bitterness and sorrow. As 
much as we owe you who fought and bled that 
justice might prevail, so much we owe to the brave 
womanhood of that period." 

INIrs. J. Sharp ^McDonald, the brevetted "com- 
rade" of the Grand Army, who won the honor 
years ago, because of enthusiastic musical service 
rendered to the organization, led in singing 
"Marching Through Georgia," the audience 
joining in the chorus, and answering to a spon- 
taneous encore sang "Tenting on the Old Camp 
Ground," with a force and pathos all her own. 

Address of the Commakder-ik-Chiee of ihe 
G. A. R. 

Henry M. Xevius, Commander-in-Cliief of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, made an clocjuent 
address, emphasizing the necessity of keeping the 
fires of patriotism alive among the people. He 
spoke in part as follows: 

"I witnessed yesterday your grand pageant, your 
magnificent floats, the grand i)aradc, such as could 



(306) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




United States, Abraham Lincoln, to assist him 



in enforcing the 1; 



i\v. 



At that time this country 



COL. HEXRY -M. NEVIU.S 
Commander-in-Chief, G. A. R. 



not have been produced in any other city except 
the City of Pittsburgh. 

"A city of over five hundred thousand inhabi- 
tants, with manufacturing plants, employing over 
two hundred and fifty thousand men and an annual 
pay-roll of three hundred and fifty million dollars, 
and financial institutions with over seventy mil- 
lions of capital and a surplus and undivided profits 
of over a hundred million dollars. A city of 
palatial residences, beautiful churches and schools, 
that accommodate over seventy thousand pupils. 

"Truly, the citizens of Pittsburgh have reason 
to be [jroud of their magnificent city and the 
splendid showing it is making on this its Scscjui- 
Centennial Anniversary. 

"I was delighted to be ])rivileged to see to-day 
Comrade Burchfield, a Past Senior \'ice-Com- 
mander-in-Chicf of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, one of your honored citizens, in the 
presence of that great multitude, complete the 
pleasant duty of laying the corner-stone of the 
grand Memorial Hall you are erecting in honor 
of your soldiers dead, and soldiers living, who. in 
1861 and up to 1865, responded to the call of our 
grand Commander-in-Chief and President of the 



was in a state of turmoil, eleven of our sister states 
had passed ordinances of secession and were 
engaged in the mad attempt of bursting asunder 
the bonds of union established by our fathers, 
and of destroying their government with its insti- 
tutions. Those were indeed troublous days, 
days that put to the severest test the patriotism 
and loyalty of our citizens. Then it was, m\' 
comrades, that you broke asunder the ties of 
party and cast aside the pleasures and pursuits 
of civil life, and thronged to the front, on land and 
on sea, resolved that Old Glory should again float 
over every state and territory in tins union, and 
that no state or territory should be eliminated 
therefrom. 

"That war was the most terrible and bloody of 
any recorded in the pages of history of ancient or 
modern times. .\ war in which father was en- 
gaged against son, and brother against brother. 
And, while you met with many discouragements 
and many reverses, and while many people of the 
north, all through that bloodly struggle, discour- 
aged enlistments, declared the war a failure, and 
demanded it should cease, and that the south 
should be allowed to depart in peace, thereby 
establishing a precedent that if the south could 
withdraw from the north, then the east could with- 
draw from the west, and state from state, until lliis 
great and glorious union would be divided up into 
as many petty republics as there are states and 
territories in the union. 

'i)Ut you, my comrades, never faltered and never 
waviTed, and our President ne\i-r lost faith in the 
people nor in his army and navy. The love and 
confidence between him and his generals and 
admirals, soldiers, sailors and marines, inspired all 
with a zeal and energy that overcame all op])osi- 
lion until Appomatto.x, when finally thi' last armed 
t"oe laid down his arms and treason forever surren- 
dered to loyalty. .\nd, then peace was declared 
and law re-established throughout the length and 
breadth of our land, and the (|Uestion was forever 



(307) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



settled that under the Constitution the national and in a short time pro\ided all the fuse plugs 

government is and must be supreme. tliat were needed. 

".\nd then the long lines were formed and be- "This incident illustrates the resourceful ingenu- 

neath the folds of the Hag of the United America, ity of one who afterwards became prominent as a 

the long roll was called, and it was found that General and of w'orld-wide renow'n as a diplomat, 

for every star in that field of blue, ten thousand and to whose untiring exertions the people of this 

comrades, brave and true, had laid down their country are indebted for the discovery in an ob- 

lives, and in defense of those stripes of stainless scure corner of Paris, and the removal to our shores 

hue, three hundred thousand comrades had been the remains of America's greatest naval hero, 

sent to their homes, maimed and crippled for life, John Paul Jones. 

but the Union of tlie United States of America "It is our pleasure to have the Lieutenant re- 
still lives intact, and our nation stands first in the ferred to with us to-night in the person of General 
forum of the nations of the world." Horace Porter, and those of you of the present 

generation, in years to come, in showing the 

-T- /^ T) familiar picture of General Lee's surrender to 

Fributf. to Generai. Porter ' 

General Grant at Appomatto.x to your children 

Charles Otto Smith, Patriotic Instructor of the and grand-children, can point with pride to the 

Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the figure of General Porter in that i)icture and tell 

Republic, in behalf of the Comrades of Allegheny them that upon this evening of our Sesqui-Cen- 

County, presented to General Horace Porter a tennial, when the veterans of the Ci\il War were 

loving cup, saying: celebrating over the successful laying of the corner 

"April ]oth, 1S62, just one year after the bom- stone of the beautiful ^lemorial that is being 

bardment and reduction of Fort Sumpter by the erected in their honor, you had the pleasure of 

Confederate forces, Fort Pulaski (Georgia) was seeing and hearing this gallant soldier and splen- 

bombarded and reduced bv the Union forces, did citizen. 



One who participated in tlu's bombardment 
relates this amusing incident. 

"The l)atteries were under the immediate com- 
mand of Lieutenant Horace I'orter, who went 
around to every gun to ascertain whether its 



"General Porter, when we learned you had 
accepted the in\-itation to be present with us on 
this occasion, we were glad — but when our eyes 
beheld _\'ou we were overjoyed — we trust, sir. 
)'our stay with us has afforded you as much pleas- 



captain was provided with everything that would urc as we have enjoyed, and when you depart 

be necessary when the firing would begin. .\t from us you will carry with you only pleasant 

one mortar battery, fuse i>lugs were wanting, and memories; but to make sure vou may not forget 

the officer was in despair. This battery had the us, your comrades of Allegheny County, veterans 

position nearest to the fort, and its four mortars of the Civil War, ha\-e prepared, as a slight token 

were useless without the plugs. Finally he of their esteem and affection, this loving cup, and 

remembered that there was a Yankee regiment in their behalf it is my pleasure to present it t(j 

(Seventh Connecticut) on the island, and you. Its intrinsic value is not great, but I trust. 

remarked, '.Ml ^'ankees are whittlers. If this sir, in the years to come, as you look into this cup 

regiment could be turned out to-night, they might you will be reminded of the faces and the scenes 

whittle enough fuse plugs before morning to fire of this occasion, and that these memories will 

a thousand rounds.' Thereupon he rode out in gladden ycjur heart. 

the darkness to the camp of that regiment, and "May the choicest blessings of Heaven rest upon 

the regiment was immediately ordered to whittle, vou. and mav vou live manv vcars to enjov them.'" 

(30S) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Reply of General Porter 

General Porter received the gift witli expres- 
sions of heart-felt thanks for the comradeship that 
prompted such a kind remembrance on the part 
of his western soldier friends of Allegheny County. 

The General dwelt on the need of teaching 
the young to reverence the United States flag and 
the uniform of the army and navy. He referred 
to two sailors from a battleship being refused ad- 
mittance to a theater and hotels at Newport, R. I., 
because they wore the navy uniform. He char- 
acterized the incident as a gross insult to the dig- 
nity of the nation in whose service the men were 
enlisted. He expressed the hope that a law will 
soon be passed making such disrespect a criminal 
act. General Porter interspersed his speech with 
witty anecdotes of the Rebellion, which were en- 
thusiastically enjoyed by the audience. 

Address of the Vice-President of the 
United States 

Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was next 
introduced and spoke of the battles fought and 
won by the Grand Army and the outcome of the 
Civil War, as placing upon those charged with the 
large civic responsibilities of the country a high 
and sacred duty to maintain unsullied in times 
of peace what had been preserved by bloodshed 
in times of strife. He said: 

"We have observed in our progress as a people 
from the earliest days of the republic until now, 
that there is in our affairs the guiding hand of an 
over-ruling Providence. The selection of Abra- 
ham Lincoln to preside over the destiny of the 
republic, when its life was in the balance, was an 
evidence of providential interposition. 

"WTio among all the patriotic men of America 
was better suited than he — no, I will say, equally 
suited — to the exigencies of that supreme hour? 

"He was as patient as destiny. When others 
lost hope, his confidence in the integrity of his 
cause ancl in the valor and the heroism of Ulysses 



S. Grant and the armies of the Union was un- 
shaken. 

"He felt that sooner or later they would com- 
mand success and that the unity of the Union 
would be preserv'ed for ourselves and our children 
forever. How like the irony of fate, it all seems, 
that after he had led his people through the Red 
Sea, it should not have been permitted him to 
enjoy the promised land! 

"The Grand Army of the Republic was the 
nation's potent defence in war and it has been a 
source of strength to our institutions in time of 
peace. Your patriotic service did not end when 
you were mustered out with honor. You re- 
turned to the quiet walks of life and consecrated 
yourselves anew to the discharge of your civic 
duties. 

"The Civil War cost much in blood and treasure. 
When we look back upon it we wonder that it 
could not have been averted and wc wish it might 
have been. Yet it was, perhaps, in a large sense, 
best that it should have come with all of its cruelty 
and destructiveness. It will be remembered for 
unnumbered centuries yet to be. 

"Opportunity comes to few nun to render 
service to their fellow men which will long survive, 
but to you, members of the Grand Army of the 
Republic, the supreme opportunity came and you 
met it supremely. You made the generation in 
which you wrought your debtor and the genera- 
tion which shall follow us will praise and honor you. 

"In recalling your arduous campaigns and the 
success you achieved, we thereby emphasize the 
necessity of increased devotion to the public weal. 
That which has cost much must needs have much 
of our concern to safeguard and preserve it. 

"We must have a quickened sense of our civic 
duty so that wc may transmit, strengthened and 
unsullied, the flag whose integrity you preserved 
and whose glory you increased." 

The \'ice-President was followed by Congress- 
man Burke and former Judge Harry White, of 
Indiana County, both of whom delivered short 
patriotic addresses and the camp fire terminated. 



(309) 




in 111 \\i:XUE BY XIC.HT DURING THE SESQUI-CKXTKNXIAL 

(310) 




(3") 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



ANNIVERSARY DAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1908 



A. J. KELLY, JR., Chairman 



On Tuesday morning, November 24th, Hon. 
Herman de Lagercrantz, the Minister of Sweden 
to the United States, arrived in Pittsburgh with 
his Secretary, Count Ludvig R. af Ugglas, both 
iDcing the guests of the Anniversary Day subcom- 
mittee of the Sesqui-Ccntcnnial Committee. Dur- 
ing the day they visited the Carnegie Institute 
and Technical Schools and the Homestead Steel 
Works. In the evening, with Hon. Charlemagne 
Tower, former United States .\mbassador to Ger- 
many, and Go\xTnor Edwin S. Stuart, they were 
entertained at a dinner given l)y Mr. and Mrs. 
Samuel Harden Church, at their residence. 

On the morning of .\nniversarv Day, Novem- 
ber 25th. special exercises were held in all the 
schools of the city, the program for which was 
prepared by a Sesf|ui-Centennial Committee 
headed by i\ev. J. Leonard Lew. 

The most notable celebration was at the Du- 
(|uesne School, Prof. M. J. McMahon, principal. 
This school stands on the sites of Forts Duquesne 
and Pitt at Liberty and Second .\\enue. The 
]>rogram consisted of songs, recitations and drills 
by the children of the schools. .A. most interesting 
feature consisted of a series of historic tableau.x. 
These included Cajjtain Celeron and his followers, 
descending the .\lleghen\- River, Washington and 
Gist cro.ssing the .\llegheny on a raft. Captain 
Trent building a fort at the forks of the Ohio, 
and its capture by the French and Indians; Brad- 
dock's defeat, planting of Lnglish llag on ruins 
of Fort Duc|uesne, ihr illock House, and the 
Sesqui-Cenlennial. Tlie chihh-en were trained by 
Miss Kate H. Dugan and other teachers of the 
school. The School Board took a great interest 
in the celebration and expended several hundred 
dollars. A conlriljution was also made by the 
Sesqui-Ccntennial Committee. The morning ex- 



ercises at the school were attended by Governor 
Edwin S. Stuart, Hon. Herman de Lagercrantz, 
Minister of Sweden, and Willian H. Stevenson, 
Chairman of the Sesqui-CentennialCommittce, all 
of whom made addresses. Count L'gglas, Secre- 
tary of the Swedish Minister, and A. B. Millar, 
Secretary of Governor Stuart, and members of the 
Sesqui-Centennial Committee, were also present. 
The program was repeated in the evening. 

Special Sesqui-Centennial services were held in 
the chapel of the L'niversity of Pittsburgh. 

In the morning of .Anni\ersary Day, Governor 
Claude A. Swanson of ^'irginia, and Hon. Charle- 
magne Tower \isited the Carnegie Institute. At 
1 1 : 45 A. M. all the city's guests and a number of 
officers and members of the Sesqui-Centennial 
Committee were guests at a breakfast at the 
L'^niversity Club given b\- Dr. ^^'illiam J. Holland. 

At 6 p. M. the city's guests and Governor J. H. 
Higgins of Rhode Island were given a dinner at 
the Fort Pitt Hotel. 

The Sesqui-Centennial meetings were held in 
the auditorium of the western Pennsylvania 
E.xposition on November 25th, 

.M'TERXOOX SKSSIOX 

M the afternoon meeting there were present 
about 2,500 people, .\fter the rendition of the 
overture "Domitian" of Fidelis Zitterbart, by the 
Pittsburgh Orchestra, conducted by Emil Paur, 
the afternoon session of the Sesqui-Centennial 
meeting was called to order by Chairman A. J. 
Kelly, Jr., Committee on .Anniversary Day at 
2: 15, in the following w(;rds: 

"On the 27th of September we inaugurated the 
Sesqui-Centennial exercises with divine worship. It 
would not be })roj)er to open these exercises without 

'■) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



the invocation of the blessings of divine Provi- 
dence, and giving thanks for all the kindness and 
goodness shown to this great city. Rev. Maitland 
Alexander, D. D., of the First Presbyterian 
Church, will now pronounce the invocation." 

PR.WI.K OF DR. M.\ITI,.\XD .M.I'.X.VXDER 

".\lmighty God, we praise thee and acknowl- 
edge thee to be the Lord. All the earth doth wor- 
ship thee, the Father everlasting. We thank thee 
for thy loving-kindness unto us thrcnighout all the 
days of the years that are past. And as we review 
those years, thy hand hast ever been spread out to 
shield us, to strengthen us, to guide us, and to 
befriend us. We thank thee for our temporal 
resources. We thank thee for the fibre and the 
strength of our ancestry. But above all things, 
we thank thee for thy providential care which has 
made us what we are. And therefore, we beseech 
thee, that as in the days that are past, so in the 
days that are to come, thou wilt be with thv peo- 
ple here and from everlasting to everlasting, to 
the generations that are to come. Mav the bcaut\- 
of the Lord, our God, be upon them. .Vnd es- 
tablish thou the work of our hands upon us, yea 
the work of our hands, establish thou it. And we 
will give the glory unto the Father and unto the 
Son, and unt(j the Holy Ghost, world without end. 
Amen." 

REMARKS OF :\IK. .\, J. KKl.LV, [U. 

"Large cities throughout our great country 
celebrate their centennials and their 200th anni- 
versaries and it came to the minds of some of our 
best citizens and especially to the mind of our 
Mayor, that the city of Pittsburgh ought to re- 
member her Sesqui-Centennial. Because, here, al 
this spot, at this point of the ri\er, where the two 
rivers meet, the greatest historical interest of this 
whole Country centers. The Councils of the City 
of Pittsburgh by resolution authorized our Mayor 
to appoint a committee of seventy to take charge 
of these exercises. Our natal dav occurs on 



November 25th, the day we are now observing. 
Out-of-door exercises would be impossible at this 
time of the year, and the committee therefore 
arranged a program which consisted of a week of 
celebration and festivities and pageants, to be 
ended by the celebration of an indoor e.xercise on 
this, our natal day. That is why we are here to- 
day, to finish up the program so auspiciously 
Ijegun, so well carried out, and so greatly ap- 
preciated, on the 27th day of September and 
thereafter for a week. 

"His Honor our Mayor is, and ought to be, the 
chairman of all these committees. He is the man 
who has stood by and guided the committees, and 
generally helped. .Vnd we have him with us to- 
day, and he will preside at this meeting, and also 
at the meeting this evening. I have therefore not 
only the pleasure but the great honor to introduce 
our respected Mayor, the Honorable George W. 
Guthrie." 



ADDRKSS Ol' ItOX. CKORC.F W. (UTHRIE 

" Vour excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Pitts- 
burghers: We stand to-day on historic ground. 
In this immediate neighljorhood was settled for all 
time the ccjntroversies between the Latin and the 
English-speaking races as to who should rule the 
(k'stinies of this great country. One hundred 
and fifty years ago, in the presence of the English 
troops and the provincial troops from Pennsvlvania 
and \'irginia, the Hritisli llag wius hoisted over this 
ground and the nanii- "'Pittsburgh" given to the 
settlement tlien established, and tlie destinv, tht' 
future of this nation was established. Here 
quickly gathered the Indian traders. Following 
them came traders and merchants, and thev 
moved through this gateway of the mountains, 
animated by tiiat strange land-hunger which 
animates all humanity, moved to the West, ever 
going, never ceasing, until they touched the waters 
of the Pacific. Here started industry after in- 
dustry. The commerce of the river furnishing 
first bv llat boats all the commerce of the m-eat 



(313) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



west, slowly developing into steamboats, followed 
by railroads carrying not only our own products, 
but the products of all the east to the people of 
the new lands. And here came a people ready to 
work, sober, industrious, intelligent, who have 
built u]) tliis great industrial and commercial 
community. It is a matter of pride that we have 
here displayed to-day, by this great gathering, 
the loyalty of the people of Pittsburgh in its past, 
its present and its future, meeting here to-day to 
give expression to what you feel, your memory of 
the great deeds done here, the great industries 
carried on, your love and devotion to your city, 
and your determination tliat it will go forward 
until the growth from that little settlenient founded 
here one hundred and fifty years ago to-day, will 
be lost in the greater growth, the greater develop- 
ment, the greater glory of this great city in the 
future. 

"And let me tell you, the greatness, the glory 
of this city, is not in its products, is not in its speed 
or its houses, fine as they may be, but is in its 
people, the manhood and the womanhood that it 
gives to the world, in the loyalty of its people to 
its own best interests, and to the glory and stability 
of its nation. That is what makes a city great. 
And it is because we sec in the demonstration 
which you have given not only to-day Inil in that 
past week to which Mr. Kelly so well referred, 
that we feel justified in saying to the world that 
for its people and their loyalty we challenge the 
world. It is a matter of gi-atification, it is a matter 
very appropriate, that on this occasion we should 
have with us here representatives of interests so 
intimately connected with the early history and 
development of this State and of this district. We 
have with us his excellency the Swedish minister, 
who comes as a representative of his king, because 
the first settiers on the soil of Pennsylvania came 
from that kingdom, and their people and their 
blood have come unto us and have learned to 
make part of that great foundation of the people 
who rule this State. We have with us his excel- 
lency the governor of \'irginia, and you will all 



remember that in the earlv davs it was a question 
as to whether tliis territory Avhere we now stand 
should belong to \'irginia or to Pennsylvania. 
And we all remember, too, with pride in the great- 
ness of our nation, and especially in the greatness 
of our neighboring people, that they set aside all 
personal or local advantage and voluntarily ceded 
to the nation, to make peace and good will, the 
territory o\X'r wlu'cli they believed they had a right 
to claim authority. And Ijy that cession they 
made this part of Pennsylvania. He comes here 
to-day to join with us in our celebration of our 
prosperity. .And we have with us also Iiis ex- 
cellency tile governor of Pennsylvania, who comes 
here to show that community of interest, that 
feeling of general loyalty, which testifies to the 
feeling of the people of the State on the progress 
and prosperity and glory of Pittsburgh, and to 
say to us words of good will and good wishes." 

]Mr. Howard White then sang "]My Lovely 
Rosebud" by Charles Wakefield Codman, and 
"Oh That We Two Were Maying," by Ethelbert 
Nevin. 

]\Iayor Guthrie then introduced the Hon. Edwin 
S. Stuart, Governor of Pennsvlvania. 

ADDRESS OF HOX. EDWIN S. STUART 

"Mr. Chairman, your Excellencies, Ladies and 
Gentlemen : — I said to-day to the members of 
your committee that if they continued celebrating 
their Sesqui-Centennials it would be necessary to 
move the capital to Pittsburgh in order that the 
Governor might be convenient for all such occa- 
sions. I am glad to be here to-day, glad to wel- 
come to the soil of Pennsylvania the Governor of 
a great comm.onwealth whose people did so much, 
not only for the foundation of this republic, but 
particularly for the reason that Pittsburgh is here 
to-day. 1 refer to his excellency, Governor Swan- 
son of Mrginia. .Also I am glad to welcome to the 
soil of Pennsylvania the Minister from Sweden to 
the United States. His people were first to settle 
in our great State. 1 am also glad indeed to be 



(314) 




Cuuili->y of Gazette-Times 
DR. WILLIAM J. HOLLAND AND FRIENDS AT ENTRANCE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE 
From left to right: Martin Hokanson, Dr. A. .A. Hamerschlag, Dr. William J. Holland, Hon. Herinan De Lagercrantz, Count 
Ludvig R. af Ugglas and Burd S. Patterson. 




Courii-sy ol Clironine-'lnegniph 
ON WAY TO EXPOSITION HALL 
Dr. J. .\. lirashcar, Hon. Claude .A. Swanson, Governor of Virginia, E. Z. Smith, and Hon. George W. Guthrie, Mayor of Pittshurgh. 



(315) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



with you, and to join in celebrating the one hun- 
dred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of 
Pittsburgh and most sincerely return your saluta- 
tion, and wish for your city continued prosperity. 

"Local history is so rich in material of national 
and international interest that it is difficult to 
appropriate it for our own. George Washington 
was the father of the Pittsburgh country. Xo one 
in his time knew the west so well. In his teens 
he was schooled in the forests and mountains. 
Thus strong in body and mind he stepped into 
full view of the world as a chief figure in 1754, 
when he fired the first gun in the French and 
Indian War and signed the first treaty at Fort 
Necessity in the .Allegheny country. 

"Later, in the halls of legislation, he championed 
the west because he had especial knowledge of it. 
From a partisan and patriotic motive he coveted 
the Ohio trade for \'irginia. After the Revolu- 
tion his interest broadened to a national scope. 
He then devoted his attention to the commercial 
aspect of the west, and began the Potomac Navi- 
gation Company enterprise, which ultimately gave 
to America its first steam railroad, a competitive 
line of communication from Baltimore to the Ohio. 

"In early times the Ohio country was a tangled 
wilderness, the possession and hunting ground of 
the Irocjuois. The Ohio river the same then as 
now, was a great thoroughfare. Into this region 
came the French explorers in canoes from the 
north, and before the world learned of it French 
forts were established at most of the strategic 
points. The Indians did not object because the 
forts were really warehouses where articles of 
trade could be had and where entertainments were 
given. 

"When, in 1749, the Mrginia Company ob- 
tained a royal charter froni the King of England, 
for land in the Ohio \'alley, the French govern- 
ment at Montreal felt outraged at such aggression. 
The nearest points of contact between the French 
and English were on the Virginia and Pennsylvania 
borders, so here the rivalry was most intense. 

"The colonial governor of Virginia, Robert 



Dinwiddle, was ordered to build a fort at the 
forks of the Ohio. Before taking a decided step 
he sought an envoy; a frontiersman, because there 
were 500 miles of wilderness to be traversed in 
dead winter; a diplomat, because cunning savages 
and French trained in intrigue were to be met; 
and a soldier, because there were forts to be 
marked, highways of approach to be considered, 
vantage sites on rivers and mountains to be noted 
and compared. 

"Major George Washington's services were 
offered and accepted. He followed an Indian trail 
blazed by the Ohio Company, and in forty-two days 
from starting, on December 11, 1753, he delivered 
the message to the French commander at Fort le 
Beouf, requesting the French to depart from Eng- 
lish territory. To-day one may cross the con- 
tinent and the Atlantic four times in the same 
number of days. 

"The declination of the French to retire and 
the publication of Washington's account of the 
trip, telling of the situation on the Ohio frontier, 
electrified Europe. The Virginia Governor and 
Council at once ordered Washington to proceed 
to the forks of the Ohio and there erect a fort. 
Thus was begun, by George Washington, the first 
modern historical highway through Pennsylvania 
to Pittsburgh. 

"Washington's route was not much more than 
a widened forest path, but it served to inaugurate 
the struggle which eventually terminated in na- 
tional independence. 

"Braddock's expedition to the Ohio valley from 
Mrginia the following year, over Washington's 
path, memorialized the colonies. 

"Braddock's death brought wretchedness to the 
colonists. 

"No longer did the Indian waver. Bands of 
savages massacred men, women and children, 
drove back the settlers, and depopulated the out- 
posts. Even the coast people began to tremble. 

"Governor Morris, by authority of the general 
assembly, widened an old Indian trading path, 
bv which the red men carried his goods to and 



(316) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



from the Ohio. This improvement had Ijeen 
pushed west to the mountains beyond Bedford, 
when Braddock's defeat put an end to the work. 
The object of the road was to afford a short cut 
through Pennsylvania west of Braddock's road 
for speedy intelligence from the coast, and quick 
delivery of supplies from the storeliouses of east- 
ern Pcnnsvlvania, then the granary of the new 
world. 

"Thus was Ijegun by Gcnernor Morris at 
Braddock's request, the second modern historical 
highway through Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh. The 
first was destined to become a national road to 
the west. The second was destined to become 
the military road and the most important highway 
in America. Three years later, when General 
Forbes came from England to take up Braddock's 
unfulfilled task, the colonists were thorouglily 
aroused to their needs and stood ready to aid 
the campaign, even to suggesting a route. It 
meant much to Pennsylvanians to have a high- 
way across the province to the Ohio. It meant 
a fortified route and a future avenue of trade. 
Virginians advocated tlie old Ijraddock road, 
and a bitter strife was interjected into the cam- 
paign between these factions. It lasted over two 
decades and nearly precipitated bloodshed. 

"Because it was the shortest route from the 
base of supplies at Carlisle to the French strong- 
hold. Fort Duquesne, General Forbes selected 
Governor Morris' road and extended it straight 
through the mountains to the enemy, and so the 
great Pennsylvania highway to Pittsburgh was 
established. Xo other road became so strongly 
fortified. Xo other road witnessed so many cam- 
paigns. And after the military contests and strife 
were ended, for fifty years this route was the 
chief one to the West. 

"Washington participated in Uraddock's cam 
paign and defeat and in Forbes' expedition. He 
witnessed the occupation of Fort Du(juesne, whose 
150th anniversary wc now celebrate. Such great 
prominence did Forbes' road attain during the 
Revolutionary War that immediately thereafter 



the Pennsylvania Assembly made it a State road, 
now familiarly known as the Pittsburgh and 
Chambcrsburgh turnpike. 

"Tt is impossible for the present generation to 
realize how the Pittsburgh pike was the connecting 
link in the occupation and winning of the west up 
to the time the other great Pennsylvania highway, 
the canal, superseded it. This water thorough- 
fare was the greatest engineering achievement of 
its kind in the world at that period. 

"After the Revolution, with independence 
gained, the young republic began to grasp its 
opportunities. The country was vast in territory. 
The roads were impassable in winter. They were 
wretched in wet weather. The rivers, however, 
were easily navigable. They extended long dis- 
tances into the interior. The westward move- 
ment was common. So improved navigation 
came rapidly to the fore. 

"Washington maintained that the States of 
Mrginia and Maryland, through the improvement 
of the Potomac and other streams, should secure 
the trade of the rising empire to the west of the 
.\lleghanies. Due to his influence and initiative, 
these States united to make the improvement. 
The Ohio at Pittsburgh was the objective point. 
So again did Washington's plans lead to the forks 
of the Ohio; but little was accomplished up to 
1S20, when llie impending success of the canal 
across Xew York brought up the question of the 
feasibility of a canal to the Ohio from \'irginia. 

"The United States government assisted in the 
survey again, with the forks of the Ohio the ob- 
jective point. But meantime the Xational Cum- 
berland road (Braddock's route) had been built 
and was in the zenith of its usefulness. It was 
started in 1808, finished as far as Uniontown in 
181 7, and in 1818 United States mail coaches ran 
from W^ashington, D. C. to Wheeling, W'. \'a. 
During a generation the road had a prei)onder- 
ating inlluence on the growth of the population of 
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. X'o steam railroad 
was ever so wonderful and full of varied life. 

"During all tlie vears before the completion of 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




HON. HERIVL'VN DE LAGERCRAXTZ 
Of Sweden, Minister to the United States 



the Pennsylvania canal the great Pennsylvania 
highway, the old Forbes road, retained its prestige 
and luster and was in fact the nation's most im- 
portant thoroughfare. 

"In those days of rivalry between Philadelphia 
and Baltimore for the Ohio basin trade, it was of 
greatest moment that Philadelphia should be kept 
in close touch with Pittsburgh. The Cumljerland 
road across the Alleghenics was manv miles 
shorter, and to overcome this disadvantage Penn- 
sylvania sought a water route of advanced pattern, 
and a combined water and railway route was 
built between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh which 
eclipsed all other possil^le water routes to the 
Ohio Valley. Pittsburgh was the objecti\-e point, 
as she has always been. 

"Subsequent events in the development of trans- 
Allegheny traffic have served to enrich Pittsburgh 
in her position as the port of entry and transfer 
point Ijetween the cast and west. I understand 
that the freight tonnage of this district alone sur- 
passed that of New York and Chicago combined. 
To-day Pittsburgh is the most renowned industrial 
center of America, the wonder and admiration of 
the world. 'Phe State of Pennsvlvania boasts of 



Pittsburgh's history, achievement and wealth, and 
at this time, set apart for reminiscence and com- 
memoration, the citizens of Pennsylvania extend 
their congratulations and wish for your citizens 
continued prosperity and happiness. 

"Devotion to duty as he saw it characterized the 
life of George Washington. In our time we have 
equal responsibilities and opportunities. Our acts 
also may preserve for the present and future gen- 
erations manifold blessings, and I feel certain the 
people of Pennsylvania will never be found want- 
ing in progressiveness and patriotism." 

Baron Lagercrantz, Minister from Sweden to 
the United States, was the next speaker. 

ADDRESS OF HON. HERMAN DE LAGERCRANTZ 

"Mr. Mayor, Excellencies, Ladies — and I do 
not know whether I dare say Gentlemen. They 
complain that we European gentlemen pay so 
much attention and so much admiration to the 
ladies in this country that there is nothing left for 
the gentlemen. 

"I have the honor to represent on this occasion 
my devoted, gracious King, Gustavus V. He is 
the king of the nation that first of European na- 
tions landed in Pennsylvania. And among them 
I believe now the most distinguished was a cer- 
tain Mr. Swanson. I am not going to speak on 
his behalf because one of his descendants, his 
excellency the Governor of Virginia, is present. 

"I came here expecting to see, and did see a 
Ijeehive wliere human toil conquered nature. I 
expected to see and I have seen how the iron which 
lias rested, dignified and strong through thousands 
of years in the mountains, boasting of its niuscles 
strong enough to challenge the world, I have seen 
this iron blush before a handful of men, having 
to bow to the human skill. and will. I have seen 
how the black coal, still in deep mourning, the 
last weakness of a revolution where human toil 
had no part, I have seen this coal begin again to 
go into society where Mr. Furnace gives his long 
dinner. T have seen the black toiler, the in- 



(318) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



telligcnt player, who holds the law in the great 
match between human intelligence and the digni- 
fied conservative — Nature. In this match Pitts- 
burgh has the world's record. I expected to see 
all these, but what I did not expect to see, or to 
find, was that this i)hice wliich is known all over 
the world as 'Hell without a lid' has one hundred 
and fifty churches of all denominations. Surely 
it is the Ik'lFs record. I did not expect to find 
through the smoke such palaces erected to the 
highest human culture. I had heard about Air. 
Carnegie. \\'ho does not know him? But I did 
not expect half of what I have seen, even in the 
magnificent Institute, the Technical School, the 
Girls' School, and all the other schools. You 
know better than I do the chances for the sons and 
daughters of this strong race whom I have known 
and loved from my childhood, down there in the 
mills, the chances to equip themselves to conquer 
still more. Nature. 

"Now, all this I have seen and admired, and 
engraved in my mind. But being the only repre- 
sentative here to-day from abroad, I humbly take 
the opportunity to congratulate you on the event 
of the celebration to-day. Fort Duquesne was 
the stronghold of the northern region. It was one 
of the corner-stones of the Latin power in the new 
world. I congratulate you on your victory, the 
second event in the history of America. What 
our great king, Gustavus Adolphus, gave to the 
old world, at Lutzen, you gave to the new world 
at Fort Duquesne. You claimed what has been 
recognized as the highest right of the human race, 
the right to serve God as the heart dictates. 

"Now, our littie country in the far north has, 
in comparison with its size, done as much as any 
nation to reach the ideals of mankind. I want 
to remind you without false pride, of names such 
as Bcrzclius, Celsius, Swedenborg, Scheele, John 
Erickson, whom you all know, Berenson, who 
developed the Bessemer process, Arminius, whom 
I would almost call Mr. Carnegie's John the Bap- 
tist. I ought not to sit down without calling your 
attention to the fact which I havi' nn^ntiont'd. that 



we were the first to lanfl in this part of America. 
And we are very proud to-day that there are 
several of the governors in the States of America 
who are of Swedish descent, ^^'hy, yesterday I 
passed through the Homestead works, and some- 
body t()Ul me that not a small part of these works 
were built under the supervision of the Swedes, 
and I was told that Mr. Thorstcn Berg, a very 
modest man, had much to do with it. 

"My' name, translated into English, is 'The 
crown of laurel' and it is more than appropriate 
that the old world should send a living cro\\'n of 
laurel to the monument of the heroes at Fort 
Ducjuesne. This monument is Pittsburgh.'' 

Airs. Agnes Yogel Roberts then sang "I Love 
Thee," by Ad. M. Foerster, "Rosary," by Ethel- 
bert Nevin, and " Old Folks at Home," by Stephen 
C. Foster. 

In introducing Governor Swanson of Mrginia 
Maj'or Guthrie said : " Ladies and Gentlemen : — • 
Virginia has given to the nation names that we all 
honor, many that are not local to the nation. Her 
soil has been consecrated by the blood of heroes, 
and from every hamlet in this nation stretches 
from the heart of the people tender clinging mem- 
ories of the heroes who rest there. The governor 
of that commonwealth is with us to-day, and it is 
with pleasure that I present to you his excellency 
the Governor of X'irginia, Governor Swanson." 

.VDDRESS OV IIOX. CI..\UDE .\. SWANSON 

"Mr. Mayor, Your E.xcellency the Governor 
of Pennsylvania. Ilis E.xcellency the Minister 
from Sweden, Ladies and Gentlemen: — 

"I appreciate the compliment very much. I 
see that the Mayor is desirous of spurring my 
ambition and making progiTss in my direction 
like Pitls]>urgh has so splendidiv displayed in all 
lines. ( )r ])ossil)ly his mind is going back, and 
possibl}- he thought we were still really within 
the jurisdiction of Virginia. 

"The Mayor in his introductory remarks, which 
have been verv kind. I assure vou, seems to have 



C319) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 




IIOX. CLAUDE A. SWAXSOX 
Governor of Virginia 

in his mind, though he has not expressed it, what 
a good old German friend when I spoke in New 
York, had, when he introduced me there not so 
very long ago. He said, 'I will not l^ore you with 
a sjDeech, we haw invilcd some gentlemen here 
for that pur])ose, and 1 take pleasure in introduc- 
ing to you," etc. 1 am especially pleased with 
this splendid address of the Governor of Pennsyl- 
N'ania and his l()\ing and beautiful tribute to 
\'irginia, and George Washingtcjn, \'irginia's fa- 
vorite, and the foremost son of America, also. I 
was also especially pleased with the address of the 
distinguished Minister from Sweden. I wish to 
assure him that the old world has not sent to the 
new a laurel more charming, more delightful than 
the one that has decorated Pittsburgh to-day in 
his own person. T wish to assure him that his 
career as a minister will be great if he will sliow 
the same discernment in ili|ilnnialir matters that 
he has shown in his estimate of what is the most 
linished, the finest product of America, the .Amer- 
ican woman. And when I see this beautiful array 
of ilic line town of Pitlsburgli, 1 can imdei'stand 
why the American women are so charming, and 
I wish to give you here the secret this afternoon. 



They never grow old, they are always young and 
charming. This was illustrated not long ago 
when a lady from Philadelphia was testifying in 
court and one of those impertinent lawyers asked 
her how old she was. She responded prompth' 
T am thirty,' Said the lawyer, ' Didn't you testify 
in this court ten years ago that you were thirt\' 
years old?' 'Yes,' she said, 'And if your Honor 
pleases, you do not suppose that I am a woman 
who will tell one thing one dav and another thintr 
another day. I stick to what I say.' 

"Now I have no extended or elaborate speech 
this afternoon, but I feel highly complimented to 
be invited here and as a Virginian to participate 
in this birthday party. I feel to-day like that old 
darkey who was accosted on the street and asked 
to change a five dollar bill. He looked up in sur- 
prise and said, 'Boss, I got no five dollars. I got 
no change, but 1 thank you for the compliment, 
nevertheless.' And while I may have no ex- 
tended or elaborate address, I thank you on behalf 
of Virginia for the compliment of being at this, 
your birthday party. It is fitting that Virginia 
should participate in these interesting and com- 
memorative exercises. Virginia was the first to 
challenge France on the American continent, first 
to claim this vast spread in the great expanse of 
territory stretching to the mighty west, to be 
English and not French, when she sent George 
Washington with a brave message from the Gov- 
ernor of Virginia claiming this vast territory and 
informing the French authorities that we would 
assert our rights with all the vigor within our 
power. 

"I wish to assure you that we rejoice in the 
great progress and prosperity which has come to 
you. When (ieorge W^ashington came to this 
place, I bclievt- it was in 1753. it was a wilderness, 
the land of wild beasts, of savages, enveloped in 
the melancholy shades of the primeval forest. 
What a wonderful change in one hundred and 
fifty vears. Now one of the most modern, pro- 
gressive and richest cities of the world. .\nd the 
storv of Pittsburgh reads more like romance than 

20) 




CHAIRMAN' OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE \V. H. STEVENSON AND GUESTS IN FRONT OF EXTOSITION HALL 
From left to right: A. B. Millar, \Vm. H. Stevenson, E. H. Babcock, Governor Stuart, Hon. James Francis Burke, O. H. Allerton, 
and Dr. E. R. Walters. 




Courtesy of Chronicle- 1 eiegmjih 

GOVERNOR STUART AND O. H. ALLERTON, PRESIDE.NT PITTSBURGH BOARD OF TRADE, ON THEIR WAV TO 
EXPOSITION HALL, ANNIVERSARY DAY, SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



(321) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



history. Were it properly told, praise would be 
the language of exaggeration. Aladdin's lamp 
has been dimmed and mightv miracles become 
commonplace through the tremendous achieve- 
ments of Pittsburgh and her citizens. There was 
no state, no colony, which expended more treasure, 
which sacrificed more brave and heroic men to 
make Pittsburgh and the west English instead of 
French, than did the colony of Virginia. Sirs, 
around this very spot was waged the first contest 
for the supremacy of the west between the French 
and the English. In all of these fierce conflicts 
the Virginia troops, commanded by the immortal 
Washington, endured privation, made exhibitions 
of valor and courage, which surrounded them and 
their commander with deathless renown, with un- 
fading luster. \"irginia may be pardoned for 
desiring to have a part in the naming and claiming 
of that lovely and rich stretch of country surround- 
ing this beautiful city. The vision of Virginia 
saw the vast development, the vast wealth, the 
vast power which must come from this great sec- 
tion. But, sirs, when the Revolutionary War 
came, and we saw that success was being endan- 
gered by disputes in connection with this territory, 
and possibly all would fail on account of this, the 
General Assembly of Virginia generously passed 
a resolution confirming to every colony in Virginia 
all they contended for in territory, and gave to this 
great nation the Northwest Territory, an empire 
in riches, hers by charter and hers by conquest, 
to cement the Union, and to make certain the 
success of the great Revolutionary War for this 
nation and for humanity. \'irginia then, as ever 
afterwards, like the proud queen, preferred to give 
and thought there was more glory in giving than 
in receiving. ]'y this generous gift of Virginia, 
Pittsburgh became the undisputed part of the 
great commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and ever 
since that time, like a gorgeous diadem of worth 
and brilliance, it has decorated the proud brow of 
Pennsylvania. 

"What memories crowd around Pittsburgh, 
what glorious memories crowd our minds to-day, 



as we stand here on this spot, the great gateway 
of the west? On account of its unsurpassed 
location it was for years the occasion of fierce 
Indian wars. For what man had ever seen and 
not coveted this rich place. For years, to obtain 
possession of this spot were directed all the ambi- 
tious schemes of the French and English cabinets. 
Through this gateway passed the great and bold 
pioneers of old who settled the west, and whose 
courage and manhood founded and built the 
comm_onwealth to-day which contributes so much 
to the national glory and the national greatness 
of our loved country. Here was a death grapple 
bet^veen France and England for the possession 
of the great valley of the Ohio and the IMississippi 
Rivers. 

"Sirs, this city stands on a high eminence. 
Clustering around it are the lives, the achievements 
and the fame of the two most illustrious men of the 
English-speaking race, William Pitt and George 
Washington. Nothing can surpass in adventure, 
nothing in privation and peril, nothing in danger 
and difficulties, that trip of George Washington, 
bearing a defiant message from the Governor of 
Virginia to the French officials so graphically 
described by your distinguished governor, when, 
accompanied by a sole companion, in the fearful 
open winter months, surrounded by warlike sav- 
ages and dangerous French foes, he crossed this 
spot. He recognized this as a favorable site for 
a fort and city, and on his recommendations the 
British power determined to place here an outpost 
for the supremacy of the west. It was George 
Washington's prudence, courage, valor and mili- 
tary genius, displayed at Braddock's defeat and 
in the great and fearless fight for the possession 
of Pittsburgh which gave him his great reputation 
in the colonies as a soldier, and that fact called 
him to the command of the .\merican colonies, 
and he was the commander of the forces of the 
.\merican colonies which brought victory and 
success to the American cause. He was present 
here one hundred and fifty years ago, and aided 
in unfurling here the British flag which effected 



(322) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



the end of France's ambitious colonial empire 
in the west. Well mi^ht we think that the 
great spirit of Washington still hovers over 
Pittsburgh, conveying to it his blessings and his 
benedictions. And may this great city be 
worthy of the great Washington in patriotism 
and public service, who aided and was present 
at its christening. 

"Sirs, this place is properly named after William 
Pitt, whose genius rescued it from the French, 
William Pitt, that masterful statesman was called 
to the command of the British Government at the 
darkest hour in British history, when defeat had 
come to the British arms in all parts of the world 
and it seemed to the despairing that the end of 
Britain's empire had come. But his genius, his 
courage, his brave heart wrought an immediate 
change, and everywhere succeess came to the 
British arms, every enemy of Britain \\as humbled. 
Even here in the far forests of America his strong 
arm and brave heart were felt when the British 
flag was unfurled here one hundred and fifty years 
ago, a tribute to his genius, his courage and his 
statesmanship. This will ever be the most fitting 
and the most everlasting monument to Pitt's power 
and to Pitt's genius, ^klonumcnts erected to him 
may crumble, loving memorials may be effaced 
by time, but each receding year, as Pittsburgh 
and the great west increase in power, adding 
luster to the genius and fame of Pitt, will show 
future generations how broadly and wisely he laid 
the foundations of British power, how glorious 
was the vision wliich the folly of other English 
statesmen subsequently destroyed. Hallowed in 
associations, I say glorious must be the heritage 
of that city around which cluster the lives of the 
two greatest men of the Anglo-Saxon race, Pitt 
and Washington. 

"At Pittsburgh are joined the waters of the 
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers forever, the 
union forming the Ohio, the Monongahela com 
ing from [W- south and the .Vllegheny from the 
north, carrying the blessings and benedictions of a 
great stretch of countrv far beyond. So tlie ma- 



jestic story of the lives of Washington and Pitt 
unite, forming an epoch in the history of the world, 
and giving an impulse to human affairs -which 
will continue through countless centuries. 

"Sirs, Virginia directs me to convey to you her 
rejoicing at the great progress and prosperity which 
have come to you, to express to you her delight at 
the great possibilities surrounding you, which bid 
and beckon you on to a higher destiny. Your 
achievements, your great contributions to na- 
tional thrift and enterprise, amply repay her for 
any expenditures she may have incurred on your 
behalf. l"he appreciation of the past must and 
will ever give Mrginia a profound interest in this 
city. She is proud of }()ur vast manufacture and 
vast commerce. While your enterprise has ex- 
tended into every continent and in every clime, she 
feels that you are still fresh with the dews of morn- 
ing and that the glory of your noonday is yet to 
come. She is proud of the illustrious men that 
you have given to the Commonwealth of Penn- 
sylvania, whose achievements have illumined not 
only the history of Pennsylvania, but have made 
resplendent the history of our common country 
the world over. She rejoices with you that on this, 
your birthday, it is also the birthday of an adopted 
son of yours, Andrew Carnegie, one of the noted 
philanthropists of tiie world, whose benefactions 
have blessed nearly every State in this union, and 
humanity the world over, and whose generous 
gifts illustrate those beautiful lines of Michael 
Angelo, the great Italian. ''Phe more the marble 
wastes, the more the statue grows.' 

"Sirs, I wish to assure you that \'irginia has 
accepted this in\-itation in no narrow and in no 
provincial and in no sectional spirit, but with a 
Ijroad, generous feeling, glorying in this mighty 
republic and glorying in the progress of every 
section and state in this union. Sirs, if there is 
anything in which Virginia rejoices it is in your 
vast contribuliiMis to the national greatness and 
the national glory. .\l the first Continental Con- 
gress, when it seemed impossible to form a union, 
it was a \'irginian who arose and in a great speech 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



stirred the hearts of the delegates and formed a 
union, Patrick Henry. 

"Speaking for Virginia — and as the Zvlayor 
introduced me in his preliminary remarks, speak- 
ing for the entire South, though we cherish to a 
passion the Confederacy and its valiant defenders, 
yet I am here to tell you that none excel us in our 
devotion to this Union, and none would make 
greater sacrifices for its glory and its greatness 
than that country. 1 respond to that beautiful 
sentiment of your Mayor when he said that all 
the passions and prejudices engendered b}' the late 
Civil War have been dissipated and superseded. 
And I am here to-day to tell you that \'irginia 
and my section rejoice that the dreadful night- 
mare of sectional hate has disappeared in the 
glorious (lawn of a reunited country. There is 
now no North, no South, no East, no West, in 
terms of division, in terms of dissension. Each 
constitutes four great columns, differing in bcautv, 
differing in stature, but united, sustaining the 
superstructure of the solid, vital Government, the 
most splendid government in the history of the 
world. Responding to you, Mr. Mayor, I wish 
to say, speaking for my State and my section, that 
when Grant stood up at Appommato.x, and in 
kindness and in generosity extended his hand to 
Lee, and when Lee grasped that friendly hand, so 
generously extended, the chasm between the North 
and South was bridged. And when the sainted 
McKinley stood up at Atlanta and in a great 
speech ad\-(HaU'(l that llu- Federal government 
should take care of the gi'aves of the Confederate 
soldiers and make their valor a common heritage 
of the nation, and when the Federal and Confed- 
erate soldiers served witli the Stars and Stripes 
jointly from Santiago to the walls of Pekin, in 
China, the partition wall between North and South 
was battered down, and we became one in love of 
llag and counlrv. '1 lie llag once rent now lloats 
without a seam. \"irginia's ambition in tiu' future, 
as it has been in the past, shall be that she may be 
one of the brightest iewels in .\merica's great 
crown of gloiy. 



"Sirs, the historical part of these commemora- 
tive exercises has been so splendidly portrayed in 
your hearing that I will not go through it, but it 
seems to me that these exercises would be poorly 
conducted and be poorly concluded if I failed on 
this occasion to recall and commemorate the glow- 
ing virtues of our fathers and the men who laid 
the foundations of this great city. One of the 
needs of this hour in this great Republic is a re- 
turn to the homely, vigorous virtues of the old 
pioneers and forefathers. We need a great revi- 
^•al of Washington's fervid patriotism. We need 
to feel as he and our fathers felt, that public 
honor is private honor, tliat public disgrace is 
private disgrace, that public failure is private 
failure, and that public success is private success. 
\Yc need to feel again, as our forefathers felt, that 
a life like that of Thomas Jefferson, governed 
absolutely by service of country, though it may 
end in feeble bankruptcy and ruin, is far prefer- 
able to a life devoted to absorbing millions to be 
scattered in frivolous enjoyments and question- 
able dissipations. We must once again put in- 
tellectual wealth above material wealth, char- 
acter above cash. We must feel once more that 
the hero of the college is not the captain of the 
ball team, but is the young man whose character 
and intellectual attainments point to a great life 
of usefulness to humanity. The time must come 
\\hen motherhood will prefer marriage and com- 
panionship with noble souls, bent on lofty pur- 
poses, and high ambitions, rather than with those 
whose sole attraction consists in their ability to 
purchase the gaudv tinsels and decorations of 
wealth. 

"Sirs, public sentiment needs awakening. Wlien 
the newspapers of our country will give two pages 
to prize fights and scarcely half a column to the 
proceedings of Congress, in response to the tastes 
of their readers, in which are debates and public 
matters of far-reaching importance. As I stand 
here to-day, and think of the beauties and elegance 
of modern life, it seems to me that each 3'ear we 
are growing more exquisite flowers; but we seem 



(324) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



to lose those great, strong, rugged oaks of character 
which were our protection in hours of strife and 
hours of stress. Sirs, our society, lii<e our furniture, 
has got too much veneer and too litde solid sub- 
stance. \\'e must learn to judge again not by 
dazzling plumage but by solid worth. We must 
appreciate that the brightest jewel that can deco- 
rate the brow of woman, surpassing the brilliance 
of beauty or wit, is purity. We must feel again 
that thrill of personal integrity, that thrill of per- 
sonal honor, and feel as the old pioneer felt, that 
the greatest crown that glorifies manhood is cour- 
age and character. This has been the great Anglo- 
Saxon stock. 

"Sirs, no nation has ever built institutions that 
have lasted that has not been noted for some par- 
ticular virtues. The Jews had virtues that made 
them potential for thousands of years. The 
Greeks and the Romans the same. WTiat are the 
two great virtues of the Anglo-Sa.xon race ? The 
old pioneers that founded Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
vania and \1rginia and the mighty West? The 
great Anglo-Sa.xon race had two great virtues first 
mentioned by Julius Caesar in his commentaries 
on our ancestors from the wild woods of northern 
Europe, northern Germany. He said they had 
two great virtues, pure womanhood and brave 
manhood. The Anglo-Saxon greatness has been 
built on the purity of the woman and the courage 
of the men. It was found in the wild barbarians. 
But by clinging to pure womanhood and brave 
manhood we have the best in the civilizations of 
the world to-day through the inheritance from 
our great ancestors of these great primal virtues- 
Let us feel like the men felt who founfled Pitts- 
burgh and this great Commonwealth: that the 
bugle call to battle and duty is ever more ])rcssing 
in their hearts than the dinner gong inviting to a 
feast and revelry. These arc the virtues I would 
ask you to-day to perpetuate in commemorative 
and patriotic exercises like these. 

"Sirs, I have already detained you longer than 
I had desired or expected to do. In conclusion, 
let each and every one of us, in whatever lines 



our lives may lie, in whatever sections we may live, 
crown it with the memories of a glorious past, 
thrilled and stirred by the achievements of our 
great ancestors, stirred by the possibilities of a 
great future. Feeling our responsibility, let each 
and every one of us, with faces towards the future, 
determine to discharge the great responsibility 
placed on us by our common country, and let 
each one of us resolve to aid this mighty republic 
to advance along the pathway of justice, equality, 
progress, and Christianity." 

:\Ir. A. J. Kelly, Jr.: "It is the regret of this 
committee that notable Pittsburghers and also 
those from abroad could not have been with us. 
We expected to have two especially notable per- 
sons, one from abroad, a representative of the 
Pitt family. And he has remembered us to-day, 
although matters over which he had no control 
prevented him from being here. His telegram 
addressed to his Honor Mayor Gutlirie, and dated 
to-day saj-s: 'I heartily wish Pittsburgh con- 
tinued prosperit}-. Charles Pitt-Taylor." We 
have one of our own adopted citizens, a man who 
has done mucli for the city, and who stands pre- 
eminently in every good thing which we enjoy. 
It is his birthday. We could not have him here 
to-day, but the committee could not do less 
than send him a telegram congratulating him 
on his birthday, being the birthday, also, of 
Pittsburgh, and we have a telegram from him as 
follows: 

" '.\nniversary Committee, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
vaniii. Many tlianks for vour kind consjatula- 
tions. I desire on Pittsburgh 's natal day to express 
my warmest wish for her prosperity, for her pro- 
gress anfl ele\-ation. May she become a city to 
which tile people of the world will turn and ap- 
plaud as an example to her fellow man.' Signed 
.\ndrew Carnegie." 

The Pittsburgh Orchestra then rendered the 
"Dedication March" by Ad. M. Foerster, after 
which Mrs. Amanda \'ierheller sang "Home 
Sweet Home" by Benedict, and the "Star Span- 
gled Banner" bv Kcv. 



(325) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



EVENING SESSION 

After the rendition by the Pittsburgh Orchestra 
of the overture "Dedication of the House" by 
Beethoven, the evening session, which was at- 
tended by about 3,000 persons, was called to 
order by Chairman A. J. Kelly, Jr., at 8:15 in 
the following words: "Ladies and Gentlemen: 
True to the tradition of all Anglo-Saxon races, 
after the taking of Fort Pitt by the English there 
were established here churches. Among these 
churches the first established was the Roman 
Catholic church and the Protestant church repre- 
sented by the Presbyterians. The Rev. Dr. 
Maitland Alexander of the First Presbyterian 
church, representing the Presbyterians, asked 
the invocation this afternoon; and following up 
that which was inaugurated from the first on 
the 27th of September last, the opening of the 
exercises of this kind by the invocation looking 
to the Almighty for His blessing, we have with us 
to-night the Rev. Father P. J. O'Connor of St. 
Mary of Mercy church, who will now ask the 
invocation." 

PRAYER OF FATHER O 'CONNOR 

"Oh God, the Creator and Lord of all men, 
look down this day upon us who are gathered to 
celebrate in humble and grateful acknowledg- 
ment Thy bounty and goodness toward us. Thou 
has graciously prospered this portion of Thine 
inheritance, this city of Pittsburgh, and inspired 
and endowed the genius of its sons and daughters 
until it is called the workshop of the world. We 
oEfer and consecrate to Thee this day the services 
of its citizens. Accept, O Lord, the labors 
and the toils of its workmen and artisans and as 
Thou has blessed and prosix-red them in the past 
so we beseech Thee to bless and prosper them 
in tlic future." 

MK. A. J. Kl.l.l.V. JK. 

••Ladies and Gentlemen: The exercises of 
this afternoon were intended to be and were given 



over principally to music. But those who were 
here know that we had both music and oratory. 
The plan was that this evening should be given 
over principally to oratory as a fitting conclusion 
to these exercises which will carry us over until 
to-morrow. Thanksgiving day, according to tra- 
dition, was observed the next day after the taking 
of the fort, and it is a coincidence that I dare 
say few of us thought of that when this day was 
set aside to be observed as the anniversary day 
the following day would be Thanksgiving. This 
movement was started in Councils through the 
Mayor, and our honorable Mayor appointed a 
committee of seventy to map out a plan of work. 
How well it has been planned and how well it 
has been carried out the citizens must declare for 
themselves. To-day is the crown of the exer- 
cises, and we meet to-night to close the final 
exercises of the celebration, and the ^Liyor who 
appointed these committees and who started 
this undertaking and who stood nobly by the 
movement from the time it started and will stand 
by it until it ends, is with us to-night and will pre- 
side, and therefore I have the great privilege and 
honor of introducing our honored Mayor, George 
W. Guthrie." 

ADDRESS OF MAYOR GUTHRIK 

"Ladies and Gendemen, Pittsburghers and 
Guests of Pittsburgh : It is proper that the crown- 
ing night of our Sesqui-Centennial celebration 
should be devoted to historical discourses. So 
that when we lea\-e here we may leave witli our 
minds refreshed with reflections of the deeds 
which have been done, the glories that have been 
achieved by our ancestors, and those who shared 
in the foundations of Pittsburgh and bringing 
it to the great state of prosperity which it now 
enjoys. It is fitting that we should be taught to 
remember the great men we have given to the 
nation and to the world, and to the service we 
have given in the uplift of humanity. But we 
should remember always that the past should 



(326) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



be but a lamp to light us to the future. Our 
faces should be turned not to the past but to the 
future. A people who have accepted a memory 
instead of a hope, however glorious the memory 
may be, a people who have accepted contentment 
instead of aspiration, have already become de- 
cadent. It is the history of the heathen races 
that they wrapped themselves in the memory of 
a glorious past and forgot the duty and the call 
to the future. The past is great as it furnishes 
to us a means to obtain still more noble greatness. 
Over the portal of the ducal palace of Venice is 
this inscription: 'Strong and just, I have put the 
furies under my throne, and my foot upon the seat." 

"Strong and just. That should be the mo- 
tive of a great people. Strong to protect the 
weak, strong to control the wrongdoer, no matter 
how strongly and deeply entrenched in power, 
the strength which can hear the voice of the weak- 
est and can face undisturbed the anger of the 
strongest. And over all, the banner of equal 
justice for all. Upon such a standard, upon 
such a principle, a great people can build a struc- 
ture which will be greater, more glorious, than 
any nation or city of the past. And so, remember- 
ing the past, drawing from the inspiration of the 
great who have gone before us, let us face for- 
ward, and, undisturbed by difficulties, meet the 
responsibilities which rest upon us as leaders of 
a great republic with our hearts and consciences 
filled w^ith a determination that in this great na- 
tion every child born shall have an equal right 
and equal opportunity, shall receive equal pro- 
tection from law. And so moving forward 
irresistibly until we have lifted humanity to that 
great stature wliicli God in liis loving Providence 
intended for us all. 

"I have the pleasure of introducing to you as 
the first speaker the Hon. Hampton L. Carson, 
ex-attorney general of the State of Pennsylvania." 

ADDRESS OF HO.V. HAMPTON L. CARSON 

"Mr. Mayor and Citizens of Pittsburgh: I 
bring with me, from the extreme eastern bound- 

(32 




HON. HAMPTON L. CARSON 
Guest of Pittsburgh during Sesqui-Centennial 



ary of the Commonwealth, the felicitations of 
the City of Brotherly Love. To-night Philadel- 
phia clasps hands with Pittsburgh, and offers 
her congratulations upon this auspicious celebra- 
tion of one hundred and fifty years of marvelous 
life. 

"No one of the original thirteen colonies can 
boast of a more dramatic history than Pennsyl- 
vania, and no city within the State can tell a more 
romantic story of her origin than Pittsburgh. It 
forms an important passage in a thrilling chapter, 
and makes a distinct achievement in the progress 
of liberty. American history is not a tale of acci- 
dental or fortuitous circumstances. Xo age, 
however productive of apparently strange and 
sudden results, stands unrelated to the ages that 
preceded or followed it, and whether the centuries 
be of silk or iron, of ease or sloth, of blood and 
violence, or of law and order, their character- 
istic phenomena can only be explained by a care- 
ful analysis of all that has gone before. The 
present is the child of the past; the future will be 
the offspring of the present. In this sense that 
great movement known in history as the Ameri- 
can Revolution forms but a single chapter in the 



7) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



volume of human fate, and your history as a city 
is bound up witli the influences and the events 
which led to the American Revolution. 

"The task of describing in detail the circum- 
stances attending the birth of your city has been 
intrusted to the distinguished diplomat who will 
follow me — a man known and honored through- 
out the world. My duty is to sketch in general 
oudines the policies and issues which were involved 
in the great struggle between England and France 
for supremacy upon the continent of America. 

"Let us glance first at the battlefield. Imagine 
a map of Pennsylvania hung upon the wall. There 
is the Delaware on the eastern side, terminating 
in a great bay below which gives it access to the 
ocean; it reaches on the northwestern corner to 
Lake Erie, and is provided with an outlet, so far 
as our western commerce is concerned, by the 
great rivers of the Allegheny and Alonongahela, 
which, united, make the Ohio and give us communi- 
cation with the valley of the Mississippi; it is 
bisected in the north and center by the branches 
of the Susquehanna and these, uniting, flow tlirough 
the heart of the Commonwealth into the Chesa- 
peake Bay. Nature provided waters which consti- 
tuted for manv years natural highways upon which 
military and commercial movements took place 
of the utmost significance to the State and to the 
nation, and this accounts for much in our history. 

"A glance at the map will show you that the 
northern branch of the Suscjuehanna rises in the 
State of New York; that the .\llegheny itself 
rises in the southwestern part of New York, and 
you see at once the natural highways which at 
that time were controlled by the French and the 
Indians who were uikKt l-'mirh iloininion, and 
you have but little difl'iculty in perceiving why it 
was that the French and Indian wars were so 
largely fought upon Pennsylvania's soil. 

"Superimpose upon the map of Pennsylvania 
a map of the United States. Observe that on 
the riglit hand upper corner appears the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence with the long stretch of the St. Law- 
rence River running in a northeasterly direc- 



tion, connecting with the great chain of lakes be- 
ginning with Ontario and ending with Superior — 
Lake Erie located at the front of the territory on 
the northwest being one of the most important 
links. Following the lines of the St. Lawrence 
and the shores of the lakes, a magnificent body 
of water extending for more than twelve hundred 
miles, we find the whole in the possession of the 
French, with forts extending from Quebec to 
Montreal and from Montreal to Detroit. These 
forts were not along the northern shores of the 
great Lakes alone, but extended along the south- 
ern shores of Ontario and of Erie, and the Presque 
Isle, and in the immediate neighborhood of 
the present city of Erie there was a fort. The 
French, with a talent for engineering quite remark- 
able, extended their line of forts down the valley 
of the ..Allegheny River to the very spot where 
we stand to-night, the fort being known as Fort 
Duquesne. The French, with their allies, the 
Indians, were able to glide down the valley of 
the .\lleghen}' and throw their forces through 
the mountain passes upon the peaceful settle- 
ments made in the southwestern corner of the 
State, and many were the outrages perpetrated 
by excited Indians under the leadership of the 
great Indian Chief Pontiac. The contests were 
frightful and sanguinary when viewed from the 
standpoint of that day. 

"Observe now that you come to the consider- 
ation of a fact of supreme importance — the 
fact that two giTat nations, the English and the 
French, arc facing each other on Pennsylvania's 
soil in the conquest for supremacy upon this con- 
tinent, the left wing of the line of battle being on 
the western border, — a battle line a thousand 
miles long, extending through five degrees of 
latitude and twelve degrees of longitude. 

" Turn now to the contestants. On the one 
side stood the sons of France, brave, chivalrous, 
soldierlike, and daring, claiming the vast terri- 
tories thrown open to them by the discoveries 
of Cartier, Champlain, LaSalle, and D 'Iberville, 
from the mouths of the St. Lawrence to the mouths 



(328) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



of the ^lississippi, fired by the ambitious dreams 
of Louis XR', and strengthened by alliances with 
the Indian tribes. On the other side stood the 
sons of England, men of Saxon blood, sustained 
by Celts, Dutch and Germans, — children of 
misfortune and persecution, seeking in the wilder- 
ness freedom of conscience, and carving out for 
themselves the first rude forms of popular govern- 
ment, wedded to the maxims of English law, 
trained in the lessons of self-reliance; the one 
valiant and devoted, but weakened by the vices, 
the follies and extravagances of the Pompadour 
and Versailles, the creatures of a centralized, 
hierarchical, and despotic administration; the other 
sturdy and stolid, but resting upon Magna Charta, 
the Bill of Rights, the Habeas Corpus Act, and mem- 
ories of Naseby and ^larston ^loor. Behold 1 the 
chivalry of France, and the yeomanry of America. 

"Affairs in the ^Mother Country had sunk to 
the lowest ebb. France had combined with Aus- 
tria and Russia against England and Prussia. The 
administration of Walpole had fallen into ruins. 
The Duke of Newcastle was in the chair of state, 
dull, incapable, slothful and rapacious only for 
official spoils. Never had England known deeper 
humiliation. Minorca was lost, and the English 
navy was in disgrace through the cowardice of 
Admiral BATig. 

"Then, under the Providence of God, there 
stepped to the front a man loiown to history as 
the Great Commoner, — an orator of surpassing 
power, of withering invective, and destructive 
sarcasm, a man of immense and tireless energy, 
dauntless courage and of stainless purity, a man 
who fearlessly seized upon the reins of power and 
wielded the resources of England with vigor and 
success; he conquered India through Sir Robert 
Clive and Sir Ejtc Coote; he swept the seas 
through the victories of Boscawen and Lord 
Hawke; he humiliated France upon the fields of 
Crevelt and Mindcn; he gave Forbes, Amherst, 
Wolfe and Howe to the service of this country. 
His fame will live as long'as this citv shall stand, 
for his name was William Pitt. 



"There was another man ^\•ho stood in close 
relationship to your local as well as national his- 
tory. AMien the American Revolution came, as 
it did but sixteen years after the French and In- 
dian Wars, the world had never witnessed such 
a scene. It had looked upon violence and dis- 
order, bloodshed and anarchy, riot, arson, and 
murder; capitols had smoked and palaces had 
been burned, cathedrals had been sacked, images 
had been broken ; kings had been brought to the 
block, nobles had been exiled in the mad upris- 
ing of an infuriated people against a hated t}Tanny ; 
the fagot, the torch, the axe, and the scaffold 
had been the familiar weapons of the Revolution; 
the world, in less than thirty years, was to see the 
son of sixty kings led out in the finest public square 
of the fairest city of the earth, to die for the in- 
justice which his race had done during eight cen- 
turies of misrule. But no Anarchists Clottz or 
Camille Desmoulins incited the American patriots 
to rebellion. The Congress of 1774 deserved 
the praise of the great English Earl of Chatham: 
'For myself I must declare and avow that in all 
my observation of men and reading of history — 
and it has been my favorite study — ■ I have read 
Thucydides and studied and admired the master 
statesmen of the world — that for solidity of rea- 
soning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion, 
under such a combination of difficult circumstances 
no nation or body of men can stand in preference 
to the General Congress of Philadelphia.' 

"Who was to be the leader at this awful hour? 
Wliat man merely mortal could be found equal 
to all the requirements of this holy call to duty? 

"A man was needed of experience and capac- 
it}- in military matters, not merely with the cour- 
age to die at the head of his troops, or one familiar 
with the art of war, but one of sufficient ability 
to take the scattered, unarmed and undisciplined 
provincial bands, — the Minute men of Concord, 
the backwoodsmen of Virginia, the farmers of 
Pennsylvania, and mould them into an army fit 
to face the finest soldiery of Europe; a man whose 
reputation would override the rivalries of local 



(329) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



leaders, whom all would -willingly hail as chief, 
whose character would command the respect 
and confidence not only of the army but of Con- 
gress and the people, a man of such moral com- 
pleteness of character as to combine courage 
with caution, firmness with power to yield, patience 
with fortitude, with judgment to meet the arduous 
duties of battle, and skill to unravel the tangled 
questions of the Council; a man of well balanced 
mind rather than of dazzling qualities, one who 
could animate the faint-hearted, restrain the 
impetuous, rebuke the quarrelsome, repress the 
mutinous, reconcile the jealous, overawe the am- 
bitious, punish the refractory, unmask the treach- 
erous, and one of inexhaustible faith in the great 
cause. Such a man was found, his name is pre- 
cious to you, and it is that of George Washington. 

"The age in which he lived, like that of Magna 
Charta, the rise of the Dutch Republic, and the 
Revolution in England, marked a distinct epoch 
in the development of constitutional freedom. 
The task of forming a system of republican lib- 
ert\- out of thirteen distinct and sovereign com- 
munities, defining the powers of a national gov- 
ernment in a written constitution for the accom- 
plishment of the great objects of human society, 
and capable of indefinite expansion, had never 
been attempted. But the statesmen of our Rev- 
olution proved equal to the task, and their work, 
more than any other work of human hands, most 
closely resembles the architecture of the heavens. 
Each local jurisdiction moves in an orbit of its 
own, while all revolve about the Federal Consti- 
tution as a central sun. 

"Under the benign inOuence of such a govern- 
nu'nt law and order asserted their sway. Moral 
as well as legal obligations were recognized, debts 
were paid, and industry and economy were 
practiced by the people. Schools and colleges 
were established, religious and charilahle insti- 
tutions were founded, philanthropy went down 
into the bolted dungeons of crime, disease, death, 
and ignorance, and, with an angel's touch, un- 
sealed the prison doors. Mighty blows were 



dealt at the follies and abuses of the law, and a 
system of jurisprudence was built up, liberal, 
learned and profound. Then science arose like 
the morning star to usher in a glorious day; com- 
merce spread her wings and flew from hemisphere 
to hemisphere; mechanics, arts and physics, 
sprung forth like giants fully armed, while human 
slavery was flung into the bottomless pit. The 
prophecy of Milton was realized: "]\Iethinks 
I see in my mind a noble and puissant nation 
rousing herself like a strong man after a sleep, 
and shaking her invincible locks; methinks I see 
her as an eagle, mewing her mighty youth, and 
kindling her undazzled eyes at the full midday 
beam." 

"As we gaze at this varied spectacle, this marvel 
of industry and enterprise, of moral elevation, 
of achievement, of unconquerable determination 
to win, as we look at the great cities which crowd 
our land, — New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, 
Boston, St. Louis, San Francisco, Pittsburgh, — 
the Greater Pittsburgh, — • an industrial queen, 
with their libraries, museums, colleges, halls, 
hospitals, markets, docks, shipyards, factories, 
railroads, mills, and myriad millions, embodying 
all that is old and all that is new, all that is dead 
and all that is alive, as we cast up the wealth of 
the nation, computing the experience, the thought, 
the blood, the toil, the anguish of two thousand 
years; when we recall all that our institutions 
have cost, all that they mean, all that they have 
been, all that they now arc, all that they may be- 
come, does not the question leap to our lips, What 
is the secret of this marvelous success, what is 
the clue to this mystery, what is the answer to this 
modern Sphinx? .Vnd the answer must be, be- 
cause America has never lost faith in the supreme 
idea that God has made man free, that no human 
power has authority to chain his body or his mind, 
because she has recognized tlial in the depths of 
the conscience of every citizen, — of the humblest 
as well as the highest, — there is a sentiment, 
sublime, sacred, imdestructible, incorruptible, 
eternal, — the sentiment of right, a sentiment 



(330) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



which is the very element of reason within man, 
the granite of the human conscience, the rock 
upon which shall split and go to pieces all the 
iniquities, the hypocrisies, the bad laws and bad 
governments of the world; and so, with unfalter- 
ing trust in human progress, climbing nearer and 
still nearer to the source of all good, drawing with- 
out stint upon the ancient and modern world for 
material for thought, and assimilating these with 
the products of her own soil, she has grown in 
every direction, and to-day embodies in her science, 
her thought, discoveries, inventions, enterprises, 
finance, statesmanship, and the giant toil of her 
sons in every country of the earth, all the intellec- 
tual, moral and educational forces that propel 
mankind. 

" "Thy sun has risen and shall not set. 

Upon thy day divine. 

Ages of unborn ages yet. 

America, are thine.'" 

Following the address of 'bJh. Carson the Pitts- 
burgh Orchestra rendered "Capriccio Italien" 
by Tschaikowsky. At the conclusion of this 
number there was great applause and Governor 
Stuart congratulated Conductor Paur. 

Mayor Guthrie: "Ladies and Gentlemen, 
the ne.xt speaker is one who had the honor to 
represent his country ably and honorably for 
twelve years, part of the time as Ambassador 
to the Court of St. Petersburg, and part of the 
time as Ambassador to the Court of Berlin, the 
Hon. Charlemagne Tower." 

ADDRESS OF HON. CHARLEMAGNE TOW'ER 

"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: It 
is not only an act of patriotism on the part of the 
people of Pittsburgh to celebrate the occasion 
of which the one hundred fiftieth anniversary has 
assembled us here, but it is your unquestionable 
right to recall with national pride the incidents 
which took place at the middle of the eighteenth 
century around the waters of the Monongahela 
and the Ohio Rivers, the central and objective 
point of which was Fort Duqucsnc. and the im- 




HON. CHAKLEM.JiGNK TUWER 
Guest of Pitlsbur!;li during Sc.^fiui-Ccnlcnnial 

mediate result of which was the foundation of the 
great city that occupies its site to-day. This is 
a sentiment that is shared by all Pennsylvanians ; 
indeed, by all American citizens in every part of 
the Union. 

"The capture of Fort Duquesne b}' General 
Forbes, one hundred fifty years ago to-day, was a 
deed of valor and a most remarkable incident 
of devotional self-sacrifice to the interests of the 
country, — it was far more also than that, — - for, 
in its results it is to be classed amongst the achieve- 
ments of very first importance in our colonial 
liistory, amidst the foundation stones of American 
civilization upon which are built up the traditions, 
the thought and the political development of the 
United States of to-day. The taking of Fort 
Duquesne broke through the barriers that had 
been erected against English colonization in this 
country; it opened the way beyond the Ohio and 
along the Mississippi to the further progress of 
our own people, and it was a critical point in 
those operations of self defense, which, culminating 
a few years later in the fall of Quebec, decided 
definitely that the civilization of this whole con- 
tinent w-as to be Anglo-Sa.xon, that the English 
language should be established here, that Anglo- 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Saxon ideas should lie at the basis of our growth, 
that English literature should disseminate English 
traditions, and the English common law in the 
administration of justice should extend the prnici- 
ples of liberty and independence to the Pacific 
Ocean. It was at the forks of the Ohio that the 
blow was struck which made a breach in French 
domination, and after that the tide of French 
supremacy continued to recede on this continent. 

"Few people nowadays stop to reflect that 
the contests of that period which were fought out 
within our own borders and through the forests 
of Pennsylvania, which aroused violent and bitter 
hostility between the French in Canada and the 
inhabitants of our o\\ti colonies, leading to untold 
misery and death on either side, and reddening 
often with the blood of both the tomahawk of 
the Delawares, the Shawanese and the Senecas, 
was the outcome of an old-\vorld quarrel that had 
its origin in Europe, and had been carried on for 
a century or more by the jealousy and rivalry be- 
tween the governnunl of Great Britain and the 
subjects and allies of the King of France. 

"English and French rivalry had crossed the 
Atlantic and in the course of events had led to the 
incidents which attract our interest to-day in the 
contest for dominion on ihu continent of Xorth 
America. 

"Treaties of peace had lulled hostilities from 
time to time, but they were compacts that did not 
make for real and pcrmament peace, because 
nrither [\u- ambition nor the cupidity of tlie parties 
on either side was satisfied. So that, when the 
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, intended to allay the 
grievances of the time and fix the boundaries of 
English and French control in .\merica, was signed 
in 1748, Englishmen were enraged at its terms, 
which made concessions to France tlirough which 
they felt that they had suffered humiliation and 
disgrace as well as intolerable loss of territor\- on 
the American continent, and tlu-y awaited the day 
when they hoped that all their wrongs might 
avenged. 

On their side, the French were alert and watch 



je 



ful for the new outbreak of war, which they knew 
to be, under the present condition of public feeling, 
only a question of time. Their object of chief 
importance in America was the strengthening of 
their lines of communication as well as the holding 
of actual possession of the territory, from Quebec, 
by a union of their posts, on the Mississippi, to 
their settlements in Louisiana. They had alreadv 
erected a fortification on the Ohio at the mouth 
of the Wabash, and by the year 1753 a connected 
line of forts extended from Montreal to the mouth 
of French Creek, in Pennsylvania, where the 
town of Franklin now stands, which was called 
Venango, a name given to that stream by the Sen- 
ecas; one of the most important of these being 
that at Presque Isle, upon the site of the present 
city of Erie. 

"This was the situation when, in the summer of 
1754, an expedition was sent out by the Governor 
of \'irginia in order to oppose the encroachments 
of the French, to proceed with all haste to the con- 
fluence of the Allegheny and the Monongahela, 
where the Ohio compan}- had begun to construct 
a fortified trading post, and to hold possession of 
that point against any advances made in that 
direction by the agents of France. This small 
expedition carried out by a force of from three 
hundred to four hundred men with ten cannons 
and eighty barrels of powder, has an especial 
interest for all Americans, because it was com- 
manded by Major George Washington, who held 
his commission from Governor Dinwiddle, and 
whose instructions were, 'To capture, kill or 
destroy all persons who should attempt to impede 
his operations.' 

"This was in the early part of the year 1754; 
but, in the meantime, the French at Presque Isle 
and French Creek were preparing also for the 
occupation of the head of the Ohio, by the equip- 
ment of a much superior force, wliich set out early 
in the spring with from six hundred to eight 
himdred men, well provided with the necessary 
implements and provisions for the campaign, and 
eighteen pieces of artillery. 



(332) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



"It WHS commanded by Monsieur de Contre- 
coeur, who appeared with his forces on the 17th 
of April, 1754, before the unfinished and totally 
undefended post of the Ohio Company. He 
occupied it without resistance and took possession 
of it in the name of the King of France. Contrc- 
coeur set out immediately to strengthen his position 
in such a manner as to resist all attacks that might 
be made upon liim. considering as he did that the 
important control of the Ohio River had now been 
permanently won for France, and that henceforth 
French domination of the Mississippi and the 
western countr\- was assured. In order to fix a 
garrison, therefore, upon this commanding point 
at the frontier of that great territory, he employed 
the services of the Chevalier de Mercier, an officer 
of engineers who accompanied his e.xpedition, 
under whose skillful direction the works were 
completed, — and in May, 1754, about a month 
after his arrival, Contrecoeur established himself 
securely within his fort, which he named Duquesne, 
in honor of the French Governor- General of Can- 
ada, the ^larquis de Duquesne de MenneviUe, a 
Captain in the Royal Navy, descended from a 
family of sailors, amongst whom was Admiral 
Duquesne, a famous sea fighter under the reign 
of Louis XI\'. 

"Such was the origin of the military post des- 
tined to play so important a part during the next 
f<jur years, and to occujjy forever a central point 
of interest in American colonial historv. the down- 
fall of which, in 1758, was the cause of tiie events 
thart we ha\-e come here to celebrate. 

"The fort itself, weak and insignificant as it 
appears to us when compared with the great mon- 
uments of military archilcctUR' thai ha\c become 
famous in history, and contemptible as a bulwark 
against the artillery of modern times, was quite 
strong enough, nexertheless, if held by a suitable 
garrison, to withstand any attacks that were 
likely to \)v madi' u]iiin it, — to resist the musket 
balls of the ancient llint-locks or the four pound 
sliot of the few cannon that must be dragged wiili 
almost indescribable labor and patience through 



hundreds of miles of untrodden forests to reach 
it. And yet, the men who attacked and defended 
this little block-house were engaged in very real 
war; they carried it on with a degree of manly 
self-sacrifice that is amazing to read of, — and the 
stake that they were contending for was the con- 
trol of an empire. 

"Fort Duquesne was situated on the east side 
of the Monongahela at the point formed by its 
junction with the Allegheny. The old drawings 
of it that we still possess in our historical archives 
show it to have been a parallelogram with its four 
sides facing nearly to the points of the compass; 
it was one hundred and fiftv feet on its longest 
sides by one hundred and twenty on the shorter; 
built of squared logs, it was protected about its 
outer line by a strong stockade twelve feet high 
made of logs a foot in diameter and firmly driven 
into the ground. Outside of this stockade was 
a shallow ditch extending completely around it 
and beyond the ditch a second stockade, twenty- 
feet high, built in the manner of the first and sol- 
idly embanked with earth. There were two gates 
strongly framed of s(|uared logs, and its magazine, 
built likewise of squared timber, deeply sunk into 
the ground, w^as covered on top with a coating of 
potter's clay about four feet thick. 

"Contrecoeur, with a few ofliicers and some fortv 
or fifty men. li\-ed in the fort itself, whilst bark 
cabins were Ijuilt around it on the outside for the 
rest of the garrison and extensive preparations 
were made for their support and comfort. Kitchen 
gardens were planted on the .\llcgheny, mills 
erected on the Monongahela and a large corn field 
was laid out for a f|uarter of a mile along each 
bank. In addition lo this, the woods were all 
cut down about the place, so that there was not 
left even a clump of bushes to cover up a skulking 
Indian or con;eal the approach of the enemy. 

"When Contrecoeur occupied the post in April, 
1754, he had under lii< command a force of nearly 
a thousand men, against which the little expedition 
that Wasliington was leading toward the same 
])()int could make no stand, even by way of defense. 



(333) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



to say nothing of undertaking to dislodge the 
French by force from the goal that they had al- 
ready attained. 

"Washington had arrived at Bedford when 
news reached liim of Contrecouer's success. Al- 
though his men were disheartened by the circum- 
stances that had so suddenly shattered their trust 
he determined to hold his ground with the forlorn 
hope that reinforcements would still reach him 
from Virginia. Almost driven to desperation, 
he entrenched himself at a point on the great 
meadows, which, for lack of ammunition, pro- 
visions and the ordinary rerjuirements of life, he 
called Fort Necessity, but where he was easily 
captured by a strong detachment sent by Contre- 
coeur from Fort Duquesne, and although the 
Frenchmen permitted him to march out with the 
honors of war, Washington was forced to see his 
expedition totally defeated, and on the fourth of 
July, 1754, the date which twenty-two years later 
was to open the way for him to fame and immortal 
achievement, to the first place in the hearts of his 
countrymen, he turned his face toward home, 
disappointed of his purpose, dejected and mortified 
at the consciousness of failure and defeat. 

"Mr. Bancroft saj's, 'At that moment in the 
whole valley of the ^vlississippi to its head waters 
in the Alleghanies, no standard floated l)ut that 
of France.' 

"The news of this reverse was received in Eng- 
land with a feeling of consternation that soon led 
to a movement of deep resentment toward tlie 
French, who, whilst they made an ostentatious 
display of their good faith in keeping the peace of 
Ai.\-la-Chapcllc into which they had entered with 
Great Britain, were secretly accumulating in 
Canada a force strong enough, when the day 
should come for reopening hostilities, to claim 
supremacy in the colonies. 

"Public sentiment ran so high in London that, 
at the suggestion of the King, Parliament voted 
;^4,ooo,ooo for colonial purposes, and it was 
decided to send to .\mcrica an expedition stronger 
and better erjuipped than any British force that 



had ever been in the country before. Every 
effort was strained throughout the remainder of 
the year 1754 to prepare the equipment, secure 
arms, ammunition and supplies, and provide the 
transports for the body of soldiers who were ulti- 
mately sent off from England and landed in Vir- 
ginia during the early part of 1755, under com- 
mand of General Braddock, whose task assigned 
to him by the Home Government was to re- 
conquer the whole continent and restore it to the 
domain of Great Britain. 

"It is not my purpose to recall to you to-day 
the incidents so familiar to you all, as they are to 
every student of Pennsylvania history, of the 
expedition of General Braddock — how it cut its 
way from Alexandria b}- Cumberland and Win- 
chester into the forests of Pennsylvania, in three 
divisions under Halket, Gage and Dunbar, on 
its way to the Ohio River — or how, after having 
advanced within ten or twelve miles of Fort 
Duquesne, it was surrounded and entrapped by 
the forces of Contrecoeur. General Braddock 
himself having been killed, and after a struggle 
of almost unexampled ferocity, more than half 
of his officers and men having been left either 
wounded or dying on the field, the expedition was 
completely defeated, only a small remnant having 
been able to find its way back to Philadelphia. 

"These incidents, though very full of interest, 
must not detain us, because Braddock's campaign 
is a sufficiently large subject to be treated by itself, 
and our remaining time must be devoted to the 
consideration of the ne.\t succeeding campaign 
under General Forbes, which won the prize and 
finally occupied Fort Duquesne. 

"General Jolin Forbes was a Scotchman by 
birth, who, though liaving been educated for the 
medical profession, had entered the British army 
and become a lieutenant in the Scots Dragoons; 
having distinguished himself by his services and 
having advanced to the rank of Quartermaster- 
General under the Duke of Bedford, he was made 
a Brigadier- General and sent with the forces to 
America, in the year 1758, when he was forty- 



(334) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



eight years of age. It was determined, on account 
of his devotion to his profession as well as his 
known ability and resource in overcoming the 
obstacles of war, to entrust the new expedition to 
him. Every effort was made to supply him with 
the necessary force and equipment with which to 
snatch linally the much-coveted post on the Alle- 
gheny. His army was to consist of about 7,000 
men. Sir John St. Clair was selected on account 
of his familiarity with the frontier to assist him- 
being promoted for that purpose to the rank of 
Colonel, by which arrangement, as ]Mr. Pitt 
WTOte to Governor Denny, of Pennsylvania, the 
British Government had determined 'to repair 
the losses and disappointments of the last inactive 
and unhappy campaign.' 

"St. Clair joined General Forbes in New York, 
whence they proceeded together to Philadelphia 
to prepare a plan for the undertaking, with a force 
at their command nearlv three times as larsre as 
that of Braddock had been — made up of 2,700 
Pennsylvanians, — 1,200 Royal Highlanders, who 
had come with Forbes from England, 350 regular 
British troops raised for colonial service called 
Royal Americans, 1,000 men from Delaware, 
Maryland and North Carolina, with 1,600 \'ir- 
ginians under command of Colonel Washington. 

"In the course of the summer of 1758, the ex- 
pedition began to concentrate. On the 3d of July 
Washington was at Fort Cumberland, about 
thirty miles south of Bedford, whilst Colonel 
Bouquet, who was second in command to General 
Forbes, reached Bedford, some 100 miles east of 
Fort Duquesne, in advance of the main body, 
about the same time. The first serious question 
to Ijc decided at this point was as to tlie route that 
should be taken towanl tlie West, in regard to 
which Washington wrote to liouijuet, strongly 
urging the adoption of the old road that had been 
followed by Braddock, because, for one reason 
at least, it would not be practical to Iniild a new 
one that season. But Bouquet convinced Gen- 
eral Forbes that his plan was best, and conse- 
quently with the General's consent, he ordered 



Colonel James Burd, of the Pennsylvania troops, 
to cut a way through the forests to Loyal Hanna 
and build a stockade there. 

"It is not definitely known why it was that 
Forbes came to this decision about the road, 
though it has been suggested, and with some show 
of likelihood, that Bouquet wished to avoid the 
effect upon his men of being obliged to follow 
Braddock's road to defeat, and it is probable also 
that he wished to keep open a direct line of com- 
munication with Philadelphia, his principal base 
of supplies, and not to take the Pennsylvania 
farmers out of their own pro\-ince, as they would 
have to do if they followed the line of Braddock, 
who, it will be remembered, had entered from 
\'irginia. The line adopted ran from Bedford 
to Westmoreland over the Laurel Mountain and 
across Laurel Run to Loyal Hanna, thence over 
the Chestnut ridge between the waters of the 
Sewickley and Turtle Creek to the .Mlegheny 
and Fort Duquesne. 

'Tt was a long and weary march, and amid the 
difliculties of clearing the brush, cutting down 
heavy trees and bridging o\er the swamps, Forbes 
could move only at a snail's pace, deeming him- 
self fortunate if he could push forward with his 
soldiers, camp equipment and his thousand wag- 
oners even five or six miles a day. At Shippens- 
burg, in August, he wrote to Mr. Peters: 'I know- 
that your coffeehouse people will make their 
remarks freely, why I don't proceed ; — but they 
must talk, although I must take my own way.' 
He complained of the lack of interest taken by 
the inhabitants of the province themselves, which 
caused disappointment often and serious delay, 
saying: 'The great reason is, the horril)le roguery 
and rascality of the country ])e()ple. who did not 
at all fulfill their contracts and agreements neither 
in carriages or horses. For in the place of carry- 
ing two thousand pounds weight they never had 
above fourteen or fifteen hundred, and in place 
of twelve days made twenty of their journeys, by 
which our magazines were disappointed at our 
daily consumption at Raystown must have fallen 



(335) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



upon them (the magazines) had I pushed forward 
the troops.' And a month later, in September, 
writing from Raystown in regard to the forwarding 
of some suppHes for -which he had arranged he 
said he hoped that 'this will give me time to look 
about for a day or two and draw breath, being 
at this present moment in bed, wearied like a dog." 
And Sir John St. Clair sent back a requisition for 
'pickaxes, crows and shovels, and likewise more 
whiskey.' 

"But Forbes maintained a splendid courage 
in spite of his drawbacks, and he wrote: 'Every- 
thing that (k'pended upon the troops has succeeded 
to admiration, and we have got entirely the better 
of that impassable road over the Alleghany Moun- 
tains and Laurel Ridge, so we arc ready to take 
the very first favorable opportunity, if not with 
the whole, at least of visiting the enemy witli 
pretty large detachments. So that now my 
advancing will again depend upon the honesty of 
the inhabitants by their furnishing proper wagons, 
as the troops are in great spirits, but 1 must not 
lead them to fall a sacrifice to want or famine.' 
Tt seems strange to-day to think of Scotch High- 
landers in the midst of these Pennsylvania forests, 
fighting the Indians, who, being friendly to tlie 
French were sent out by them against the advanc- 
ing British column, to watch its movements and 
harass it if possible; the Indians themselves did 
not quite know what to make of those brawny 
fellows with kilts whom the}- called 'petticoat 
soldiers,' but the Scotchmen did excellent service 
under Forbes. 

"The General wrote: 'I hope we have chased 
off the enemy's Indians from this neighborhood, 
having had three hundred Highlanders with all the 
best woodsmen out these eight days, night and 
day.' 

"The nearer the expedition approached its des- 
tination at Fort Duquesne, the more important 
became not only the question of the possible 
reinforcements that the French miglit have been 
able to obtain from Canada, but also how far they 
had succeeded in winning over the friendship of 



the Indians who had proved in the preceding cam- 
paigns, especially in Braddock's defeat, a most 
formidable weapon in this forest warfare. We 
find Forbes ^\Titing as to this: 'But in spite of all 
the parties I have sent out, I can learn nothing 
that can be depended upon, I must therefore beg 
that Andrew Montour may be forthwith employed 
in getting me intelligence of the enemy's strength 
in those parts, by going himself, as likewise send- 
ing two or three trusty hands to pick up what they 
can learn as to the number of French, Canadians 
or Indians there at present or expected. Whether 
they have thrown up any entrenchments before 
the fort, between the Ohio and the Monongahela. 
What guns they mount in the fort, whether they 
send out parties from the fort during the day or 
night to reconnoitre the ground; how many men 
mount guard, and the disposition of the Indians. 
These spies may return to our advanced post nine 
miles forward from Loyal Hanna on the other side 
of the Chestnut ridge of mountains and about forty 
miles from Fort Duquesne.' And with an eye 
to availing himself of the advantage to his own 
force to have as many Indians as possible on his 
side, the General adds: 'Hambus and Teedy- 
uscung's son go down to Easttown to persuade 
their friends to come and join them, I wish they 
may be sincere, so pray let them be watched 
narrowly.' 

"The fact was, however, that the garrison at the 
fort was not a strong one. Contrecoeur, who 
had held it so successfully, was withdrawn to 
Canada after Braddock's disaster, as had been 
also the greater part of the troops that he had had 
under him at that time. 

"The Indians were largely dispersed, — the 
Ottawas, Ojibwas, Pottawottomis and Wyan- 
dottes, who had come from the Great Lakes, had 
gone back to their distant villages, and the Ohio 
tribes wanting peace could not be induced to come 
out again for the French. So that the new French 
commander, M. de Ligneris, had but a handful 
of men now to oppose to the attack of the advanc- 
ing British. 



(336) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



"Forbes at Raystown had not only the severities 
of the campaign to contend with, but his own 
health, which had not been strong theretofore, 
gave way entirely. In his letter to Mr. Peters, 
he added with his own hand to the manuscript 
written by his secretary: T stand greatly in need 
of a few prunes by way of laxative; if any fresh 
are lately arrived a few pounds will be a great 
blessing, or a pound or two of such tine raisins 
as Mr. .^lien's were, as I eat nothing.' Indeed, 
from this point forward, and during the last weeks 
of his successful campaign the General had to 
direct operations from a litter in which he was 
carried, slung between two horses. 

"From Raystown he sent forward Colonel Bou- 
quet with 2,000 men to Loyal Hanna, where the 
latter entrenched himself in a position which he 
named after his favorite commander in Europe, 
General Ligenier, to examine the ground, impress 
the enemy and prepare for the ad\-ance of the 
whole army. Henry Bouquet, who was destined 
to play a very important part not only with Gen- 
eral Forbes, but later in an expedition which he 
led against the Western Indians in 1764, and put 
an end to the depredations that were laying waste 
the province of Pennsylvania, was a Swiss, having 
been born at a little town on Lake Geneva, called 
Rolle, which lies between Geneva and Lausanne. 
After a remarkable career in the military service 
of Holland, and having traveled extensively in 
France and Italy, in the company of Lord Middle- 
ton he entered the British army and was ordered 
in 1758, as we have already seen, to accompany 
General Forbes with the regiments of Royal 
Americans, of which he was lieutenant-colonel. 
He appears to have been the first I'rilish officer 
who closely observed the methods of warfare of 
the Indians, and to have drawn from their hidden 
and stealthy attacks the lessons which taught him 
to prepare his defense. Joseph Shippen wrote 
home from Bedford that Colonel Bouquet 'Ex- 
ercises his men everv afternoon in the woods and 
bushes in a particular manner of his own invention, 
which will be of great service in an engagement 



with the Indians.' He cautioned his men not to 
light a fire in the woods, not to break a twig or 
make a sound, for the Indians were very quick to 
hear and had an exceedingly keen sight. In 
truth. Boufjuet may be said to have been the great- 
est Indian fighter of his time. 

"Bouquet sent out a small reconnoitering force 
under Major Grant, which came into contact 
with the enemy toward the middle of September, 
and his command had a second engagement 
with them under Colonel James Burd, who gave 
the account of it in a letter from Loyal Hanna on 
the 14th of October, to his wife, who was Sarah 
Shippen, of Philadelphia. T have just to ac- 
quaint you,' he wrote, 'that the French army, con- 
sisting of 1,200 French and 200 Indians, com- 
manded Ijy M. de \'itri, attacked me on Thurdsay, 
the 12th, at II A. M., with great fury until 3 P. M., 
at which time I had the pleasure to see victory 
to the British army I had the honor to command. 
The enemy attempted on the night of the 12th 
to attack me a second time, but in return for their 
most unmelodious Indian 'music, I gave them a 
number of shells from our mortars, which made 
them retreat soon. 

" 'I received your last letter wherein you hoped 
I might obtain my wish to our taking Duquesne. 
We shall try it soon. 

" 'I am hearty, and with regard, my dear Sail, 
your ever affectionate husband.' 

"By the beginning of November the whole 
army, with General Forbes himself, was at Loyal 
Hanna, the main body having occupied fifty days 
in marching thither from Bedford, a distance of 
fifty miles. 'I "he General determined to move 
forwaid, in spite of the lateness of the season, with 
thi' h()])e that he might still complete his task before 
the winter set in, and encouraged, no doubt, by 
the fact that in the recent contact with the French 
the eneni}- had been impressed by his superiority, 
which de Ligneris was evidendy convinced that 
he could not dare to face. 

"On the 24th General Forbes had advanced 
to the Turtle Creek, close to Fort Duquesne, when 



(337) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



he saw smoke arising from the enclosure and was 
soon informed that the French commander had 
set fire to the buildings, had abandoned the post, 
and with the men of the garrison was making the 
best of his way down the Ohio River. 

"And so Ducjuesne was won by the great soldier 
whose name it is an honor to mention in connec- 
tion with the annals of our countr}-, whose deeds 
add lustre to the highest achievements of his 
time. His devotion to duty was marvelous as 
well as admirable, and his patriotic self-sacrifice 
enabled him to forget tlie hardships that sur- 
rounded him, the weariness of the way, even the 
infirmity which while it overcame his body could 
not break his indomitable will. 

"We are fortunate enough to possess a letter 
of Colonel Bouquet written at Fort Duquesne on 
the same day that Forbes occupied it, the 23th 
of November, 1758, in which he says to Chief 
Justice Allen, to whom it was wTitten : 

" 'I take with great pleasure this first oppor- 
tunity of informing you of the reduction of this 
important place, persuaded that the success of 
his Majesty's arms on this side will give you great 
satisfaction, and reward you for all the pains you 
have taken for the diflicult supply of this army. 

" 'We marched from Loyal Hanna with 2,500 
picked men, without tents or baggage, witii a 
light train of artillery in expectation of meeting 
the enemy and determining by a battle who should 
possess this country. 

'"The distance is about fifty miles, which we 
marched in five days, a great diligence considering 
the season, the uncertainty of the roads, entirely 
unknown, and the difiicultv of making tlum prac- 
ticable for the artillery. 

"'The 23d we took post at twehe miles from 
hence, and halted the 24th for intelligence. In the 
evening our Indians reported that they had dis- 
covered a very thick smoke from the fort, extend- 
ing in the bottom along the Ohio a few hours 
after they sent word that tlie enemies had aban- 
doned their fort after having burnt everything. 
We marched this morning and fmmd ihe reports 



true. They had blown up and destroyed all their 
fortifications, houses, ovens and magazines. 

" 'They seem to have been 400 men. Part 
is gone down the Ohio, 100 by land, supposed to 
Presque Isle, and 200 with the Governor, Mr. de 
Ligneris, to Venango." 

"Urging then the necessity of taking advantage 
of this success by providing necessaries for the 
troops and assuring the complete mastery of the 
French, Bouquet said: 'We have done our part, 
let you do j'ours. It is now in your power to enjoy 
in peace and quietness your lands and possessions, 
if you will only lay out in time some money, which 
may save you ten times more and the lives of 
thousands of your poor inhabitants.' 

"And he ended his letter with this: 'After God 
the success of this expedition is entirely due to 
the General, who by bringing about the treaty of 
Easton with the Indians, has struck the blow 
which has knocked the French on the head, in 
temporizing wisely to expect the effects of that 
treaty, in securing all his posts, and giving nothing 
to chance; and not yielding to the urgent instances 
for taking Braddock's road, which would have 
been our destruction. 

" 'In all these measures I say that he has shown 
the greatest prudence, firmness and ability. No- 
body is better informed of the numberless difli- 
culties he had to surmount than I am, who had an 
opportunity to see every step tliat was taken from 
the beginning and every obstruction that was 
thrown in his way. I wish the nation may be as 
sensible of his service as he really deserves and 
give him the only reward that can flatter him — 
the pleasure of seeing them pleased and satisfied.' 

"Bouquet's wish has been fulfilled: for, after a 
lumdred and fifty years we have not forgotten 
him, we express our gratitude to him here in the 
heart of the great city that has grown up on the 
scene of his triumph — Fort Duquesne became 
Fort Pitt and Fort Pitt became Pittsburgh, the 
Gateway to the West, the powerful centre of 
modern industry and wealth, now in the prime 
of its vigor and with its brilliant fviture before it. 



(338) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 



"General Forbes remained at the forks of the 
Monongahela during the winter, but returning to 
Philadelphia in the spring of 1 759, he died there, and 
lies buried there in the chancel of Christ Church. 

"It is a singular and interesting fact that General 
Forbes was born in Dunfermline, as was also Mr. 
Andrew Carnegie; and that his ancestral home, 
the house of his birth, is enclosed and still pointed 
out within the boundaries of the beautiful park 
which Mr. Carnegie has given as a public recrea- 
tion ground to the city. 

"Thus the name of Pittsburgh's great citizen 
and munificent benefactor is inseparably connected 
with that of the famous General who fought for it 
and gave it its name. 

"There is still to be seen in the house where 
Forbes was born in Dunfermline a pane of glass 
upon which his father wTOte with a diamond the 
date of his birth, adding underneath: 'A merry 
(or fine) young colt,' — which we have ample 
cause to know that he was." 

Mr. A. J. Kelly. Jr.: "Ladies and Gentlemen, 
we had a telegram this afternoon from one of our 
distinguished citizens and now we have a letter 
dated of a late date to the Hon. George W. Guth- 
rie, which it is my privilege to read. 

LETTER OF ANDREW CARNEGIE 

" 'I appreciate highly the pressing invitation to 
be present and celebrate with you Pittsburgh's 
birthday, but as it happens to be my own, previous 
engagements at home will prevent my presence 
with you. I count it one of the happiest incidents 
of my life that the creator of Pittsburgh, General 
Forbes, was, like myself, born in Dunfermline, 
and that I was able to purchase the romantic and 
historic estate PittcncrielT, of which he was Laird 
and of which I now hold the title as his successor. 
My connection with Dunfermline is strengthened 
by another incident. Its provost. General Ilalkctt 
and his son both fell on Braddock's field, now 
occupied by the steel works. I like to dwell upon 
these coincidences which bring my native town 
and my adopted city so closely together. 



" 'Great as Pittsburgh's progress has been in 
the past and as commanding as her position is, 
her future is to be still greater if she be true to 
herself. One feature pains me deeplv — the pass- 
ing away of her prominent citizens from time to 
time, without leaving behind them some evidence 
of love and gratitude for the city in which they 
made their fortunes. Surely this city in which 
they have prospered should not be forgotten. 

" 'I congratulate the citizens of Pittsburgh upon 
the evidences of returning prosperity which every- 
where abound, and in which Pittsburgh is so 
largely to share. My heart is with you to-night. 
"'Andrew C.a.rnegie.' " 

Mr. A. J. Kelly, ]r.: 'T also have a letter of 
regret from Lieutenant-General S. B. M. Young, 
whom you all perhaps well remember. It was his 
intention and plan to be with us, but he was not 
relieved from his post in the West in time to jjermit 
him to get here. 

"Mr. Tower has well portrayed the life of one 
of our greatest generals, one of whom Mr. Car- 
negie speaks, General Forbes. In September we 
had the pleasure of having the representative of 
the Forbes family here, and I have in my hand 
a letter written November 13th to the Hon. George 
W. Guthrie by Mr. Forbes, which reads as follows: 

letter of ARTHUR FORBES 

" "1 have great pleasure in wishing you and the 
citizens of Pittsl)urgh an enjoyable and successful 
meeting on Xovumber 25th, the 150th anniversary 
of the christening of the city of Pittsburgh. It 
gave me much satisfaction to hear during my re- 
cent visit of the city's wonderful progress in com- 
merce and educational matters since its founding 
a century and a lialf ago, and I have every hope 
that it will continue to prosper in as great a degree 
in the future. I would also again thank you and 
the Sesqui-Centennial Committee fort he kindness 
and hospitality accorded to my wife and myself 
(luring our stay in Pittsburgh. 

" 'Arthur Forbes.' " 



(339) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



The concluding remarks of the cveninj^ were by 
Mayor Guthrie: "Ladies and Gentlemen, while 
the hour is late I think that you will pardon me if 
I will take a few^ moments of your time to say to 
our guests and friends what I know you all feci, 
and that is the pleasure and gratification that we 
have had in their attendance at our various celebra- 
tions. We are grateful to them that they have 
at such trouble come here to add grace and pleas- 
ure to'our services, and I know you will join with 
me in extending to these gentlemen w-ho have 
spoken to you to-night our thanks for the instruc- 
tive and illuminative addresses which they have 
prepared antl delivered so forcibly. And also you 
will join with me in extending to his excellency 
the Governor of Pennsylvania, the Hon. Edwin S. 
Stuart, our thanks that he has on two occasions 
set aside other public duties and engagements to 
come here and show by his presence the sympathv 
of the whole State of Pennsxhania. in our anniver- 



sary. .\nd now, Pittsburghers, your 150th year 
is closing. The future stretches fair before you. 
The forces of right and justice and good govern- 
ment, of all that tends to the uplift and develop- 
ment of the people, will triumph and carry our 
city to greater glory than she has ever seen. But 
to-day her destinies rest in our hands. May the 
inspiration of the great deeds of the past, may the 
spirits of the heroes who have given of their ser- 
vices and of their blood, inspire us to greater 
deeds of loyalty and service than we ever yet have 
rendered. .\nd may God be with us to the end. 

"The services to-night will close with the Hal- 
lelujah Chorus after which we will all join in sing- 
ing 'America.' " 

The "Hallelujah Chorus," by Handel, was 
rendered by the Mozart Club, Prof. J. P. Mc- 
Cullom, leader, accompanied by the Pittsburgh 
Orchestra. The celebration closed with the sing- 
ing of "America." 



(340) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



THANKSGIVING SERVICES 

In recognition of the fact that a Thanksgiving 
service was held by one of tlie Chaphiins of Gen- 
eral Forbes' army, Rev. Charles Beatty, on the day 
after the taking of Fort Duqucsne, being Sunday, 
special services were held in many churches in 
Pittsburgh on Thursday, November 26, 1908, 
being the National Thanksgiving Day. The most 
notable of these was a great union religious service 
held at 3: 15 p. m. in the temple of Rodeph Shalom 
congregation, Rabbi J. Leonard Levy, pastor, who 
presided. The services were arranged and partic- 
ipated in by pastors of thirteen different congrega- 
tions, Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. 

At 2 p. M. there was a meeting of Swedish res- 
idents in the Carnegie Music Hall, which was 
addressed by Hon. Herman dc Lagcrcrantz. Prof. 
Martin Hokanson of the Carnegie Technical 
Schools was chairman of the committee wliich 
arranged the meeting. In the morning, a banquet 
was given to M. de Lagercrantz at the Hotel 
Schenley by Swedish residents. 

On Friday, November 27th, ]\I. De Lagercrantz 
and Count Ugglas visited the Carnegie Art Gal- 
leries. At I p. II. they were given a farewell lunch- 
eon at the Duquesne Club by members of the 
Sesqui-Centennial E.xecutive committee. 

Many of the clubs and societies of the city held 
special Sesqui-Centennial exercises. One of the 
most notable of these was under the auspices of 
the New Era Club of Western Pennsylvania, at 
the Chamber of Commerce on the afternoon of 
Wednesday, October 14th. 

On the morning of November 25th the .\lleglicny 
County Committee of Pennsylvania Society Colon- 
ial Dames of .\merica unveiled a tal^let placed 
by the organization in the Washington School 
in Fortieth Street near Butler Street. The lal)let 
commemorates the crossing of the .Mleglieny 
River in the vicinity by (k-orge Washington and 
Christopher Gist on December 30, 1753. 

The Pittsburgh Chapter of the Daughters of 
the American Revolution on December 4th had 



an interesting meeting, at which papers were read 
describing the lives of officers who were at Fort 
Duquesne and Fort Pitt, these papers being 
written bv descendants of the officers. 



CENTENNIAL ODE 

< )nf hundred years ago to-day 

In martial state the heroes came, 
To plant within the wilderness 

Their grand old English name and fame. 
Tiiey saw the glor}' of the land, 

The realm of nations yet to be 
.\nd wrested from the allied foe 
The Empire of the Free. 

United thus may Saxon Sires 

.\nd Sons forever face the foe 
.•\nd strike for Freedom as they struck 
One hundred years ago. 

One hundred years have passed — and Peace 

In golden fullness o'er us reigns, 
Full plenty smiles on all our hills 

.■\nd gladness sings in all our plains, 
The llag of freemen greets the air 

Where waved the standard of our Sires, 
.\nd all their altars still are bright 
With Freedom's sacred fires. 

Here fame shall keep in holy trust 

The names of those who met the foe, 
.\nd won for us this glorious land 
One hundred years ago. 

So aid us, Heaven, to keep our trust, 

That in the coming centuries 
They'll say. where truth and valor live 

The light of Freedom never dies, 
Ood of our Fathers, kce]) us still 

The chosen jieoplo of thy hand, 
( >iH', in our fealty to thee. 
One, to our native land. 

O guide us. wiiile we watch and guard, 
From inward strife and outward foe. 
Tile heritage so noljly won 
( )ne hundred years ago. 

[Sung at the celebration in Pittsburgh, Xovcmber 25, 
1858. Words ijy F. B. I'limpton. Set to music by Henry 
Kleher.] 



(341) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



VISITORS TO EXPOSITION 

A E 

Mrs. K. Asche, N. S. ; Clara E. Asche, N. S.; A. C Robert P. Eiskine, Conneaut Lake; Natalia Ewald, 

Aylesworth, city; Earle Armstrong, Cleveland, O.; Harry Louisville, Ky.; E. E. Ebert, Allentown; C. H. Ebert, 

Archey, N. S.; Mrs. Alma Aleshire, cit)'; Mrs. M. Ashen-, city; Eliza J. Eccles, city; James M. Eccles, city; Edna 

felder, Philadelphia; F. P. Altman, New York; Mrs Erickson, Washington, Pa. ; Mrs. E. M. Evans, city. 
William Arbour, E. E. 



B 

Mrs. V. H. Beall, Crafton; H. L. Brum, Toledo, O.; 
Samuel Burns, N. S.; Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Brown, city; 
Jennie Benamann, N. S. ; Melissa Branders, city; Sadie 
Bauman, Baden; P. R. Boyd, Wilkinsburg; Mrs. Harry 
Beall, Crafton; Otto Bauer, Mill vale; Mrs. William Berg- 



J. M. Finigan, city; Benard H. Feldstein, city; Miss 
Ross Feldstein, cit)'; Harriet A. Foster, city; Miss Bessie 
Ford, city; Mrs. Emilie Fischer, McKeesport; Mrs. E. 
Finlev, Homewood. 

G 



Miss Sue Gorman, E. E.; Miss Nellie Gray, Dayton, 
man, N. S.; Flora Bergman, N. S.; Erv Barnett, Marietta, „ ,,. xt i /■ u * ■ t-. ^ ■.. ^r- u at \ ,^ u 
' ' 6 ' ' > . ' O.; Miss Nele Goldstein, Detroit, Mich.; Mrs. A. Gold- 

O. ; Miss Marcia Borland, city ; Winifred L. Browne, city ; 

Mrs. M. Borland, city; M. F. Balzer, city; .\llen R. 

Buckey, Mt. Washington; W. J. Buchanan, city; Mrs. 

E. Boyd, cit>- ; Mrs. F. C. Baird, Ben Avon ; Mrs. G. W. 

Baird, Lundys Lane; G. W. Baird, Lundys Lane; Mrs. 

William Blackburn, E. E. ; Mrs. A. Berlin, Greensburg; 

Mabel Blair, Valont; Mrs. George E. Buhan, city; Mrs. 

W. C. Burry, Mt. Pleasant; Miss L. A. Borner, S. S. 



r 



stein, Bellevue; W. E. Grau, N. S. ; John .\Uen 
Garee, Rock Creek, O. ; Miss Marie Geahr}', Cambridge, 
O.; Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Grimm, N. S. ; Dorcas 
Gordon, Paris; Frederick Geis, Knoxville, Tenn.; Bell- 

mont Gardner, N. S. 

H 

W. A. Hare, Toledo, O; William A. Hare, N. S.; 
Sadie Hippie, Cleveland, O ; Mrs. H. P. Hubbard, Hamilton, 
Canada; Arthur Hoeckstetter, Hyde Park; Marcus L. 



Hutton, city; Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Hill, Knoxville; Harry 
Etrulia Cook, N. S.; W. H. Crisswell, Monongahela; Hoetzel, s' S., cit)-; Frank E. Haas, S. S.; Mrs. Ola 
U. Christopher, Elrama; Arthur Carbaugh, N. S.; Mrs. Hcrr, Wilkinsburg; Miss Sadie Holmes, Carnegie; F. 
Mary Cunningham, Huntington, W. Va. ; Stephen Corficld, ^^ Hadden, Oakdale ; Wesley Holmes, Washington, D. C. ; 
N. S.; GarnetCoates,Mt. Oliver; H. H. Conway, Elwood ^jrs. R. E. Horton, Duquesne; Mrs. K. Horn, Erie; 
City; Colonel J. H Corbett, Carnegie; J. O. Corbett, Car- clarence McShane Herbert, Newark, O.; Mrs. George D. 
negie; Miss Clark, Chicago; L. L. Cope, city; Robert Holmes, Aiken, S. C; Miss Bessie Hughes city; Jim 
N. Campbell, city; Mrs. Robert N. Campbell, city; Miss HoUand, city; E. Hughes, Greensburg; Mrs. N. Hartovick, 
M. Isabel Cassidy, McKees Rocks; Mrs. R. Cassidy, Dawson; M. Hausman, Erie ; J. B. Husband, Greensburg. 
McKees Rocks; Mrs. Elsie Constans, city, Mrs. H. 
Corrothers, Greensburg; Mary CuUison, city; Mrs. Mary 
Chroniger, East Liverpool, O.; Mrs. Ben Chroniger, 
Wellsville, O.; W. H. Craft, Lock No. 4; Mrs. W. H. 
Craft, North Charleroi ; Rodger Craft, Lock No. 4 ; Mrs. 
E. Cross, Lewistown ; Miss J. Cross, Miss A. Cross, Lewis- 
town . 



Mrs. M. K. Irwin, N. S. 



I 



J 



I) 
Lolla Duerr, Tarentum; Pearl Duerr, Tarentum; Mrs. 
G. H. Duerr, Tarentum; Miss Mary Daucnhauser, city; 
Carl C. Dittmar, city; W. G. Docnch, city; Franck H. 



Goff C. Jenkins, Sheridanville ; D. W. James, Port 
Severn, Ontario, Can. ; Alice Johnson, city ; W. Q. Jehn 
Hoboken, N. J. ; J. McC. Johnston, Bellevue. 



Miss .\nna Krau.ssbach, Carnegie; Mrs. D. N. Kennedy, 



Davidson, city; Mr. MacDonald, city; Bede J. Devlin, city; Lulu B. Kuhns, Wilkinsburg; Miss Mary Keebler, 

city; Mrs. Mary Daly, city; Miss Bessie Dunseth, Du- Brushton; Miss Anna Kraussbach, Carnegie ; John Kingan 

quesne; M. E. Davidson, Verona; C. F. Dar)', Utica, East Pittsburgh; Mr. and Mrs. Leslie Knott, N. S. ; Jack 

N. Y. ; Matilda D. Earley, Dublin, Ireland. Kearney, city; William King, city; Agnes Korp, Port Vue; 

(342) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Anna B. Klein, N. S.; Arthur \V. Dickson Kirk, Hoboken; 
J. H. Kurtz, N. S.; Mr. and Mrs. John A. Kremser, 
Duquesne; Mrs. Mayme Kerr, Toyla, Texas; Dudley 
Keenan, Chicago; Mrs. Maud Kinslowe, Burnham. 



James Logue and family, city; W. H. Lappe, Mars; 
Walter G. Little, N. S. ; E. Lang, N. S. ; James H. Lay ton, 
E. E. ; Miss Pearl Link, city; R. F. Lackner, Aspinwall; 
James Little, Wilmerding; H. \V. Love, Orillia, Ontario, 
Can. ; George H. Lammert, New York ; Charles R. Lauder- 
baugh, city; William S. V. Lovett, Glenover; Mr. and Mrs. 
Alvin E. Loeffle, Knoxville; .-V. C. Llewellyn, Wheeling, 
W. Va.; J. B. Lash, city; Margaret Linhart, Greensburg; 
Mrs. P. B. Linhart, Greensburg; Maude J. S. Laufifer, 
Manor; W. D. Little, Winnipeg, ^lanitoba. Can.; Mrs. 
Mary Little, city ; Mrs. G. F. Leonard, Knox^-ille ; Mrs 
J. B. Levelle, Fairmont, W. Va. 

M 

J. McDonald, city; J. Miller, city; Miss Naoma Muha- 
ney, Carrick ; Miss Florence Morgan, Detroit ; Miss .\lice 
Morgan, New York; C. R. McConnell, Sheridanville ; 
Olive Mantz, ^Millvale ; Margaret J. E. McFarland, Wild- 
wood; Mrs. C. W. Mitchell, Butler; C. .S. Miller, Indepe- 
dence, Kan.; Mrs. James Murphy, Kittanning; J. F. 
Mangan, Butier; J. L. Meadow, Oakdale; John Morrison, 
city; Maggie Mooney, city; Mrs. H. L. McGaw, Jr., 
city; Miss .\nna Mitshelen, city; N. S. Markley, city; 
J. J. Morrow, New York; Mrs. Charles Melhom, city, 
Anna M. Miller, city; Leda ISfcMunn, city; Mrs. \. G. 
Mason, city; Miss N. Mulson, city; Mrs. Marion Miller, 
Duquesne ; Mrs. S. Morgan city ; Dan Miller, city. 

N 
Margaret J. Neely, city; William B. Nordher, Chicago; 
Mrs. "M. J. Neely, city. 

O 
Dr. Peter O'Neil, city; Mrs. J. O'Connor, Philadelphia, 
Pa. ; Mrs. W. V. Otto, Avalon. 



Miss Ethel S. Price, city; Frank ^L Palmer, N. S. ; 
Eliza Pritchard, Knoxville; Miss Margaret Pritchard, city; 
Mrs. Peter Proskin, city; August J. Poerschke, N. S.; 
Miss Irene Prosser, Boston, Mass.; F. C. Perret, city; 
Mrs. F. C. Perret, city; Mrs. C. Perret, city; W. E. Patti- 
son, city; Nan Patterson, McKeesport; Walter Probst, 
Cincinnati, O.; C. E. Pool, Greensburg. 



R 

Miss Sarah J. Renkin, .\valon; Mrs. W. W. Renkin' 
Avalon; Mercedes Roeser, Craften; Wilbur Roberts, 
Wheeling; A. LaFayette Randolph, Aspinwall; Mr. and 
Mrs. N. B. Renon, Tarentum; Mrs. Charles Reichenbach, 
city; C. H. Rese, Bellevue; C. H. Rese, Washington, D. 
C; Fred Reynolds, Homestead; Mrs. Edwin W. Raus- 
thome, city; J. R. Reinhart, Mrs. J. A. Reinhard, city, 
Neil Rainsberg, city; .\lbert C. Righter, .\valon; Mrs. F. 
B. Ranger, city; Endell Reed, Butler; Clark Roll, city; 
Charley Reel, Detroit; .\lma Rueckert, city; Harriet 
Rueckert, city. 

S 

H. F. Segalhorst, cit)'; Miss S. E. Simpson, city; Miss 
Katherine Schubert, Millvale; C. G. Schramm, .\spinwall; 
J. S. Shinn, Monongahela; Miss Anna Simpson, city; 
Mrs. Belle Simpson, cit)*; May Smith, WTieeling; Elsie 
Shepard, citj'; .\rthur E. Sixsmith, Dixmont; S. R. Swiss, 
Aspinwall ; Conrad Swartling, Wheeling ; T. E. Sullivan, 
Dunkhard; John Scott, McKeesport; S. R. Swiss, Aspin- 
wall; Mrs. J. J. SchraU, Crafton; Mr. J. L. SchraU, Graf- 
ton; H. .\. Seifert, city; Elvira Schwartz, Tarentum; 
Mrs. Charles Seelemeyer, McKeesport; Henr>' A. Seifert, 
city; ^Lrs. W. C. Smitten, citj'; Mrs. P. T. Smith, city; 
Miss Y. Shipley, city. 

T 

O. C. Taylor, Toledo; Florence Thomas, city ; J. Harry 
Thoerner, city; .\lfred Travis, Larimer; Miss Carrie 
Thompson, Harmony; Miss Helene Taubert, Wellsville, 
O. ; Joe Trenga, citj- ; Esther Taylor, city. 



Richard Varndell, Hopwood ; Mrs. Louis VoUbrecht, 
Erie; Mrs. .Albert \'andergrift, city; Miss Evelyn Vander- 
grift, city. 

W 

Albert E. WiUiams, Toledo; Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. 
Wickline, Crafton; William Workmaster, city; J. Homer 
Wallace, city ; Miss Mar)' Ellen Watt, city ; Miss Margar- 
etta Watt, citj-; Homer H. Wain, cit}-; J. G. White, 
Newell; Dawson Weller, cit)'; E. W. White, city; George 
A. Wilson, Santa Monica, Cal.; W. B. White, city; G. H. 
Wood, Philadelphia ; Miss L. Wilson, Edgewgod ; George 
S. Welsh, city; Frank Wells, city; Mrs. Frank Wimers- 
berger, Lundays Lane; Mrs. J. M. Williams, Duquesne; 
Lyde Watson, Tarantum; Miss L. E. Wire, Littlestown; 
Mrs. M. J. Wire, Littlestown; Mrs. George Williamson, 
city; W. O. Wright, cit)'. 



Margaret Quirk, Monroeville. 



D. .\. Zinn, Cleveland; S. Zimmerman, Monaca. 



(343) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



BRILLIANT RECEPTION TO WOMEN GUESTS 



All of feminine Pittsburgh, seemingly, turned 
out yesterday afternoon to do honor to the four 
women representing three of the city's most be- 
loved heroes, and to meet the wife of the Vice- 
President of the United States, thus taking ad- 
vantage of the opportunity aflforded them by the 
reception in honor of the women visitors given by 
the Women's Sesqui-Centennial Committee. Long 
before four o'clock, the hour announced for the 
beginning of the reception, the guests began to 
arrive and by the time the doors to the great foyer 
to Carnegie Music Hall, where it was held, were 
opened, fully one thousand handsomely gowned 
women were waiting to be admitted. Forbes 
Street and the streets adjoining were lined with onade punch was served. 



Stevenson and then came Miss Hester Louise 
Pitt-Taylor. After her came in the following 
order. Mrs. John Dalzell, Mrs. H. D. W. English, 
Mrs. Arthur Forbes, ^Irs. James W. Brown, Miss 
'NLidcline Hester Pitt-Taylor, Miss Mary Louise 
Jackson, Miss Martha Washington, ]Miss. William 
J. Holland, ^Irs. James I. Kay, oNIrs. John Grier 
Holmes, iNIrs. Albert H. Childs, Mrs. Herbert Du- 
Puy, Airs. Alexander Lauglilin, Jr., Mrs. William 
Thaw, Jr., Airs. William Metcalf, Jr., and Mrs. 
De.xter Jerauld Thayer. Scattered above the 
foyer were other women aids, whose sole duty 
it was to attend to the pleasure and comfort of the 
guests. An orchestra furnished music and lem- 



carriages and automobiles which had brought the 
guests to the reception. 

From four o'clock until six there was a constant 
stream of women entering through the lobby, pass- 
ing along the receiving line and out into other 
parts of the building. They covered the floor of 
the foyer, forming first a solid L as they entered 
and turned to greet those in the receiving line, 
then formed into groups of three and four and a 
dozen and crowded the galleries, which were 
turned into a sea of women's faces. 

The scene presented was like pictures of the 
Louis period in France. The magnificence of 
the room itself and the rich and beautifully cos- 
tumed women formed a combination probably 
not excelled even in those picturesque days. The 
fover needed no adornment and had none. Great 
palms in tubs set before the pillars at the western 
end formed a background for the receiving line. 
In the middle of the balcony above was the Pitts- 
burgh coat of arms done in red and wliite flowers 
and above that two crossed flags. 

The guests were received first by Mrs. George 
W. Guthrie, wife of Pitt'^burgh's chief executive 
oflicer, and by her presented to Mrs. Charles W. 
Fairbanks, wife of the Vice-President of the United 
States. Next to her stood Mrs. William H. 



Mrs. Guthrie was handsomely go^^•ned in 
gray chift'on trimmed with white chiffon hand- 
painted with pink roses, and about her neck was 
a dog-collar of opals and Roman gold. She wore 
a small French toque and orchids. Airs. Fair- 
banks wore a gown of wine colored silk voile filled 
at the neck with white lace, and a handsome 
diamond pendant. Her costume was finished 
with a large white leghorn hat trimmed with long 
white ostrich plumes, and an aigrette. 

Fine black lace over white satin was worn by 
Miss Pitt-Taylor. The front of the bodice was 
of white lace from which sparkled a necklace and 
pendant of diamonds and pearls. Her hat was 
a small black one trimmed with green plumes; over 
her face she wore a black veil of dotted net. Her 
niece. Miss Madeline Pitt-Taylor, was in white. 
The skirt of her costume was of cream white broad- 
cloth and the blouse of embroidered net. Her 
liat was a broad brimmed black straw trimmed 
with white hyacinths. 

.\ dainty pink and white silk with fine black 
stripes trimmed with duchesse lace was worn by 
Miss Washington. Her hat was of ecru gauze 
trimmed with violet velvet and green foliage. 
Mrs. Forbes wore black silk with jet spangles 
and white lace and a small black hat. 



(344) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUl-CENTENNIAL 



Following the exercises attendant upon the 
laying of the two corner-stones Mayor Guthrie 
gave a luncheon in his own home, "Overbridge" 
in Woodland Road, to the special men guests of the 
city still in town. It was an informal luncheon 
and was given quite apart from the ofticial func- 
tions of the week. The eighteen guests were 
seated at one table, which was ornamented with 
a centerpiece of yellow dahlias. They included 
Vice-President Fairbanks, Governor Stuart, Gen- 
eral S. B. M. Young, General Horace Porter, the 
Hon. Eric C. F. Collier, Arthur Forbes, Chancellor 
Samuel B. McCormick, Judge John M. Ken- 
nedy. Judge W. G. Hawkins, H. D. W. English, 
C. B. Price, James W. Brown, W. H. Stevenson, 
Herbert DuPuy, Dr. John A. Brashear and R. 
Walker Guthrie. 

Vice-President and Mrs. Fairbanks were guests 
of honor at a handsome dinner given last evening 
by Mr. and Mrs. William Metcalf, Jr., in the 
University Club. It was served in the lounging 
room on the second floor of the club house. The 
room is ceiled in oak and was banked in the 
recesses with palms and potted plants. The 
thirty-six guests were seated at one long, broad 
table down the center of which ran a bed of Ameri- 
can Beauty roses. Over the cloth were scattered 
loose clusters of the same kind of flowers tied with 
ribbons which were afterward presented to the 
women guests and intermingled with which were 
fern leaves. Ten large cut-glass candelabra 
furnished the only light. 

In addition to the host and hostess and honor 
guests covers were laid for Miss Pitt-Taylor, Miss 
Madeline Pitt-Taylor, the Hon. Eric Collier, Mr. 
and Mrs. John DalzLll, Mr. and Mrs. James 
Francis Burke, Dr. John A. Brashear, Dr. and 
Mrs. .Arthur A. Hamerschlag, Mr. and Mrs. 
Robert Carson, Jr., Colonel and Mrs. Samuel 
Harden Church, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Steven- 
son, Mr. and Mrs. Warren C. Fairbanks, Mrs. 
Edward T. Cassidy, C. E. E. Childers, Mr. and 
Mrs. William M. Hall. Mr. and Mrs. Grant Mc- 



Cargo, Mr. and .Mrs. .\. M. Jenkinson, Mr. and 
Mrs. James R. Mellon and F. F. Tumbridge. 

Beginning with Mrs. George W. Guthrie's 
luncheon at the Pittsburgh Golf Club this afternoon 
the Sesqui-Centennial visitors in the city started 
another day filled with social events. Following 
the luncheon Mrs. Guthrie, Mrs. Charles W. Fair- 
banks, Miss Pitt-Taylor and Miss Madeline Louise 
Pitt-Taylor were driven to the Schenley, where 
they attended Mrs. Edward T. Cassidy's reception 
given in honor of Mrs. Charles Warren Fairbanks. 
Mrs. Cassidy was assisted at her tea by Mrs. Henry 
W. Oliver, Mrs. Henry R. Rea, Mrs. Warren C. 
Fairbanks, Mrs. William Metcalf. Jr., Mrs. S. N. 
Benham, Mrs. Henry R. Hilliard. Mrs. James R. 
Mellon, Mrs. W. L. Mellon, Mrs. George W. 
Nicola, Mrs. Carroll Davis, Miss Clara Hussey 
and her visiting friend. Miss Sterling; Mrs. 
Charles B. McLean, Mrs. John Dalzell, Mrs. 
John F. Steele, Mrs. John B. Heron. Mrs. Alex- 
ander King, Mrs. Robert T. Reineman, Mrs. 
William H. Stevenson, Mrs. Ralph Baggaley, Mrs. 
A. M. Jenkinson, ^Irs. Robert Hanson. Mrs. W. 
S. Dalzell and Mrs. J. B. Finley. Miss Pitt- 
Taylor gave a dinner this evening at the Schen- 
ley in honor of those who have entertained her 
during her visit in the city. Among her guests 
were Mayor and Mrs. George W. Guthrie, Mrs. 
Fairbanks, Mr. and Mrs. James W. Brown, Chan- 
cellor and Mrs. S. B. McCormick, Miss Mary 
Louise Jackson, John B. Jackson, Bishop and 
Mrs. Cortlandt Wiitehead, Mr. and Mrs. William 
Metcalf, Jr., Dr. and Mrs. John .\. Brashear. Mr. 
and Mrs.H. D. W. English, Dr. and Mrs. William 
J. Holland, Miss Ellen Sellers, Mr. and Mrs. S. 
H. Church, Caj)tain and Mr-. James Henderson, 
Colonel and Mrs. James M. Schoonmaker, Burd S. 
Patterson, Mrs. Edward T. Ca.-^sidy, Mr. and Mrs. 
Herbert DuPuv, Mr. and Mrs. Warren Fairbanks, 
Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Janus 1. Kay. C. E. E. Childers, 
.Arthur M. Scully,General Horace Porter, Mrs. John 
G. Holmes, Mr. Holmes, Mr. and Mrs.Scaife, Miss 
Madeline Pitt-l^avlor and the Hon. Eric Collier 



(345) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



CLOSING DAY OF CELEBRATION 

On Saturday afternoon, October 3d, there were 
horse races at Schenley Park Oval under the au- 
spices of a subcommittee of the Sesqui-Centennial 
Committee, of which George W. Baum was chair- 
man. The committee was composed of members 
of the Schenley Matinee Club and the Brunot's 
Island and Crafton Clubs. There were eight 
racing events, for each of which the Sesqui- 
centennial Committee offered a cup for the winner, 
and a Pittsburgh flag for the second horse. Sev- 
eral thousand persons witnessed the races. Mr. 
and Mrs. Arthur Forbes, Miss Martha Washing- 
ton, Miss INIadeline Hester Pitt-Taylor and Hon. 
Eric Collier were also present for a portion of the 
time. During the afternoon Roy Knabenshue 
made two flights with his dirigible balloon over 
and around the race course, his services having 
been employed by the Sesqui-Centennial Com- 
mittee. On the following Tuesday he sailed his 
dirigible balloon from Schenley Park o\er the 
down-town business district and back again. 

During the afternoon of Saturday there was a 
great parade on the South Side. The Sesqui-Cen- 
tennial Committee permitted the use of its historic 
floats in this parade. There were many other 
attractive floats and wagons prepared expressly 
for the occasion. 

The week's functions ended witli two banquets 
given at the Schenley Hotel Saturday evening. 
The first of these was at 6: 30 and was given by 
the Scotch residents of Pittsburgh in honor of 
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Forbes and Miss Martha 
Washington. At 8 o'clock. Miss Hester Louise 
Pitt-Taylor gave a dinner to those who had shown 
her special courtesies during her stay in the city. 
Mrs. Charles W. Fairbanks and General Horace 
Porter were among the guests. Speeches were 
made by Mayor Guthrie and others. Miss Pitt- 
Taylor, during the evening, presented to Mayor 
Guthrie, for the city, a large plate of Frustenburg 
china bearing the arms of the Pitt family and 
which belonged to the first Earl of Chatham. It 



was inclosed in a fine glass case and appropriately 
inscribed. 



CARNEGIE INSTITUTE EXHIBITS 

September 27th to November 26th there was 
an exhibition in the Carnegie Art Gallery of por- 
traits of persons prominently connected with the 
early history of Pittsburgh. These portraits were 
loaned by their various owners, all residents of 
Pittsburgh or its vicinity. The collection was 
secured through the efforts of the Art Exhibit 
Committee of the Sesqui-Centennial Committee, 
of which John W. Beatty, Director of the Car- 
nesrie Art Gallerv was chairman, and Miss C. S. 
Lapsley, Secretary. An interesting collection of 
colonial and Revolutionary relics connected with 
the history of Pittsburgh was on exhibition in the 
Carnegie Museum from September 27th to No- 
vember 26th. The collection was gathered and 
arranged by Dr. William J. Holland, Director of 
the Carnegie Museum, and his assistant, Douglas 
Stewart. This and the Library e.xhibit noted else- 
where, were arranged under the auspices of the 
Carnegie Institute Committee of the Sesqui-Cen- 
tennial Committee, of which William N. Frew, 
chairman of tlic Board of Trustees and Carnegie 
Institute, was chairman. 

A fine collection of books, documents and en- 
gravings relating to or made in Pittsburgh was on 
exhibition at the Carnegie Library from September 
27th to November 26th. It was arranged by 
Harrison W. Craver, Librarian of the Carnegie 
Library, and Miss Elisa M. Williard, head of the 
reference department, and her assistants, Misses 
Irene Stewart and Joanna Strange. In the chil- 
dren's department of the library, of which Miss 
Frances J. Olcott is head, a special effort was 
made to interest the little ones in the history 
commemorated by the Sesqui-Centennial celebra- 
tion. 

.\s has l)een noted. Miss Hester Louise Pitt- 
Taylor presented to the city of Pittsburgh a plate 
which belonged to the first William Pitt. Mayor 



(346) 



PITTSBURGH'S SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



Guthrie directed the same to be deposited in the 
Carnegie Museum. Mr. Charles Pitt-Taylor also 
presented to the city a fine engraving of the Earl 
of Chatham. During the two weeks' stay of the 
Misses Taylor in Pittsburgh some fine silver and 
china plates and other articles which belonged to 
the first William Pitt were exhibited at the Car- 
negie Museum. 

Mr. Arthur Forbes brought with him and ex- 
hibited at the Carnegie Museum some relics of 
General Forbes. These were his uniform in the 
Dutch service, his certificate of Burgesship at 
Dunfermline, a wallet and a combined snuff mull 
and whisdc — the latter used to call dogs. 

The Carnegie Technical Schools, of which Dr. 
A. A. Hamerschlag is the head, were at various 
times visited by the guests of the city, who were 
accorded every courtesy by the director and his 
assistants. 



NOTES 

The Hotel Committee, E. E. Bonneville, Chair- 
man, established a bureau of information for 
visitors • seeking accommodations and performed 
its various duties satisfactorily. 

The Reception Committee, of which Dr. John 
A. Brashear was the able and indefatigable chair- 
man, performed all its functions in a most accept- 
able manner. 

The Railroad and Transportation Committee, 
S. C. Long, chairman, did all in its power to 
secure favorable rates for visitors during the cele- 
bration and to facilitate travel at that time. 

The badges worn 1)\- the members of the com- 
mittees and guests were designed by \\'. lAirien 



Scaife, assisted by A. Zeller, and were generally 
admired. They contained the head of Washing- 
ton and a view of the city at the Point, engraved 
on a metal plate to which were attached ribbons 
of black and yellow, which latter were suitably 
lettered. 

The members of the Women's Auxiliary Com- 
mittee, of which Miss Julia Morgan Harding was 
chairman, and Mrs. Samuel A. Amnion vice- 
chairman, efficiendy performed all the duties 
assigned. }vlrs. Amnion did specially valuable 
work as chairman of the Subcommittee on Historic 
Floats of the Greater Pittsburgh Day Committee. 

The Women's Reception Committee under the 
leadership of Mrs. George W. Guthrie, acted as 
ideal hosts to the women guests of the city; as 
also Mrs. James A. Henderson, chairman, and 
the Ladies" Marine Committee, who made it exceed- 
ingly pleasant for their guests during the great 
Marine display. 

The celebration was most effectively advertised 
in advance in the news columns of the Pittsburgh 
papers, as well as in about 150 papers of the 
Pittsburgh district. Walter H. Gaither, the Pub- 
licity Secretary of the Committee, proved himself 
most competent in this capacity. The celebration 
was also advertised by striking posters in Pitts- 
burgh and many other cities and towns. 

John B. Jackson, the eflicient Treasurer of the 
committee, was killed by a fall from his horse, 
October 31st. His death was a great loss to the 
whole community and was deeply regretted by his 
associates on the Sesqui-Centennial Committee. He 
had taken a great interest in the celebration and 
actively participated in the ceremonies and func- 
tions of the Sesqui-Centennial Week. 



(347) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



GOOD EFFECTS OF CELEBRATION 

The good effects of the Sesqui-Centennial Cele- 
bration were many and of an important and 
varied character. When the General Committee 
was appointed the people of Pittsburgh were feel- 
ing most keenly the evil effects of a severe business 
depression and consequently there were many who 
deemed it unwise and even impossible to arrange 
for a proper celebration of the city's 150th birth- 
day anniversary. Some contended that it would 
be impossible to raise the money required, while 
others averred that instead of having a celebration, 
funds should be used for the needy poor. To 
these the reply was made that when the citizens 
of Pittsburgh fully understood the character of the 
celebration they would provide the necessary 
funds, that the money dispensed for the affair 
would give employment and trade to many Pitts- 
burghers, and the celebration would attract many 
outside people to the city whose expenditures here 
would put money in circulation in the community 
which would otherwise be spent elsewhere or 
hoarded. It was also contended that while more 
than $50,000 would be raised for the celebration 
and be expended among the city's own people, 
that an appeal for funds to be distributed as 
charity would certainly net only a fraction of this 
amount while it would bring nothing into the city 
from outside. The result amply justified the 
contentions of the friends of the celebration. The 
people of the city, when they understood the 
character and importance of the celebration, sub- 
scribed the funds asked for by the committee. 
Further tlian that they expended many thousands 
of dollars in decorating their properties and in 
entertaining visitors. Many thousands of people 
were attracted to the city from outside by the 
celebration, among them a large number of former 
Pittsburghers. Their expenditures for raihoad 
fares, hotel and restaurant bills and for goods 
purchased in the city aggregated a great sum. It 
is a conservative estimate to say that solely because 
of the celebration a half million dollars was put in 



circulation in this community and its immediately 
adjoining territory, which otherwise would have 
remained hoarded in banks or homes. It was well 
said that the revival of business in the community 
began with the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration of 
September 27th to October 3d. 

This was due, not alone to the expenditure of the 
money above mentioned but to the spirit engen- 
dered by the great land and marine pageants of 
that week which brought the vast multitudes of 
of nonresident spectators here. 

In this connection also should be mentioned 
the fact that there were between 500 and 600 
members of the various Sesqui-Centennial com- 
mittees, most of whom took an active interest in 
the work of preparing for the celebration. These 
committees embraced men of all trades, businesses 
and professions, many of whom met for the first 
time. They all worked together harmoniously 
for a patriotic purpose. They were engaged in 
making a celebration worthy of the city. 

\\'liile in the beginning it was difficult to get 
many committeemen together, yet in the last 
month of preparation the meetings were large 
and enthusiastic. Hundreds of committeemen 
were highly interested in the celebration and when 
it proved a great success they rejoiced. Their 
work for it brought them into contact with many 
of their fellows and occupied them at a time when 
business was none too plentiful. The success of 
the work for the celebration gave them new heart 
for their own affairs and assured them of the fact 
that the resources of the city and the character of 
its men were such as to insure its prosperity. 

It may be remarked that the direct gifts to 
charitable and philanthropic purposes were helped 
rather than hindered by the Sesqui-Centennial 
Celebration. 

One of the effects of the celebration was the 
great stimulation of interest in the history of the 
city and region in the minds of the young and old 
residents of Pittsburgh and vicinity. The officials 
at the Carnegie Library reported many persons 



as seeking information as to the early days of the 



(348) 



PITTSBURGH 



SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 



city. In aU the schools the pupils were aroused 
to study the local history by the special Sesqui- 
Centennial Exercises held in them as well as by 
the great historical land and river pageants. When 
a people learn to appreciate properly the deeds of 
the founders of a community as well as its present 
greatness and resources, the standard of citizen- 
ship must inevitably be raised. Both these results 
were accomplished in a marked degree b}- the 
Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. 

Another important result was the advertising 
of the city all over the world. The news of the 
Sesqui-Centennial Celebration was sent to the ends 
of the earth. The English papers had consider- 
able notices of it. The high and varied character 
of the celebration presented Pittsburgh in a new 
light. Our distinguished visitors from different 
parts of the United States and from England, 
Scotland and Sweden were surprised to discover 
that Pittsburgh was a great center of art, music, 
literature, and general and technical education 
as well as of industry, and they went home to 
spread new views of the city in many influential 
quarters. Thousands of newspapers in this and 
other countries described the celebration with the 
result that their readers gained new and better 
ideas of this city. The great and beautiful 
[and and river pageants also educated our own 
people so that they will no longer be content 
with the old style parades given up to mere 
advertising and devoid of interest, beautv and 
educational and historic significance. The collec- 
tions of portraits of former Pittsburghcrs and 
colonial and revolutionary relics and books e.x- 
hibited in the Carnegie Art Gallery, Museum and 
Library have lad many to appreciate the value 
of preserving sucli interesting mementos of the 
past. One effect of the celebration was to in- 
duce the pu])lirati()n of books and pamphlets 
dealing with the history of the city. Among these 
were Samuel Harden Church's "A Short History 
of Pittsburgh"; Burd S. Patterson's historical 
romance "The Head of Iron, "a Sesqui-Centennial 



history published by subscription, and a new 
edition of Miss Sarah Killikelly's "History of 
Pittsburgh." 

It was certainly a great inspiration to historical 
students and many others who attended the meet- 
ings in the exposition on November 25th to see there 
representatives of the Washington, Pitt and Forbes 
families, whose great relatives just 1 50 years before 
had been united in the work which culminated in 
the notable historic event which was at the moment 
being celebrated, and to know that there were in 
the audience descendants — among them Count 
Ugglas — of soldiers who had served in the army 
of General Forbes. 

A gratifying feature of the celebration was the 
fact that large numbers of people assisted in the 
work of the committee, participated in the various 
public indoor functions and viewed the outdoor 
pageants and ceremonies. As has been stated 
there were between 500 and 600 citizens on the 
various committees. Each of the many sub- 
committees was allowed to do its work unham- 
pered, subject to the approval of the General Execu- 
tive Committee. All citizens who cared to do so 
attended the great union religious meeting at the 
Xixon Theatre on Sunday, September 27th, 10,000 
persons were present at the official reception at 
the Duquesne Garden, Monday evening, Septem- 
ber 28th, and 3,000 women attended the women's 
reception on Friday afternoon, October 2d. Sev- 
eral thousand persons witnessed the matinee races 
at Schenley Oval on Saturday afternoon, Octo- 
ber 3d, while large audiences were present at the 
two Anniversary Day meetings on November 25th. 
Hundreds of thousands of spectators viewed the 
marine and land parades, the routes chosen being 
selected with a \-iew to make this possible. Never 
before in the history of the city were such multi- 
tudes assembled in it as on September 30th and 
October ist. The good order and good humor of 
these great multitudes was most remarkable and 
elicited tlic wondering and favorable comment of 
[he foreign guests of the city. 



(349) 




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MELLON XAlloXAL BANK BUILDING, DECORATKD DIKING SESQUI-CENTENNIAL 

(351) 



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Oldest Bank in the United States west of the Alleghany mountains. Founded 1810 

(352) 




UNION TRUST COMPANY' BUILDING 
(353) 




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Tiie finest ofiBce building in the world 

(357) 




I'ARK BUILDING 
Showing the fine decoration during ilie Sesqui-Centennial 

(358) 




CURRY BUILDING 

Finely decorated during the Sesqui-Centennial 
(359) 




McCREERY BUILDING 
Finest decorated huilding in llie city during the Sesqui-Centennial 

(360) 




HOTEL HENRY 
Showing the splendid decoration of the Hotel Henry 

(361) 




(362) 




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(365) 



PRINTED BY R. R. DONXELLHV 
& SONS CO., AT THE LAKESIDE 
PRESS . . . CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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